Mold of the Earth

Bolesław Prus

"Mold of the Earth" (Polish: "Pleśń świata") is one of the shortest micro-stories by the Polish writer Bolesław Prus.

The story was published on 1 January 1884 in the News Year's Day issue of the Warsaw Courier (Kurier Warszawski).^[1] The story comes from a several years' period of pessimism in the author's life. That pessimism had been caused by the situation of Poland (which nine decades earlier, upon the completion of the Partitions of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, had ceased to exist as an independent country) and by the 1883 failure of Nowiny (News), a Warsaw daily that Prus had been editing for less than a year.^[2]

Theme

Temple of the Sibyl at Puławy

The story is set adjacent to the Temple of the Sibyl on the grounds of the old Czartoryski estate in Puławy. The Temple had been erected in the 18th century as a museum and patriotic memorial to the late Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth by Princess Izabela Czartoryska. Next to the Temple is a boulder, overgrown with molds, which at a certain moment magically transforms into a globe.

In his one-and-a-half-page micro-story, Prus identifies human societies with colonies of molds that contest for the surface of the globe. He thus provides a metaphor for the competitive struggle for existence that goes on among human societies.

This theme resonates with Prus' last major — and only historical — novel, Pharaoh (1895), and still more with his first major novel, The Outpost (1886). The latter depicts the struggle of the stolid Polish peasant Ślimak ("Snail") to hang onto his farmstead against the encroachments of German settlers who are buying up adjacent land, encouraged by their government's policy of expansion into ethnically Polish lands.

Prus' metaphor of society-as-organism, which he uses implicitly in "Mold of the Earth" and explicitly in the introduction to his novel Pharaoh, was borrowed from the sociological writings of Herbert Spencer, who had invented the expression "survival of the fittest" and exerted the greatest influence on Prus' thinking.^[3]

Temple of the Sibyl. 19th-century engraving.

The story's setting carries a patriotic subtext, since Izabela and Adam Kazimierz Czartoryski had in the 18th century turned their estate into a leading private center of Polish history and culture. They had particularly dedicated the Temple of the Sibyl as a museum and memorial to the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth that was in their lifetimes, in the 18th century, partitioned out of political existence by the neighboring Russian, Prussian and Austrian empires.

Inspirations

In 1869, then-22-year-old Bolesław Prus had briefly studied at the Agricultural and Forestry Institute that had been established on the old Czartoryski estate. Before that, he had spent several years of his early childhood in Puławy.

"Mold of the Earth" is one of several micro-stories by Bolesław Prus that were partly inspired by 19th-century French prose poetry.^[4]

See also

• Temple of the Sibyl
• Izabela Czartoryska
• Royal Casket
• Czartoryski Museum
• "The Living Telegraph" (a micro-story by Bolesław Prus).
• "Shades" (a micro-story by Bolesław Prus).
• Prose poetry.
• "A Legend of Old Egypt" (Prus' first historical short story).
• Pharaoh (historical novel by Bolesław Prus).
• Historic recurrence.

Notes

1. ^ Krystyna Tokarzówna and Stanisław Fita, Bolesław Prus, 1847-1912: Kalendarz życia i twórczości (Bolesław Prus, 1847-1912: a Calendar of His Life and Work), p. 320.
2. ^ Christopher Kasparek, "Two Micro-Stories by Bolesław Prus," The Polish Review, 1995, no. 1, p. 99.
3. ^ Zygmunt Szweykowski, Twórczość Bolesława Prusa, pp. 21-22.
4. ^ Zygmunt Szweykowski, Twórczość Bolesława Prusa, p. 99.

References

• Christopher Kasparek, "Two Micro-Stories by Bolesław Prus," The Polish Review, 1995, no. 1, pp. 99-103.
• Zygmunt Szweykowski, Twórczość Bolesława Prusa (The Art of Bolesław Prus), 2nd ed., Warsaw, Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy, 1972.
• Tokarzówna, Krystyna; Stanisław Fita (1969). Szweykowski, Zygmunt. ed. Bolesław Prus, 1847-1912: Kalendarz życia i twórczości (Bolesław Prus, 1847-1912: a Calendar of His Life and Work). Warsaw: Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy.