Circular

Circular is a basic geometric shape such as a Circle.

Circular may also refer to:

Documents

• Circular note, a document request by a bank to its foreign correspondents to pay a specified sum of money to a named person
• Flyer (pamphlet), sometimes referred to as a circular, is a notice sent out in large quantities
• Government circular, a written statement of government policy
• Circular letter (disambiguation), multiple meanings
• List of circulars, multiple documents

Travel and transportation

• Circular journey, an excursion in which the final destination is the same as the starting point
• Central Circular Route (Shuto Expressway), a route of the Shuto Expressway system serving the central part of the Greater Tokyo Area
• Circular Line (TRTS), a medium-capacity rapid transit line in Taipei, Taiwan
• Crewe and Nantwich Circular Walk, a walking circuit around the towns of Crewe and Nantwich in Cheshire, England
• Inner Circular Route (Shuto Expressway), a route of the Shuto Expressway system serving the central part of the Greater Tokyo Area
• Karachi Circular Railway, a Mass Transport System for the city of Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
• Kolkata Circular Railway, a railway line that encircles the entire city of Kolkata
• Yangon Circular Railway, the commuter rail network operated by Myanmar Railways that serves the Yangon metropolitan area

Places

• Circular Quay ferry wharf, the complex of the main commuter wharves in Circular Quay in Sydney, Australia
• Circular Quay railway station, a CityRail station located in Sydney, Australia and is situated on the City Circle line
• Circular Quay, a location in Sydney, Australia
• Penha Circular, a suburb in the north of Rio de Janeiro
• Ponte Pedonal Circular (Aveiro), a bridge in Portugal located in Aveiro District
• Circular Head Council, a Local Government Area of Tasmania
• Circular Kinopanorama a cinema in Moscow which plays a cinema presentation on a circular screen with a horizontal 360° view

Anatomy

• Circular fibers, also known as the Iris sphincter muscle, is a muscle in the part of the eye called the iris
• Circular folds, large valvular flaps projecting into the lumen of the bowel
• Circular sulcus of insula, a deep circular sulcus surrounds the insula

Archaeology

• Circular Congregational Church and Parish House, a church in Charleston, South Carolina
• Circular Congregational Church, a church located in Charleston, South Carolina that was founded in 1681
• Circular ditches, prehistoric arrangements known to archaeologists that are have been found in Germany, Austria and Slovakia, and the Czech Republic

Architecture

• Circular Tower, one of the three Azrieli center skyscrapers located in Tel Aviv, Israel
• Circular window, a feature of classical architecture since the 16th century
• Circular rampart, an embankment built in the shape of a circle

Biology

• Circular bacterial chromosome, the bacterial chromosome contained in a circular DNA molecule
• Circular crab, a medium-sized crab found in the Mediterranean Sea and other places
• Circular DNA, a form of DNA that is found in bacteria and archaea
• Circular saw shell, a large sea snail of the family Turbinidae
• Circular stingaree, is a species of fish in the Urolophidae family that is endemic to Australia

Computer sciences and programming

• Circular buffer, a data structure that uses a single, fixed-size buffer as if it were connected end-to-end
• Circular convolution
• Circular dependency, in software engineering, a relation between two or more modules which either directly or indirectly depend on each other to function properly
• Circular list, a linked list in which all nodes are linked in a continuous circle without using null
• Circular wait, one of the conditions necessary for deadlock to occur
• Meta-circular evaluator, a special case of a self-interpreter in which the existing facilities of the parent interpreter are directly applied to the source code being interpreted

Geometry

• Circle, a basic geometric shape
• Circular algebraic curve, a type of plane algebraic curve
• Circular cone, a three-dimensional geometric shape that tapers smoothly from a circular base to the apex
• Circular cylinder, a basic curvilinear geometric shapes
• Circular mil, a unit of area equal to the area of a circle with a diameter of one thousandth of an inch
• Circular paraboloid, an elliptic paraboloid
• Circular points at infinity, a term used in projective geometry
• Circular sector, is the portion of a circle enclosed by two radii and an arc
• Circular segment, the area of a circle which is "cut off" from the rest of the circle by a secant or a chord
• Circular surface, a term used in differential geometry
• Trigonometric functions, also called circular functions, are functions of an angle

Graph theory

• Circular coloring, a refinement of usual graph coloring
• Circular graph, a graph that consists of some number of vertices connected in a closed chain
• Circular-arc graph, a circular-arc graph is the intersection graph of a set of arcs on the circle

General Mathematics

• Circular coordinates, a two-dimensional coordinate system in which each point on a plane is determined by a distance from a fixed point and an angle from a fixed direction
• Circular number, a number whose square "ends" in the same digits as number itself
• Circular ordering, a term used in combinatorial mathematics
• Circular permutation, a permutation built from one or more sets of elements in cyclic order
• Circular shift, in combinatorial mathematics, the operation of rearranging the entries in a tuple
• Mean of circular quantities, a mean of circular quantities

Philosophy

• Circular cause and consequence, a logical fallacy where the consequence of the phenomenon is claimed to be its root cause
• Circular definition, a definition that assumes a prior understanding of the term being defined
• Circular reasoning, a logical fallacy in which the proposition to be proved is assumed in one of the premises
• Circular reference, a series of references where the last object references the first, resulting in a closed loop
• Circular reporting, (also known as “false confirmation”), a situation where a piece of information appears to come from multiple independent sources, but in fact is coming from only one source

Physics

• Circular dichroism, refers to the differential absorption of left and right circularly polarized light
• Circular ensemble, in the theory of random matrices, it is a measures on spaces of unitary matrices
• Circular motion, a rotation along a circle
• Circular orbit, the orbit of any point of an object rotating around a fixed axis
• Circular polarization, a polarization where the tip of the electric field vector describes a circle as time progresses.
• Circular polarizer, used to create circularly polarized light
• Circular symmetry, in mathematical physics applies to a 2-dimensional field which can be expressed as a function of distance from a central point only
• Circular wavenumber, in physical sciences, a property of a wave proportional to the reciprocal of the wavelength
• Uniform circular motion and Non-uniform circular motion, terms used to describe the motion of a body traversing a circular path

Statistics

• Circular normal distribution, in probability theory and directional statistics, a continuous probability distribution on the circle
• Circular uniform distribution, in probability theory and directional statistics, a probability distribution on the unit circle whose density is uniform for all angles
• Circular error probable, an intuitive measure of a weapon system's accuracy

Entertainment, fictional literature and music

• Circular (album), a studio album released by Spanish singer Vega in 2006
• Circular Reasoning Records, a sub-label of the independent record label Charnel Music
• Circular temperament, a type of tempered tuning described in 20th-century music theory
• Circular Time, a British audio drama based on the long-running science fiction television series Doctor Who
• The Circular Ruins, a fantasy short story by Argentine writer and poet Jorge Luis Borges
• Circular chain dance, also called a Circle dance, a style of traditional dance usually done in a circle without partners

Other

• Circular Head Football Association, an Australian rules football competition held in Tasmania, Australia
• Circular Quay (horse), a thoroughbred racehorse who was a 2007 Kentucky Derby contender
• Circular saw bench, a woodworking tool that consists of a circular saw blade, mounted on an arbor, that is driven by an electric motor
• Circular saw, a spinning tool with saw teeth used for cutting wood or other materials
• Circular transactions controversy, a 2008 Irish accounting scandal that triggered series of incidents which led to the eventual nationalisation of the Anglo Irish Bank
• Intermediate circular orbit, is the region of space around the Earth above low Earth orbit and below geostationary orbit
• Circular gear, a rotating machine part having cut teeth, or cogs, which mesh with another toothed part in order to transmit torque.
• Semi-circular kick, a form of roundhouse kick used in kick-boxing

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