Hackensack Plank Road

On Shippen Street off of Hackensack Plank Road.

The Hackensack Plank Road was a major artery which connected the cities of Hoboken and Hackensack, New Jersey Like its cousin routes, the Newark Plank Road and Paterson Plank Road, it travelled over Bergen Hill and across the Hackensack Meadows from the Hudson River waterfront to the city for which it is named. It was originally built as a colonial turnpike road as Hackensack and Hoboken Turnpike^[1] The route of which mostly still exists today with some segments called another earlier name, The Bergen Turnpike (the company receiving its charter on November 30, 1802^[2]). It was during the 19th century that plank roads were developed, often by private companies which charged a toll. As the name suggests, wooden boards were laid on a roadbed in order to prevent horse-drawn carriages and wagons from sinking into softer ground on the portions of the road that passed through marshes.

Hoboken and North Hudson

Today there is little or nothing to be seen of the plank road in Hoboken, the urban grid of the city having expanded westward across landfilled marshes, though the alignment would be at Clinton Street in the city's northwest quarter. The route begins today in lower Weehawken at the town line and rail tracks now used by the Hudson Bergen Light Rail. A short street connects it to Willow Avenue, which functions as a local entrance to the Lincoln Tunnel. The only segment that retains the name Hackensack Plank Road (and locally called the High Road), ascends the face of the Hudson Palisades to Weehawken Heights and upon reaching the top is designated County Route 691. It travels on a northwest diagonal across Union City as 32nd Street, passing over the Lincoln Tunnel Approach and Helix, intersecting Bergenline Avenue, and creating the terminus of Summit Avenue. Crossing Kennedy Boulevard at Schuetzen Park it enters North Bergen, New Jersey, and as Bergen Turnpike descends to pass Weehawken Cemetery, Palisade Cemetery, and near the site of the colonial-era Three Pigeons joins Tonnelle Ave.^[3] There the route heads north through New Durham and Bergenwood between the western slope the of the palisades and the border of what has become the New Jersey Meadowlands District.^[4][5] The portion called Hackensack Plank Road is one of few road which travel along the face of the Hudson Palisades escarpment, other being the Paterson Plank Road, the Wing Viaduct, Pershing Road, and Bulls Ferry Road. It is joined at its midpoint by what some have called the Lombard Street of the East Coast, Shippen Street, which has double hairpin turn descending to the plank road.^[6] A similar street, Mountain Road, is a single hairpin between Jersey City Heights and Hoboken.

In 1854, Nicholas Goelz and Peter Melcher changed the starting point of their stage coaches from West Hoboken, to the new settlement of Union Hill, north of West Hoboken, in order to meet the demand created by that new settlement, and used the Hackensack Plank Road as the route to the Hoboken ferry.^[7]

Fairview and The Ridgefields

Crossing the Bergen line at the Fairview Cemetery, the road becomes County Route S124 and is named Broad Street. In Ridgefield the route travels west on Hendricks Causeway. A short stretch, Motel Avenue, connects it Bergen Turnpike which crosses Overpeck Creek into Ridgefield Park, where it ends at the river at the site of ferry landing and bridge, neither of which any longer exists.^[8]

Little Ferry and Hackensack

Little Ferry takes it name from a colonial river crossing of the Hackensack River. In 1828, the first bridge over the Hackensack River was built. A wooden structure, it was replaced at the turn of the 20th century by the bridge which still stood before the erection of the present span. It was necessary to pay tolls on both the bridge and Bergen Turnpike until the start of the World War. In 1915, the Board of Chosen Freeholders took over the entire stretch of roadway from Fairview to Main Street, Hackensack. Public Service later became the owners of the bridge and retained the right of way along the turnpike for the operation of its trolleys. In 1934, after the present structure was completed the old historic bridge was torn down despite efforts of the local government and residents of Little Ferry to have it remain. Through the town the route retains the name Bergen Turnpike and its designation of County Route 124.^[9] At the city line, it becomes Hudson Street, where it continues north into downtown Hackensack, ending at the Bergen County Court House. Nearby is The Green, site of the colonial First Reformed Dutch Church and heart of the colonial city.^[8][10]

See also

• U.S. Roads portal
• New Jersey portal
• Jersey City and Bergen Point Plank Road
• List of turnpikes in New Jersey
• New Jersey Route 18N

References

1. ^ Unofficial New Jersey Route Log
2. ^ Laws of the State of New Jersey, 1811, pp. 337-340
3. ^ "Hudson County 691 straight line diagram" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Transportation. http://www.state.nj.us/transportation/refdata/sldiag/09000691__-.pdf. Retrieved 2009-08-23. 
4. ^ Hudson County New Jersey Street Map. Hagstrom Map Company, Inc. 2008. ISBN 0-88097-763-9. 
5. ^ North Hudson 1884 map
6. ^ Shippen Street
7. ^ Twentieth Anniversary 1919 - 1939 West Hoboken Post No. 14 Union City, New Jersey; The American Legion; Department of New Jersey; Page 31
8. ^ ^{a b} Bergen County Route 124
9. ^ "The little ferry". The Bergen Evening Record. September 20, 1944. 
10. ^ "Bergen County 124 straight line diagram" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Transportation. http://www.state.nj.us/transportation/refdata/sldiag/09000124__-.pdf. Retrieved 2009-08-23. ^{[dead link]}

Coordinates: 40°45′44″N 74°01′35″W / 40.762259°N 74.026372°W / 40.762259; -74.026372