- Michael L. Gernhardt
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Michael Landon Gernhardt 
NASA Astronaut Nationality American Status Active Born May 4, 1956
Mansfield, OhioOther occupation Bioengineer Time in space 43d 07h 01m Selection 1992 NASA Group Missions STS-69, STS-83, STS-94, STS-104, Mission insignia 
Michael Landon Gernhardt (Ph.D.) (born May 4, 1956, in Mansfield, Ohio) is a NASA astronaut and manager of Environmental Physiology Laboratory and principal investigator of the Prebreathe Reduction Program (PRP) at the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center.[1]
Contents
Personal
He enjoys running, swimming, flying, fishing, and scuba diving.[1] His father, George M. Gernhardt is deceased. His mother, Suzanne C. Winters, resides in Whitestone, Virginia.[1]
Education
- 1974 Graduated from Malabar High School, Mansfield, Ohio
- 1978 Received a Bachelor of science degree in Physics from Vanderbilt University in 1978
- 1983 Received a Master of science degree and a doctorate in bioengineering from University of Pennsylvania
- 1991 Received a doctorate in bioengineering from University of Pennsylvania
Organizations
- American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA)
- Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society
- Sea Space Symposium
- Aerospace Medical Association.
Undersea career
From 1977 to 1984, Gernhardt worked as a professional diver and project engineer on a variety of subsea oil field construction and repair projects around the world.[1] He has logged over 700 deep sea dives and has experience in air, mixed gas, bounce bell and saturation diving.[1] During his diving career Gernhardt attended graduate school at the University of Pennsylvania and developed a new theoretical based on tissue gas bubble dynamics.[2] He then participated in the development and field implementation of a variety of new decompression tables. From 1984 to 1988, Gernhardt worked as Manager and then Vice President of Special Projects for Oceaneering International. During this time he led the development of a telerobotic system for subsea platform cleaning and inspection as well as a variety of new diver and robot tools.[3] In 1988 he founded Oceaneering Space Systems, a company formed to transfer subsea technology and operational experience to the ISS program.[1][3] From 1988 until his selection by NASA in 1992, he worked on the development of new astronaut and robot-compatible tools for performing maintenance on Space Station Freedom.[3] He also worked on the development of new portable life support systems and decompression procedures for extra-vehicular activity.[3]
NASA career
At NASA, Gernhardt reported to the Johnson Space Center in August 1992. His technical assignments to date include:[1]
- Flight software verification in the Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory (SAIL)
- Development of nitrox diving to support training for the Hubble Space Telescope repair and on a variety of Space Station EVA developments[4][5]
- Member of the astronaut support team at Kennedy Space Center, Florida, responsible for Shuttle prelaunch vehicle checkout, crew ingress/egress
- Spacecraft communicator (CAPCOM) at Mission Control Center, Houston, during various Shuttle missions
- Lead an international research team in developing a new exercise prebreathe protocol that improved the safety and efficiency of space walks from the ISS.[6]
Gernhardt presently serves as a member of the astronaut office EVA branch and as Principal Investigator of the Prebreathe Reduction Program and Manager of JSC’s Environmental Physiology Laboratory.[1]
A four-flight veteran, Dr. Gernhardt has logged over 43 days in space, including 4 spacewalks totaling 23 hours and 16 minutes. He was a mission specialist on STS-69 in 1995, STS-83 in 1997, STS-94 in 1997 and STS-104 in 2001.[1]
Gernhardt served as an aquanaut on the first NEEMO (NASA Extreme Environment Mission Operations) crew aboard the Aquarius underwater laboratory in October 2001.[7] In April 2005, he was the commander of the NEEMO 8 mission.[8][9]
Gernhardt drove the lunar rover prototype at President Barack Obama's inaugural parade on January 20, 2009.[10]
On September 19, 2011, NASA announced that Gernhardt would participate in the NEEMO 15 mission in October 2011 from the DeepWorker submersible. The DeepWorker is a small submarine used as an underwater stand-in for the Space Exploration Vehicle, which might someday be used to explore the surface of an asteroid.[11]
Spaceflight experience
STS-69 took place from September 7-September 18, 1995.[1] Its prime objective was the successful deployment and retrieval of a SPARTAN satellite and the Wake Shield Facility (WSF). The WSF was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of using this free-flying experiment to grow semiconductors, high temperature superconductors and other materials using the ultra-high vacuum created behind the spacecraft near the experiment package. Dr. Gernhardt was one of two astronauts to perform a spacewalk to evaluate future Space Station tools and hardware, logging 6 hours and 46 minutes of EVA. Mission duration was 260 hours, 29 minutes, and 8 seconds, traveling 4.5 million miles in 171 orbits of the Earth.
STS-83 took place from April 4-April 8, 1997.[1] This was the Microgravity Science Laboratory (MSL-1) Spacelab mission, was cut short because of problems with one of the Shuttle’s three fuel cell power generation units. Mission duration was 95 hours and 12 minutes, traveling 1.5 million miles in 63 orbits of the Earth.
STS-94 took place from July 1-July 17, 1997.[1] This was a re-flight of the Microgravity Science Laboratory (MSL-1) Spacelab mission, and focused on materials and combustion science research in microgravity. Mission duration was 376 hours and 45 minutes, traveling 6.3 million miles in 251 orbits of the Earth.
STS-104 took place from July 12-July 24, 2001.[1] This was the 10th mission to the International Space Station (ISS). During the 13-day flight the crew conducted joint operations with the Expedition-2 crew. Dr. Gernhardt was one of two astronauts to perform three spacewalks to install the joint airlock “Quest” (including the first US space walk from the ISS) and to outfit it with four high-pressure gas tanks. The mission was accomplished in 200 Earth orbits, traveling 5.3 million miles in 306 hours and 35 minutes.
Awards and honors
- NASA Space Flight Medals (4)
- NASA Exceptional Service Medals (2)
- NASA Exceptional Achievement Medal
- NASA Distinguished Service Medal
Michael L. Gernhardt gallery 
STS-69 crew
STS-83 crewSTS-94 crew
STS-104 crew
The pale blue Earth serves as a backdrop for astronaut Michael Gernhardt, who is attached to the Shuttle Endeavour's robot arm during a spacewalk on the STS-69 mission in 1995.
STS104-315-013 (12-24 July 2001) --- Holding onto the end effector of the Canadarm on the Space Shuttle Atlantis, astronaut Michael L. Gernhardt, STS-104 mission specialist, participates in one of three STS-104 space walks.
An all-star gathering of legendary American astronauts appeared in Cleveland August 29, 2008 to celebrate NASA's 50th anniversary.
First NASA Extreme Environment Mission Operations (NEEMO) expedition crew: From left to right, in front is Mike Lopez-Alegria and Bill Todd, in back is Mike Gernhardt and Dave Williams.Photos and captions by NASA References
This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m NASA. "Biographical Data: Michael L. Gernhardt (Ph.D.)". http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/gernhard.html. Retrieved 2008-08-28.
- ^ Gernhardt, ML (1991). "Development and Evaluation of a Decompression Stress Index Based on Tissue Bubble Dynamics.". Doctoral Dissertation (University of Pennsylvania Department of Bioengineering. Philadelphia, PA: Environmental Biomedical Stress Data Center, Institute for Environmental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania) EBSDC-IFEM Report No. 1-1-1991.. http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/7562. Retrieved 2008-08-29.
- ^ a b c d Frisbie, FR (1995). "Transfer of Technology & Capabilities Between The Offshore Underwater Industry and Space Based Industry". UnderWater Magazine. http://www.underwater.com/archives/arch/uw-fa95.06.htm. Retrieved 2008-08-28.
- ^ Fitzpatrick DT, Conkin J (2003). "Improved pulmonary function in working divers breathing nitrox at shallow depths". Undersea Hyperb Med abstract 30 (Supplement). http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/1273. Retrieved 2008-08-28.
- ^ Fitzpatrick DT, Conkin J (July 2003). "Improved pulmonary function in working divers breathing nitrox at shallow depths". Aviat Space Environ Med 74 (7): 763–7. PMID 12862332. http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/asma/asem/2003/00000074/00000007/art00011. Retrieved 2008-08-28.
- ^ Gernhardt, ML; Pollock, NW; Vann, RD; Natoli, MJ; Nishi, RY; Sullivan, PJ; Conkin, J; Dervay, JP; Moore, AD; Lee, S; Acock, K; Srinivasan, RS (2004). "Development of an in-suit exercise prebreathe protocol supporting extravehicular activity in microgravity". Undersea Hyperb Med abstract 31 (Supplement). http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/1417. Retrieved 2008-08-28.
- ^ NASA (March 21, 2006). "NASA - NEEMO History". National Aeronautics and Space Administration. http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/NEEMO/history.html. Retrieved 2011-09-19.
- ^ National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (May 18, 2010). "NEEMO 8". University of North Carolina Wilmington. http://aquarius.uncw.edu/archive/2005/04_2005/prof.htm. Retrieved 2011-09-23.
- ^ NASA (April 21, 2011). "Life Sciences Data Archive : Experiment". NASA. http://lsda.jsc.nasa.gov/scripts/mission/miss.cfm?mis_index=244. Retrieved 2011-09-22.
- ^ Borenstein, Seth (2009-01-08). "Moon buggy to debut in inaugural parade: Lunar rover is NASA's leading prototype for future moon mission". TODAYshow.com. http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/28565952/. Retrieved 2009-01-20.
- ^ NASA (September 19, 2011). "NASA - NASA Announces 15th Undersea Exploration Mission Date And Crew". NASA. http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2011/sep/HQ_11-309_NEEMO.html. Retrieved 2011-09-19.
External links
NASA Astronaut Group 14, "The Hogs", 1992 Pilots Mission Specialists Daniel T. Barry · Charles Brady · Catherine Coleman · Michael Gernhardt · John Grunsfeld · Wendy Lawrence · Jerry Linenger · Richard Linnehan · Michael Lopez-Alegria · Scott E. Parazynski · Winston Scott · Steven Smith · Joseph Tanner · Andy Thomas · Mary WeberInternational Mission Specialists Marc Garneau (Canada) · Chris Hadfield (Canada) · Maurizio Cheli (Italy) · Jean-François Clervoy (France) · Koichi Wakata (Japan)Categories:- 1956 births
- Living people
- American astronauts
- American medical researchers
- Aquanauts
- Decompression algorithms
- People from Mansfield, Ohio
- Underwater divers
- University of Pennsylvania alumni
- Vanderbilt University alumni
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