Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency

During the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster, three reactors overheated, causing meltdowns that eventually led to explosions, which released large amounts of radioactive material into the air.^[1]

The Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency (原子力安全・保安院, Genshiryoku Anzen Hoanin^?) is a Japanese nuclear regulatory and oversight branch of the Agency for Natural Resources and Energy under the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry. It was created in 2001 during the 2001 Central Government Reform. It has a main office in Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda, Tokyo that works with the Japanese Atomic Energy Commission as well as providing other functions. It also has regional offices. It performs oversight for industry as requested by the Japanese government.

Criticism and reform

According to a government report to the International Atomic Energy Agency in June 2011, "NISA’s lack of independence from the trade ministry, which promotes the use of atomic power, hampered a quick response to the disaster at Tokyo Electric Power Co.’s Fukushima Dai-Ichi plant this year".^[2] Following the Fukushima nuclear disaster, there have been questions raised about whether the Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency has been fulfilling its function as an industry regulator, and whether it should continue to exist.^[3][4]

The Asahi newspaper has reported that the government plans to merge the Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency with the Nuclear Safety Commission, to create a new nuclear safety agency, under the environment ministry, by April 2012.^[2]

On the 5th of August, the minister of Industry Banri Kaieda announced that an independent panel had started to examine the allegations that NISA repeatedly tried to influence public symposiums on the use of nuclear energy. This after the confessions of the electric power companies Chubu and Shikoku, that they both had - on instructions by NISA - lined up participants and requested that they ask prearranged questions in favor of nuclear power. The panel would also find out whether other companies might be involved in likewise dubious conduct. The task force was asked to propose a set of guidelines on to what extent the government should be involved in organizing public symposiums. ^[5]

In an attempt to clean up and to ease the media, the trade and industry minister, Banri Kaieda announced it is to sack three senior nuclear policy officials: the shakeup would involve three senior officials: the head of the Energy Agency, the head of the Nuclear Industrial Safety Agency and a vice-minister at the trade and industry ministry. "We want to refresh and revitalise the ministry," Kaieda said. The three posts are under his supervision. ^[6]

On Friday 12 August 2011, the Japanese Cabinet decided to separate the NISA from the Ministry of Industry. Because this ministry was too much involved with promoting nuclear energy. The new nuclear watchdog would function directly under the Ministry of Environment. This was done as part of efforts to review the country's current nuclear administration following the Fukushima nuclear accident. At the same time NISA will merge with the Nuclear Safety Commission, that until that moment functioned under the jurisdiction of the Cabinet Office, and the Ministry of Education and Science. The Environment Ministry had been involved already in the disposal of radiation-contaminated debris around the damaged Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant. The new agency was to be launched in April 2012. ^[7]

Documents, obtained by an important Japanse newspaper, The Mainichi Daily News, after many official information requests, showed that the Japan Nuclear Energy Safety Organization (JNES) copied an inspection manual from an original provided by a supplier of fuel-rods: Global Nuclear Fuel Japan Co. This very company was subject to JNES investigations. The faulty manual was copied almost completely, even the layout was not altered, and the errors in it were missed. At first JNES deputy head of inspections Masaharu Kudo told the nwspaper: "we do receive data (from Global Nuclear Fuel), but of course we don't use it as-is. The JNES checks the data and produces its own manual as well." After two official requests the newspaper received the originals the JNES manual and the documents of Global Nuclear Fuel document, Kudo did admit that the documents were indeed identical, but he could see any problem, because JNES and the nuclear fuel firm need to consult each other about the inspection procedures. "The JNES would have no access to the necessary data without the nuclear fuel maker, so we ask them to cooperate," Kudo continued. "It wouldn't be impossible for the JNES to draw up the manuals independently, but if we tried we'd be at it all day." The inspection procedures were obtained from Global Nuclear Fuel in September 2008, and on 18 December 2009 JNES inspected the fuel that was meant for the Higashidori nuclear plant, the manual used was copied directly from the Global Nuclear Fuel documents. Furthermore, JNES staff noticed later that the minimum fuel rod length already reported to the government was 3 to 5 centimeters longer than the value listed in both the inspection manual and the Global Nuclear Fuel draft procedures. The staff had not looked into the manual, but compared the rod with another rod, before all rods were certified. In February 2009 the error in the manual was found. Just before the certification was reported to the government. Later JNES found that it had made the same mistake three times before with the inspections of fuel-rods produced by Global Nuclear Fuel. The examiners failed to notice the mistakes as they did not closely check the manual beforehand. NISA said JNES was ordered to make the corrections needed and also to improve its screening procedures.^{[8] [9] [10]}

On 4 November 2011 the Japan Nuclear Energy Safety Organization (JNES) said, that an independent committee would be formed to investigate how the inspection protocols were compiled. This commission would be selected form legal experts, known for a cautious approach to nuclear policies. The more than 5 members were asked ro make a report and finish it by the end of year 2011. Other facts to be looked into:

• in 2009 the Hitachi Zosen Corporation did not conduct the necessary tests on a uranium enrichment facility run by Japan Nuclear Fuel Ltd. in Rokkasho, in the prefecture Aomori.
• in 2009 and 2010 JNES failed to perform proper inspections at the Oi Nuclear Power Plant, because JNES had not found the mistakes in the inspection documents. ^[11]

See also

• Nuclear power in Japan
• 2011 Japanese nuclear accidents
• Japanese reaction to Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster
• Japanese nuclear incidents

References

1. ^ Martin Fackler (June 1, 2011). "Report Finds Japan Underestimated Tsunami Danger". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/02/world/asia/02japan.html?_r=1&ref=world. 
2. ^ ^{a b} Tsuyoshi Inajima (August 3, 2011). "Japan May Create New Nuclear Watchdog by April, Asahi Reports". Bloomberg. http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-08-03/japan-may-create-new-nuclear-watchdog-by-april-asahi-reports.html. 
3. ^ Satoshi Yamada, Tatsuo Nakajima and Koichi Yasuda (July 31, 2011). "Nuclear safety agency's reputation on rocks". Daily Yomuiri Online. http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/dy/national/T110730003241.htm. 
4. ^ "Japan’s leader rips nuclear regulators". The Boston Globe. August 1, 2011. http://www.boston.com/news/world/asia/articles/2011/08/01/japans_leader_rips_nuclear_regulators/. 
5. ^ Jaif (5 August 2011) Utilities to be probed for influence peddling
6. ^ Gardian (5 August 2011) Japan to fire top nuclear officials over Fukushima crisis
7. ^ Jaif (August 13 2011) Japan puts nuke watchdog under Environment Mininistry
8. ^ NHK-world (3 November 2011) Shortcomings in nuclear safety assessment found
9. ^ The Mainichi Daily News (2 November 2011) Nuclear safety body used inspection criteria drafted by nuclear fuel firm
10. ^ JAIF (3 November 2011)Earthquake-report 255
11. ^ The Mainichi Daily News (5 November 2011) Nuclear safety body to form third-party committee to investigate inspection methods

External links

• Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency - English language website
• Japan Nuclear Energy Drive Compromised by Conflicts of Interest, Jason Clenfield and Shigeru Sato, 13 December 2007, Bloomberg