Inbetweening

Inbetweening

Inbetweening or tweening is the process of generating intermediate frames between two images to give the appearance that the first image evolves smoothly into the second image. Inbetweens are the drawings between the key frames which help to create the illusion of motion. Inbetweening is a key process in all types of animation, including computer animation.

Contents

In digital animation

This animated GIF demonstrates the effects of Adobe Flash shape, motion and color tweening.

When animating in a digital context, especially with Adobe Flash, the shortened term tweening is commonly used. Sophisticated animation software enables one to identify specific objects in an image and define how they should move and change during the tweening process. Software may be used to manually render or adjust transitional frames by hand or may be used to automatically render transitional frames using interpolation of graphic parameters. In the context of Adobe Flash, inbetweening using automatic interpolation is called tweening, and the resulting sequence of frames is called a tween.

"Ease-in" and "ease-out" in digital animation typically refer to a mechanism for defining the physics of the transition between two animation states, i.e., the linearity of a tween.[1]

The use of computers for inbetweening was pioneered by Nestor Burtnyk and Marceli Wein at the National Research Council of Canada. They received a Technical Achievement Academy Award in 1997, for "pioneering work in the development of software techniques for computer assisted key framing for character animation".[2]

In traditional animation

Traditional inbetweening involves the use of light tables to draw a set of pencil-on-paper pictures.

In the inbetweening workflow of traditional hand-drawn animation, the senior or key artist would draw the keyframes which define the movement, then, after testing and approval of the rough animation, would hand over the scene to his or her assistant. The assistant does the clean-up and the necessary inbetweens, or, in large studios, only some breakdowns which define the movement in more detail, then handing down the scene to his assistant, the inbetweener who does the rest.

Frame frequency

Animation "on twos" dates to the dawn of animation, being used for instance in Fantasmagorie (1908)

Typically, an animator does not draw inbetweens for all 24 frames required for one second of film. Only very fast movements require animation "on ones", as it is called. Most movements can be done with 12 drawings per second, which is called animating "on twos". Too few inbetweens distort the illusion of movement, such as in cheap TV animation series where there can be as few as 4 drawings for a second of film. Computer generated animation is usually animated on ones. The decision about the number of inbetweens is also an artistic one, as certain styles of animation require a not-so-smooth fashion of movement. Animation "on twos" dates to the dawn of animation – Fantasmagorie (1908), widely considered the first fully animated movie, was animated on twos.

See also

References

External links


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужна курсовая?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • inbetweening — noun tweening …   Wiktionary

  • Tweening — Tweening, short for in betweening, is the process of generating intermediate frames between two images to give the appearance that the first image evolves smoothly into the second image. Inbetweens are the drawings between the keyframes which… …   Wikipedia

  • Fensler Films — is a Chicago based company, headed by Eric Fensler, which gained a reputation for their parody G.I. Joe PSA films. Fensler Films took the PSA/Safety Messages used at the end of every episode of the 1980s animated series G.I. Joe, re cut them, in… …   Wikipedia

  • Computer animation — Further information: Animation and Computer generated imagery An example of computer animation which is produced in the motion capture technique Computer animation is the process used for generating animated images by using computer… …   Wikipedia

  • Modern animation in the United States — History of animation in the United States Animation in the United States during the silent era Golden Age of American animation …   Wikipedia

  • Flip the Frog — is an animated cartoon character created by American cartoonist Ub Iwerks. He starred in a series of cartoons produced by Celebrity Pictures and distributed through Metro Goldwyn Mayer from 1930 to 1933. The series had many recurring characters… …   Wikipedia

  • Motion capture — Motion capture, motion tracking, or mocap are terms used to describe the process of recording movement and translating that movement on to a digital model. It is used in military, entertainment, sports, and medical applications, and for… …   Wikipedia

  • List of computer-animated films — A computer animated film commonly refers to feature films that have been computer animated to appear three dimensional on a movie screen. While traditional 2D animated films are now done primarily with the help of computers, the technique to… …   Wikipedia

  • Clay animation — or claymation is one of many forms of stop motion animation. Each animated piece, either character or background, is deformable made of a malleable substance, usually Plasticine clay. Characters in the animated series From Il ich to Kuzmich …   Wikipedia

  • Traditional animation — Digital ink redirects here. For the display technology, see electronic paper. Traditional animation, (or classical animation, cel animation, or hand drawn animation) is an animation technique where each frame is drawn by hand. The technique was… …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”