Dipropanoylmorphine

Dipropanoylmorphine
Dipropanoylmorphine
Systematic (IUPAC) name
(5α,6α)-7,8-Didehydro- 4,5-epoxy- 17-methylmorphinan- 3,6-dipropionate
Clinical data
Pregnancy cat.  ?
Legal status  ? (UK) Schedule I (US)
Identifiers
CAS number 10589-79-4
ATC code None
PubChem CID 165894
ChemSpider 20053814 YesY
Synonyms Dipropanoylmorphine, Dipropionylmorphine
Chemical data
Formula C23H27NO5 
Mol. mass 397.464 g/mol
SMILES eMolecules & PubChem
 YesY(what is this?)  (verify)

Dipropanoylmorphine (Dipropionylmorphine in U.S. English) is an opiate derivative, the 3,6-dipropanoyl ester of morphine. It was developed in 1974 as an analgesic.[1] It is rarely used in some countries for the relief of severe pain such as that caused by terminal cancer, as an alternative to diamorphine (heroin) and morphine.

Dipropanoylmorphine, though rarely used, is considered to be a safer and less addictive alternative to morphine. Studies and clinical trials comparing dipropanoylmorphine to morphine have produced results that indicate the incidence of side-effects are far more common with morphine. Respiratory depression, euphoria, excessive sedation and somnolence (so-called 'nodding' by opiate abusers), constipation, miosis (pinpoint pupils), nausea, bradycardia, behavioral disturbances, and severe physical and psychological dependence on morphine is more likely with the use of morphine versus dipropanoylmorphine.

Dipropanoylmorphine is slightly slower acting than diamorphine and morphine, but longer lasting, and is slightly more potent by weight due to its higher lipophilicity.[2] Side effects are generally relatively mild for an opioid with a similar profile to morphine/heroin and typical of other opioids. The most common side effects associated with dipropanoylmorphine are itching, nausea and respiratory depression.

Dipropanoylmorphine is prepared by reacting morphine with propionic anhydride, in an analogous manner to how heroin is produced by reacting morphine with acetic anhydride.

While acetic anhydride is a restricted chemical around the world due to its potential uses in making heroin from morphine for the illicit market, it is used in vast amounts by the chemical industry for the manufacture of drugs such as aspirin. Propanoic anhydride however is much less widely used. Although it is used in the manufacture of a range of pharmaceuticals, none of these are produced in nearly as large quantities, and sales of propanoic anhydride in quantities larger than one gram must be reported in many countries because of its potential use in making fentanyl type synthetic opiates.

References

  1. ^ May EL, Jacobson AE. "Chemistry and pharmacology of homologs of 6-acetyl-and 3,6-diacetylmorphine." Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 1977 Feb;66(2):285-6. PMID 402470
  2. ^ Owen JA, Nakatsu K. "Morphine diesters. II. Blood metabolism and analgesic activity in the rat." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. 1984 Apr;62(4):452-6. PMID 6733592
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