Purple Cochoa

Purple Cochoa
Conservation status
Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Passeriformes
Family:	Turdidae
Genus:	Cochoa
Species:	C. purpurea
Binomial name
Cochoa purpurea Hodgson, 1836

The Purple Cochoa (Cochoa purpurea) is a brightly coloured bird found in the temperate forests of Asia. It is a quiet and elusive bird species that has been considered to be related to the thrushes of family Turdidae or the related Muscicapidae (Old World flycatchers). They are found in dark forested areas and is found in the canopy, where it often sits motionless.

Description

This bird appears dark in the shade of the forest and the colours become clear only when it is lit by the sun. The crown is silvery blue and a black mask runs over the eye. A grey carpal patch is present at the base of the black wing feathers and a wing patch is prominent. The tail is silvery blue with a black terminal band. The males has dull purplish grey secondaries and coverts and the body is greyish while the female has rufous replacing the purple.^[2][3][4]

The genus name is from the Nepali word for the bird and was used by Brian Houghton Hodgson.^[5] The family position of the cochoas has been unclear with some sources suggesting that they belong to the Muscicapidae while others have suggested them to be in the family Turdidae. The latter suggestion has found more support in recent molecular studies.^[6]

Distribution and habitat

It is found in Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, and Vietnam. In India, it is found along the Himalayas with the western limit about 100 km west of Musoorie.^[7]

Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

Behaviour and ecology

The species is not very active and is found mainly in the canopy. The breeding season is May to July, when it builds a cup shaped nest in a fork. The nest is covered with moss, lichens and a white thread-like fungus which is said to be distinctive. Three pale-sea green eggs with some blotchy markings are laid and both sexes take turns in incubation. The birds are shy at the nest and slip away even when disturbances are afar.^[8] The song consists of is a low whistle while other calls include a sit and soft trrrs.^[2] These cochoas feed on berries, insects and molluscs.^[8][9]

References

1. ^ BirdLife International (2009). "Cochoa purpurea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/147519. 
2. ^ ^{a b} Rasmussen PC & JC Anderton (2005). Birds of South Asia: The Ripley Guide. Volume 2. Smithsonian Institution and Lynx Edicions. p. 371. 
3. ^ Oates, EW (1890). Fauna of British India. Birds. Volume 2. Taylor and Francis, London. pp. 159–160. http://www.archive.org/stream/birdsindia02oaterich#page/159/mode/1up/. 
4. ^ Hussain,SA; Waltner,Robert C (1975). "Occurrence of the Purple Cochoa Cochoa purpurea Hodgson, near Mussoorie, U.P.". J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 72 (2): 552. 
5. ^ Jobling, James A. (1991). A Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. Oxford University Press. p. 57. ISBN 0 19 854634 3. 
6. ^ Sangster, G;Per Alström ;Emma Forsmark & Urban Olsson (2010). "Multi-locus phylogenetic analysis of Old World chats and flycatchers reveals extensive paraphyly at family, subfamily and genus level (Aves: Muscicapidae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 57: 380–392. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.07.008. PMID 20656044. http://www.nrm.se/download/18.3ebfe5cf12a9d3ebacb80002787/Sangster+et+al+2010+Muscicapidae+MPE.pdf. 
7. ^ Jamdar, Nitin (1986). "Notes on Orange Parrotbill (Paradoxornis nipalensis), Blackfaced Flycatcher-Warbler (Abroscopus schisticeps) and Purple Cochoa (Cochoa purpurea) from Garhwal Himalayas". J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 83 (2): 444–446. 
8. ^ ^{a b} Ali S & SD Ripley (1998). Handbook of the birds of India and Pakistan. Volume 9 (2 ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 17–19. 
9. ^ Baker, ECS (1924). Fauna of British India. Volume 2 (2 ed.). Taylor and Francis, London. pp. 184–185. http://www.archive.org/stream/BakerFbiBirds2/bakerFBI2#page/n212/mode/1up/. 

External links

• Videos, photographs and sounds
• call recordings