Ulmus laciniata var. nikkoensis

Ulmus laciniata var. nikkoensis
Acc. 180-84-1 at Morton Arboretum
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Division:	Magnoliophyta
Class:	Magnoliopsida
Order:	Rosales
Family:	Ulmaceae
Genus:	Ulmus
Species:	U. laciniata
Trinomial name
Ulmus laciniata var. nikkoensis Rehder

The Manchurian or Laciniate Elm Ulmus laciniata variety nikkoensis Rehder, commonly known as the Nikko Elm, was discovered as a seedling near Lake Chuzenji, near Nikkō, Japan, and obtained by the Arnold Arboretum in 1905.^[1] The taxonomy of the tree remains a matter of contention, and has been considered possibly a hybrid of U. laciniata and U. davidiana var. japonica. However, in crossability experiments at the Arnold Arboretum in the 1970s, U. laciniata, a protogynous species, was found to be incompatible with U. davidiana var. japonica, which is protandrous.^[2]

Significantly, the variety was not recognized by Ohwi,^[3] though his reasons are not clear.

Description

var. nikkoensis leaves

'Nikkoensis' is a small tree; the specimen at the Morton Arboretum likened to a cherry tree.^[4] The tree is chiefly distinguished by leaves which are red on emergence, and toothed but not lobed as in the species. The perfect apetalous wind-pollinated flowers appear in March in England.

Pests and diseases

Heybroek found the tree provided 'relatively resistant' (to DED) progeny in the Dutch elm breeding programme. ^[1]

Cultivation

There are no known cultivars of this taxon, nor is it known to be in commerce beyond the USA.

Etymology

Var. nikkoensis is named for the Nikkō National Park near the city of Nikkō, 125 km north of Tokyo.

Accessions

North America

• Arnold Arboretum. Acc. no. 17908, collected wild in Japan.
• Dawes Arboretum,^[5] Newark, Ohio. 2 trees, no acc. details available.
• Morton Arboretum. Acc. no. 180-84, received 28 February 1978 as scions from Arnold Arboretum (their accession #17908-D); 9 m tall in 2006.^[6]

Europe

• Grange Farm Arboretum, Sutton St James, Spalding, Lincolnshire, England. Acc. no. 515

Nurseries

North America

• Sunshine Nursery,^[7] Clinton, Oklahoma

References

1. ^ ^{a b} Heybroek, H. M. (1981). The Japanese elm species and their value for the Dutch elm breeding program. Proceedings of the Dutch Elm Disease symposium and workshop. October 5–9, 1981, Winnipeg, Manitoba. pp 78-90
2. ^ Hans, A. S. (1981). Compatibility and Crossability Studies in Ulmus. Silvae Genetica 30, 4 - 5 (1981).
3. ^ Ohwi, J. (1965) Flora of Japan. Smithsonian Institution
4. ^ Grimshaw, J. & Bayton, R. New Trees - Recent Introductions to Cultivation. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London. ISBN 9781842461730
5. ^ http://www.dawesarb.org/collectionsgardens/plant-search.asp
6. ^ http://www.cirrusimage.com/tree_Nikko_Elm.htm
7. ^ http://www.sunshinenursery.com/catalogue.htm