Cutout animation

Cutout animation is a technique for producing animations using flat characters, props and backgrounds cut from materials such as paper, card, stiff fabric or even photographs. The world's earliest known animated feature films were cutout animations (made in Argentina by Quirino Cristiani); as is the world's earliest surviving animated feature.

Today, cutout-style animation is frequently produced using computers, with scanned images or vector graphics taking the place of physically cut materials. The TV series South Park is a notable example (though the first episode was made with actual paper cutouts) as are Angela Anaconda and more recently, Charlie and Lola. South Park is now made with Maya and Corel Draw. One of the most famous animators still using traditional cutout animation today is Yuriy Norshteyn.

Examples of cutout animation

For more examples, see the List of stop-motion films.

Feature films

• The Adventures of Prince Achmed by Lotte Reiniger (from 1926) was a silhouette animation using armatured cutouts and backgrounds which were variously painted or composed of blown sand and even soap.
• Thieves of Baghdad by Noburo Ofuji (from 1926) was also an early example of cutout animation, by animating chiyogami (Japanese colored paper) cut-outs.^[1]
• No. 12, also known as Heaven and Earth Magic by Harry Everett Smith, completed in 1962, utilizes cut-out illustrations culled from 19th century catalogs.
• The Soviet films Lefty (1964) and Go There, Don't Know Where (1966).
• René Laloux's early films made use of armatured cutouts, while his first feature Fantastic Planet is a rare example of unarmatured cutout animation.
• The feature films of Karel Zeman (Czechoslovakia) combined cutout animation and landscapes with live actors.
• The opening sequence of L'Armata Brancaleone (1966), a film by Italian director Mario Monicelli, features cutout animation, made by the Italian Emanuele Luzzati.
• Twice Upon a Time (1983), an animated movie directed by John Korty and produced by George Lucas, uses a form of cutout animation, which the filmmakers called "Lumage," that involved prefabricated cut-out plastic pieces that the animators moved on a light table.
• South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut (1999) uses computer animation and flash to imitate cutout animation.

Other

• Monty Python's Flying Circus is famous for its cutout animated sequences created by Terry Gilliam.
• The animated short Le merle by Norman McLaren (1958) used white cut-outs on pastel backgrounds to animate the French folksong "Mon Merle."^[2]
• The animated short How Death Came to Earth by Ishu Patel (1971).
• The Miracle of Flight, a short film by Terry Gilliam
• Kihachirō Kawamoto, primarily a puppet animator, made two cutout films: Tabi (1973) and Shijin no Shôgai (1974).
• Angela Anaconda combined black-and-white photographs with cutout-style CGI animation.
• South Park used construction paper cutouts in its first episode before switching to Power Animator. Season 5 they started using Maya.
• The children's show Blue's Clues uses cutout animation to animate many of its characters.
• Pigeon Street
• The TV series of Lauren Child's Charlie and Lola uses a complex combination of photographic and drawn elements to imitate the collage style of the books.
• Joel Veitch uses SWF cutout animation style on his website Rathergood.com.
• Strange frame relies primarily on an innovative cutout style combined with both traditional and 3D elements.
• The humour animation site JibJab primarily uses cutout animation from photographs.
• Pre-1997 episodes of Captain Pugwash on BBC1.
• Outer Space Astronauts uses a similar technique to blend live-action and computer-generated layers in its unique animation style.
• King Rollo was a children's character created by David McKee in 1979
• Nothing on You the music video use cutout animation.
• Pressure (Skindred song) the music video uses cutout animation
• The intro and outro themes of Charlie Chalk.
• The 1960 Famous Studios Modern Madcap cartoon Bouncing Benny.

References

1. ^ Armen Boudjikanian (February 26, 2008). "Early Japanese Animation: As Innovative as Contemporary Anime". Frames Per Second Magazine. http://www.fpsmagazine.com/blog/2008/02/early-japanese-animation-as-innovative.php. Retrieved 2008-05-05. 
2. ^ McLaren, Norman (1958). "Le merle". NFB.ca. National Film Board of Canada. http://www.nfb.ca/film/le_merle. Retrieved 2009-08-31.