Nassarius

Nassarius
A live individual of Nassarius tiarula
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
(unranked):	clade Caenogastropoda clade Hypsogastropoda clade Neogastropoda
Superfamily:	Buccinoidea
Family:	Nassariidae
Subfamily:	Nassariinae
Genus:	Nassarius Dumeril, 1806
Type species
Nassarius (Nassarius) arcularius arcularius Linnaeus, C., 1758
Species
See text
Synonyms[1]
Nassa Lamarck, 1799 (Invalid: junior homonym of Nassa Röding, 1798) Amycla H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 Amyclina Iredale, 1918 Arcularia Link, 1807 Arculia Jousseaume, 1888 Alectrion Montfort, 1810 Austronassaria C. Laeron & J. Laseron, 1956 Bathynassa Ladd, 1976 Chelenassa Shuto, 1969 Cryptonassarius Cernohorsky, 1975 Eione Risso, 1826 Fackia Nordsieck, 1972 Glabrinassa Shuto, 1969 Hima Leach in Gray, 1852 Hinia Leach in Gray, 1847 Ilyanassa Stimpson, 1865 Mirua Marwick, 1931 Nasa Fleming, 1828 Nassa Lamarck, 1799 (Invalid: junior homonym of Nassa Röding, 1798) Nassarius (Hinia) Gray, 1847 Nassarius (Aciculina) Adams, 1853 Nassarius (Adinopsis) Odhner, 1923 Nassarius (Alectrion) Montfort , 1810 Nassarius (Arcularia) Link, 1807 Nassarius (Caesia) H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 Nassarius (Catillon) Addicott, 1965 Nassarius (Cyclope) Risso, 1826 Nassarius (Gussonea) Monterosato, 1912 Nassarius (Hima) Gray, 1852 ex Leach, ms. Nassarius (Hinia) Gray, 1847 Nassarius (Ilyanassa) Stimpson, 1865 Nassarius (Nanarius) Woodring, 1964 Nassarius (Nassodonta) H. Adams, 1867 Nassarius (Naytia) H. Adams & A. Adams 1853 Nassarius (Naytiopsis) Thiele, 1929 Nassarius (Niotha) H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 Nassarius (Pallacera) Woodring, 1964 Nassarius (Phrontis) H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 Nassarius (Proneritula) Thiele, 1929 Nassarius (Psilarius) Woodring, 1964 Nassarius (Pygmaeonassa) Annadale, 1924 Nassarius (Sphaeronassa) Locard, 1886 Nassarius (Telasco) H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 Nassarius (Uzita) H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 Nassarius (Varicinassa) Habe, 1946 Parcanassa Iredale, 1936 Profundinassa Thiele, 1929 Reticularcularia Shuto, 1969 Reticunassa Iredale, 1936 Sphaeronassa Locard, 1886 Tarazeuxis Iredale, 1936 Telasco H. & A. Adams, 1853 Tritia Risso, 1826 Tritonella Adams, 1852 Varicinassa Habe, 1946 Venassa Martens, 1881 Zeuxis H. & A. Adams, 1853

Nassarius, common name nassa mud snails (USA) or dog whelks (UK), is a genus of minute to medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Nassariidae. ^[1]

Etymology

The name is derived from the Latin word "nassa", meaning a fyke (a bag-shaped fish trap) (fyke being derived from the old Dutch word "fuycke"). Nassarius would then mean "someone who uses a fyke".

Ecology

Distribution and habitat

Species within this genus are found worldwide. These snails usually live on mud flats or sand flats, intertidally or subtidally.

Life habits

Most Nassarius species are very active scavengers, feeding on crabs and carrion as dead fish, etc. They often burrow into marine substrates and then wait with only their siphon protruding, until they smell nearby food.

Shell description

The shells of species in this genus have a relatively high spire and a siphonal notch.

Anatomy

A live individual of a Nassarius species on an aquarium wall, reflected in the glass

The animal has a long siphon.

Human use

Archeology

Several beads made from Nassarius gibbosulus shells are thought to be the earliest known forms of personal adornment, or even jewelry. Two shell beads found in Skhul Cave on the slopes of Mount Carmel, Israel are thought to be 100,000 years old, whilst another found at Oued Djebbana, Algeria is believed to be 90,000 years old. A further group of pierced shells, some with red ochre, has been recovered from the Aterian levels at Grotte des Pigeons, Taforalt, Morocco; these Nassarius gibbosulus beads have been securely dated to about 82,000 years ago.^[2]

All these examples predate several 75,000 year old Nassarius kraussianus beads which were found at Blombos Cave, South Africa (including some colored with red ochre). These beads had previously been thought to be the oldest examples of jewelry.^[3]

Modern uses

Nassarius vibex is a species which is often selected for marine aquaria. It is often confused with Nassarius obsoletus, a cooler water snail less suited to tropical marine aquarium temperatures. In aquaria, the Nassarius is considered nearly indispensable for keeping sand beds clean and healthy, as these snails tend to burrow and plow through the upper layer in a conch-like fashion, keeping algae and detritus from building up visibly on the surface.

The shells of various species of Nassarius are popular with shell collectors, and are sometimes used in jewelry and other forms of decoration.

Taxonomy

The genus Nassarius has traditionally been subdivided into several subgenera, based on differences in shell morphology, especially the sculpture : Aciculina, Alectrion, Allanassa, Nassodonta, Niotha, Plicarcularia, Profundinassa, Pygmaeonassa, Telasco, and Zeuxis. However, this division is difficult to define, resulting in much confusion. Even phylogenetic analysis shows that the division into these subgenera appears to be uncertain and unreliable. There seem to be two groups within the genus Nassarius with the closest relationship between the subgenera Zeuxis and Telasco. Even the species within the subgenus Plicarcularia do not belong to a single clade. In the end, the molecular phylogeny did not match the previous morphological phylogeny. ^[4]

Species

Nassarius bifarius

Nassarius (Nassodonta) dorri

Nassarius multipunctatus (Schepman, 1911)

Nassarius reeveanus luctuosa

Nassarius reticosus

Nassarius zonalis

In the course of time, more than 800 names have been allocated to species in the genus Nassarius, most of which have become synonyms. The following species are accepted names according to the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) ^[1]

• Nassarius abyssicolus (A. Adams, 1852)
• Nassarius acteon MacNeil, 1960
• Nassarius acuminatus (Marrat, 1880)
• Nassarius acuticostus (Montrouzier in Souverbie & Montrouzier, 1864)
• Nassarius acutus (Say, 1822)
• Nassarius adami Arthur & Fernandes, 1989
• Nassarius agapetus (Watson, 1882)
• Nassarius alabasteroides Kool, 2009
• Nassarius albescens (Dunker, 1846)
  • Nassarius albescens albescens (Dunker, 1846)
  • Nassarius albescens gemmuliferus (A. Adams, 1852)
• Nassarius albinus (Thiele, 1930)
• Nassarius albomaculatus Rehder, 1980
• Nassarius albus (Say, 1826) - antilles nassa, white nassa
• Nassarius alfuricus (Fischer in Wanner, 1927)
• Nassarius algidus (Reeve, 1853)
• Nassarius amycliformis (Shuto, 1969)
• Nassarius angulicostis (Pilsbry and Lowe, 1932)
• Nassarius anguliferus (A. Adams, 1852)
• Nassarius antillarum (d’Orbigny, 1847) - Antilles nassa
• Nassarius antiquatus (Watson, 1897)
• Nassarius arcadioi Rolán & Hernández, 2005
• Nassarius arcularius (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Nassarius argenteus (Marrat, 1877)
• Nassarius atlantideus Adam & Knudsen, 1984
• Nassarius babylonicus (Watson, 1882)
• Nassarius bailyi (Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932)
• Nassarius balteatus (Pease, 1869)
• Nassarius bantamensis Oostingh, 1933
• Nassarius barsdelli Ladd, 1976
• Nassarius beberkirianus (K. Martin & Icke, 1906)
• Nassarius bellulus (A. Adams, 1852)
• Nassarius bellus (Marrat, 1877)
• Nassarius beureumensis Oostingh, 1933
• Nassarius bicallosus (E.A. Smith, 1876)
• Nassarius biendongensis Kool, 2003
• Nassarius bimaculosus (A. Adams, 1852)
• Nassarius bolangoi (Ladd, 1976)
• Nassarius boucheti Kool, 2004
• Nassarius brunneostomus (Stearns, 1893)
• Nassarius brychia (Watson, 1822)
• Nassarius caboverdensis (Rolán, 1984)
• Nassarius cabrierensis (Fontannes, 1878) †
• Nassarius cadeei Kool, 2006
• Nassarius caelolineatus Nesbitt & Pitt, 1986
• Nassarius callospira (A. Adams, 1852)
• Nassarius camelus (von Martens, 1897)
• Nassarius candei (d'Orbigny, 1847)
• Nassarius candens (Hinds, 1844)
• Nassarius candidissimus (C. B. Adams, 1845)
• Nassarius capensis (Dunker, 1846)
• Nassarius capillaris (Watson, 1882)
• Nassarius castus (Gould, 1835)
• Nassarius catallus (Dall, 1908)
• Nassarius cautleyi (d'Archiac & Haime)
• Nassarius celebensis (Schepman, 1907)
• Nassarius cernohorskyi Kool, 2005
• Nassarius cerritensis (Arnold, 1903)
• Nassarius cinctellus (Gould, 1850)
• Nassarius circumcinctus (Adams A., 1852)
• Nassarius clarus (Marrat, 1877)
• Nassarius clathratus (Born, 1778)
• Nassarius cockburnensis Kool & Dekker, 2006
• Nassarius compertus Fernández-Garcés, Espinosa & Rolán, 1990
• Nassarius complanatus (Powys, 1835)
• Nassarius comptus (Marrat, 1880)
  • Nassarius comptus polita (Marrat, 1880)
• Nassarius concinnus (Powys, 1835)
• Nassarius congrua (Yokoyama, 1926)
• Nassarius conoidalis (Deshayes, 1832)
• Nassarius consensus (Ravenel, 1861) - striate nassa
• Nassarius conspersus (Philippi, 1848)
• Nassarius coppingeri (E.A. Smith, 1881)
• Nassarius coralligenus (Pallary, 1900)
• Nassarius coriolis Kool, 2009
• Nassarius corniculum (Olivi, 1792)
• Nassarius coronatus (Bruguière, 1789)
• Nassarius coronulus (A. Adams, 1852)
• Nassarius corpulentus (C.B. Adams, 1852)
• Nassarius costellifera A. Adams
• Nassarius crebricostatus (Schepman, 1911)
• Nassarius crematus (Hinds, 1844)
• Nassarius crenoliratus (A. Adams, 1852)
• Nassarius crenulatus (Lamarck, 1816)
• Nassarius crenulicostatus (Shuto, 1969)
• Nassarius crossei (Maltzan, 1884)
• Nassarius cussottii Bozzetti, 2006
• Nassarius cuvierii (Payraudeau, 1826)
• Nassarius dekkeri Kool, 2001
• Nassarius delicatus (A. Adams, 1852)
• Nassarius delosi (Woodring, 1946)
• Nassarius demissus (Yokoyama, 1923)
• Nassarius denselineatus (Nagao, 1928)
• Nassarius denticulatus (A. Adams, 1852)
• Nassarius dentifer (Powys, 1835)
• Nassarius deshayesianus (Issel, 1866)
• Nassarius desmoulioides (G.B. Sowerby III, 1903)
• Nassarius dijki (K. Martin, 1895)
• Nassarius dilutus (E.A. Smith, 1899)
• Nassarius dimorphoides Oostingh, 1935
• Nassarius disparilis (E.A. Smith, 1903)
• Nassarius distortus (A. Adams, 1852)
• Nassarius echinatus (A. Adams, 1852)
• Nassarius ecstilbus (Melvill & Standen, 1896)
• Nassarius elatus (Gould, 1845)
• Nassarius elegantissimus Shuto, 1969
• Nassarius eniwetokensis Ladd, 1977
• Nassarius enzoi Bozzetti, 2007
• Nassarius erythraeus (Issel, 1869)
• Nassarius eusulcatus (Sowerby, 1902)
• Nassarius exilis (Powys, 1835)
• Nassarius eximius (H. Adams, 1872)
• Nassarius exsarcus (Dall, 1908)
• Nassarius exstincteliratus (Fischer in Wanner, 1927)
• Nassarius exulatus (E.A. Smith, 1911)
• Nassarius falconeri (d'Archiac & Haime, 1854)
• Nassarius fenestratus (Marratt, 1877) : synonym of Nassarius albescens gemmuliferus (A. Adams, 1852)
• Nassarius fennemai Oostingh, 1939
• Nassarius festivus (Powys, 1835)
• Nassarius fidus (Reeve, 1853)
• Nassarius fischeri Dautzenberg
• Nassarius fissilabris (Adams, A., 1852)
• Nassarius formosus (Turton, 1932)
• Nassarius fossae (Preston, 1915)
• Nassarius fossatus (Gould, 1850) - channeled nassa
• Nassarius foveolatus (Dunker, 1847)
• Nassarius fraterculus (Dunker, 1860) - Japanese nassa
• Nassarius fraudator Cernohorsky, 1980
• Nassarius fraudulentus (Marrat, 1877)
• Nassarius frederici (Melvill & Standen, 1901)
• Nassarius fretorum (Melvill & Standen, 1899)
• Nassarius frigens (Martens, 1878)
• Nassarius fufanus (Fischer in Wanner, 1927)
• Nassarius fuscescens (Dautzenberg, 1912)
• Nassarius fuscolineatus (E.A. Smith, 1875)
• Nassarius gallegosi Strong and Hertlein, 1937
• Nassarius garuda Kool, 2007
• Nassarius gaudiosus (Hinds, 1844)
  • Nassarius gaudiosus marrati E.A. Smith, 1876
  • Nassarius gaudiosus mucronata (A.. Adams, 1851)
• Nassarius gayii (Kiener, 1834)
• Nassarius gemmulatus (Lamarck, 1822)  : synonym of Nassarius conoidalis (Deshayes in Belanger, 1832)
• Nassarius gemmuliferus A. Adams, 1852
• Nassarius gemmulosus (C.B. Adams, 1852)
• Nassarius gibbosulus (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Nassarius gibbulosus (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Nassarius glabratus (Sowerby, 1842)
• Nassarius glagahensis Oostingh, 1935
• Nassarius glans (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Nassarius glans particeps (Hedley, 1915)
• Nassarius globosus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833)
• Nassarius goniopleura (Dall, 1908)
• Nassarius goreensis (Von Maltzan, 1884)
• Nassarius granifer Kiener
• Nassarius granuliferus (Kiener, 1834)
• Nassarius grana (Lamarck, 1822) ^[5]
• Nassarius gruneri (Dunker, 1846)
• Nassarius guaymasensis (Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932)
• Nassarius haldemanni (Dunker, 1847)
• Nassarius hanraveni Kool & Dekker, 2006
• Nassarius hansenae Kool, 1996
• Nassarius harryleei García, 2001
• Nassarius helleri (Mari, 1929)
• Nassarius hemipolitus Nomura & Zimbo, 1935
• Nassarius herosae Kool, 2005
• Nassarius heynemanni (Von Maltzan, 1884)
• Nassarius himeroessa (Melvill & Standen, 1903)
• Nassarius hirtus (Kiener, 1834)
• Nassarius hongoensis Itoigawa, 1955
• Nassarius hotessieri (d'Orbigny, 1843)
• Nassarius hotessierianus (d'Orbigny, 1842) - miniature nassa
• Nassarius howardae Chace, 1958
• Nassarius idyllius (Melvill & Standen, 1901)
• Nassarius incongruus Otuka, 1937
• Nassarius incrassatus (Stroem, 1768)
• Nassarius infralaevis (Fischer in Wanner, 1927)
• Nassarius insculptus (Carpenter, 1864) - smooth western nassa
• Nassarius insignis (H. Adams, 1867)
• Nassarius iodes (Dall, 1917)
• Nassarius irus (Martens, 1880)
• Nassarius ischnus (Melvill, 1899)
• Nassarius jacksonianus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833)
• Nassarius jactabundus (Melvill, 1906)
• Nassarius javanus (Schepman, 1891)
• Nassarius jeanmartini Kool & Dekker, 2006
• Nassarius johni (Monterosato, 1889)
• Nassarius kaicherae Jong & Coomans, 1988
• Nassarius karinae (Usticke, 1971)
• Nassarius kochianus (Dunker, 1846)
• Nassarius kometubus Otuka, 1934
• Nassarius kieneri (Deshayes, 1863) : synonym of Nassarius luridus (Gould, 1850)
• Nassarius kooli Dekker & Dekkers, 2009
• Nassarius kraussianus (Dunker, 1846)
• Nassarius kruizingai Oostingh, 1939
• Nassarius labiatus (A. Adams, 1853)
• Nassarius kraussianus (Dunker, 1846)
• Nassarius lavanonoensis Bozzetti, 2006
• Nassarius lawsonorum Kilburn, 2000
• Nassarius leptospirus (A. Adams, 1852)
• Nassarius liberiensis (Knudsen, 1956)
• Nassarius lima (Dillwyn, 1817)
• Nassarius limacinus (Dall, 1917)
• Nassarius limnaeformis (Dunker, 1847)
• Nassarius livescens (Philippi, 1848)
• Nassarius lochi Kool, 1996
• Nassarius louisi (Pallary, 1912)
• Nassarius luridus (Gould, 1850)
• Nassarius luteostomus* (Broderip & Sowerby, 1829)
• Nassarius maccauslandi Cernohorsky, 1984
• Nassarius macrocephalus (Schepman, 1911)
• Nassarius macrodon (Bronn, 1831) †
• Nassarius madiunensis (K. Martin, 1895)
• Nassarius mammilliferus (Melvill, 1897)
• Nassarius mandirensis Oostingh, 1939
• Nassarius mangkalihatensis Beets, 1941
• Nassarius margaritifer (Dunker, 1847)
• Nassarius margaritifera Dunker : synonym of Nassarius margaritifer
• Nassarius marmoreus (A. Adams, 1852)
• Nassarius megalocallus Adam & Knudsen, 1984
• Nassarius mekranicus (Vredenburg, 1925)
• Nassarius mendicus (Gould, 1850) - lean western nassa
• Nassarius micans (A. Adams, 1852)
• Nassarius miga Bruguière
• Nassarius mirabilis Bozzetti, 2007
• Nassarius moestus (Hinds, 1844)
• Nassarius monile (Kiener, 1834) : synonym of Nassarius distortus (A. Adams, 1852)
• Nassarius mucronata
• Nassarius muelleri (Maltzan, 1884)
• Nassarius multicostatus (A. Adams, 1852)
• Nassarius multigranosus (Dunker, 1847)
• Nassarius multipunctatus (Schepman, 1911)
• Nassarius multivocus Kool, 2008
• Nassarius mutabilis (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Nassarius myristicatus (Hinds, 1844)
• Nassarius nakayamai (Habe, 1958)
• Nassarius natalensis (E.A. Smith, 1903)
• Nassarius ngawianus (K. Martin, 1895)
• Nassarius nigrolabrus (Verrill, 1880)
• Nassarius nitidus (Jeffreys, 1867)
• Nassarius niveus (A. Adams, 1852)
• Nassarius nobilis (Thiele, 1925)
• Nassarius nodicinctus (A. Adams, 1852)
• Nassarius nodifer (Powys, 1835)
• Nassarius nodulosus (Marrat, 187)
• Nassarius noguchii (Habe, 1958)
• Nassarius notoensis Masuda, 1956
• Nassarius novaezelandiae (Reeve, 1854)
• Nassarius nuceus (Pease, 1869)
• Nassarius nucleolus (Philippi, 1846)
• Nassarius obesus (G. & H. Nevill, 1875)
• Nassarius obsoletus (Say, 1822) - eastern mudsnail
• Nassarius obliquus Kiener : synonym of Nassarius glabratus (Sowerby, 1842)
• Nassarius olivaceus (Bruguière, 1789)
• Nassarius olomea Kay, 1979
• Nassarius oneratus (Deshayes, 1863)
• Nassarius optimus (G.B. Sowerby III, 1903)
• Nassarius ovoideus (Locard, 1886)
• Nassarius pachychilus (von Maltzan, 1884)
• Nassarius pagodus (Reeve, 1844)
• Nassarius papillosus (Gould, 1850)
• Nassarius patricius (Thiele, 1925)
• Nassarius paucicostatus (Marrat, 1877)
• Nassarius pauperus (Gould, 1850)
• Nassarius perdominulus Nomura & Zimbo, 1935
• Nassarius pernitidus (Dall, 1889)
• Nassarius perpinguis (Hinds, 1844) - fat western nassa
• Nassarius persicus (von Martens, 1874)
• Nassarius pfeifferi (Philippi, 1844)
• Nassarius plebejus (Thiele, 1925)
• Nassarius plicatellus Adams
• Nassarius polygonatus (Lamarck, 1822)
• Nassarius praematuratus Kuroda & Habe, 1852
• Nassarius prianganensis Altena & Beets, 1945
• Nassarius priscardi Bozzetti, 2006
• Nassarius protrusidens (Melvill, 1918)
• Nassarius prysmaticus (Brocchi, 1814)
• Nassarius pseudoconcinnus (E.A. Smith, 1895)
• Nassarius pseudodemissus Nomura & Zimbo, 1935
• Nassarius pseudopoecilostictus Adam & Knudsen, 1984
• Nassarius psila (Watson, 1882)
• Nassarius pullus Linnaeus
• Nassarius pulvinaris (von Martens, 1881)
• Nassarius pumilio (E.A. Smith, 1872)
• Nassarius pupinoides (Reeve, 1853)
• Nassarius pygmaeus Lamarck, 1822
• Nassarius pyramidalis A. Adams, 1853
• Nassarius quadrasi (Hidalgo, 1904)
• Nassarius quantulus (Gould, 1860)
• Nassarius recidivus (Martens, 1876)
• Nassarius reeveanus (Dunker, 1847)
• Nassarius reticulatus (Linnaeus, 1758) s
• Nassarius rehderi Cernohorsky, 1980
• Nassarius reticulatus (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Nassarius reussi (K. Martin, 1880)
• Nassarius rhinetes S.S. Berry, 1953 - California nassa
• Nassarius robustus (Monterosato, 1890)
• Nassarius roissyi (Deshayes in Belanger, 1832)
• Nassarius rotundus (Melvill & Standen, 1896)
• Nassarius rubusindicus Oostingh, 1939
• Nassarius samiae Kool, 2006
• Nassarius samiae Kool, 2006
• Nassarius sanctaehelenae (A. Adams, 1852)
• Nassarius scabriusculus* (Powys, 1835)
• Nassarius scalaris (A. Adams, 1852)
• Nassarius scissuratus (Dall, 1889) - carved nassa
• Nassarius semiplicatoides Zhang, Ai-Ju, You, Zhong-Jie, 2007
• † Nassarius semistriatus (Brocchi, 1814)
• Nassarius semisulcatus (Rousseau, 1854)
• Nassarius sesarmus (Marrat, 1877)
• Nassarius shacklefordi (Melvill & Standen, 1896)
• Nassarius shaskyi Mclean, 1970
• Nassarius signatus (Dunker, 1847)
• Nassarius silvardi Kool & Dekker, 2006
• Nassarius simizui Otuka, 1934
• Nassarius simoni Kool & Dekker, 2007
• Nassarius simplex (E.A. Smith, 1880)
• Nassarius sinarus (Philippi, 1851)
• Nassarius sinusigerus (A. Adams, 1852)
• Nassarius siquijorensis (A. Adams, 1852)
• Nassarius skoogi (Odhner, 1923)
• Nassarius speciosus (Adams, A., 1852)
• Nassarius splendidulus (Dunker, 1846)
• Nassarius stimpsonianus (C.B. Adams, 1852)
• Nassarius stolatus (Gmelin, 1791)
• Nassarius striatus (C.B. Adams, 1852)
• Nassarius subconstrictus (Sowerby, 1899)
• Nassarius subspinosus Lamarck
• Nassarius subtranslucidus (Smith, 1903)
• Nassarius succinctus (A. Adams, 1852)
• Nassarius sufflatus (Gould, 1860)
• Nassarius sumatranus (Thiele, 1925)
• Nassarius sundaicus Oostingh, 1939
• Nassarius suturalis
• Nassarius tabescens (Marrat, 1880)
• Nassarius tadjallii Moolenbeek, 2007
• Nassarius taenius (Gmelin, 1790): synonym of Nassarius olivaceus (Bruguière, 1789)
• Nassarius talahabensis (K. Martin, 1921)
• Nassarius tambacanus (K. Martin, 1884)
• Nassarius tangaroai Kool, 2006
• Nassarius tango Scarabino, 2004
• Nassarius teretiusculus (A. Adams, 1852)
• Nassarius thachi Dekker, 2004
• Nassarius thaumasius (Sturany, 1900)
• Nassarius tiarula (Kiener, 1841) - western mud nassa
• Nassarius tinei (Maravigna in Guérin, 1840)
• Nassarius tingitanus (Pallary, 1901)
• Nassarius townsendi (Dall, 1880)
• Nassarius trifasciatus Adams : synonym of Nassarius elatus (Gould, 1845)
• Nassarius tritoniformis (Kiener, 1841)
• Nassarius troendleorum Cernohorsky, 1980
• Nassarius tunetoyensis Nomura & Hatai, 1936
• Nassarius turbineus (Gould, 1845)
• Nassarius turulosus (Risso, 1826)
• Nassarius unicolor Kiener, L.C., 1834
• Nassarius unifasciatus (Kiener, 1834)
• Nassarius vandervlerki Oostingh, 1939
• Nassarius vanesi Oostingh, 1935
• Nassarius vanpeli Kool, 2005
• Nassarius variciferus (A. Adams, 1852)
• Nassarius varicosecostatus (Fischer in Wanner, 1927)
• Nassarius vaucheri (Pallary, 1906)
• Nassarius venemai (Koperberg, 1931)
• Nassarius venustus (Dunker, 1847)
• Nassarius versicolor (C. B. Adams, 1852)
• Nassarius vibex (Say, 1822) - bruised nassa
• Nassarius vidalensis (Barnard, 1959)
• Nassarius vinctus (Marrat, 1877)
• Nassarius vittatus (A. Adams, 1853)
• Nassarius webbei (Petit, 1850)
• Nassarius weyersi Craven : synonym of Nassarius pumilio (E.A. Smith, 1872)
• Nassarius whiteheadae Cernohorsky, 1984
• Nassarius wilsoni (C.B. Adams, 1852)
• Nassarius wolffi Knudsen
• Nassarius zanzibarensis Kool & Dekker, 2007

Other species in the genus Nassarius include, according to ITIS:^[6]

• Nassarius aoteanus (Linnaeus, 1758) ^[7]
• Nassarius bifarius W. Baird, 1873 : synonym of Nassarius novaezelandia (Reeve, 1854)
• Nassarius catallus (Dall, 1908) ^[8]
• Nassarius ephamillus (Watson, 1882) ^[9]
• Nassarius graniferus : synonym of Nassarius granifer
• Nassarius luteostoma Broderip and Sowerby, 1829  : synonym of Nassarius luteostomus (Broderip & Sowerby, 1829)
• Nassarius miser (Dall, 1908) ^[10]
• Nassarius nanus Nowell-Usticke, G.W., 1959 : synonym of Nassarius karinae Nowell-Usticke, G.W., 1971 ^[11]
• Nassarius nigrolabra (Verrill, 1880) : synonym of Nassarius nigrolabrus (Verrill, 1880)
• Nassarius spiratus (A. Adams, 1852) ^[12]
• Nassarius trivittatus (Say, 1822) - threeline mudsnail : synonym of Ilyanassa trivittata (Say, 1822)
• Nassarius zonalis (A. Adams, 1852) ^[13] : synonym of Nassarius reeveanus (Dunker, 1847)

The following species are also mentioned as names in current use by the Indo-Pacific Molluscan Database ^[14]

• Nassarius elegans Kiener, 1834
• Nassarius emilyae Moolenbeek & Dekker, 1994 ^[15]
• Nassarius grayii (Kiener, 1834) ^[16]
• Nassarius mobilis (Hedley & May, 1908) ^[17]
• Nassarius mundus (Sturany, 1900) ^[18]
• Nassarius sertulus (A. Adams, 1852 in 1852-53)
• Nassarius smitsorum Kool, 1990 ^[19]

Subgenus Nassodonta

• Nassarius dorri Wattebled, 1886 ^[20]

Subgenus Niotha

• Nassarius nigellus (Reeve, 1854) ^[21]
• Nassarius nodicostatus (A. Adams, 1852)
• Nassarius pauperatus (Lamarck, 1822) ^[22]

Subgenus Plicarcularia

• Nassarius burchardi (Dunker in Philippi, 1849) ^[23]
• Nassarius jonasii (Dunker, 1846) ^[24]
• Nassarius moolenbeeki Kool, 1995 ^[25]

Subgenus Telasco

• Nassarius limnaeiformis (Dunker, 1847) ^[26]

Subgenus Zeuxis

• Nassarius arcus Cernohorsky, 1991
• Nassarius melanioides (Reeve, 1853) ^[27]
• Nassarius poupini Cernohorsky, 1992 ^[28]
• Nassarius pyrrhus (Menke, 1843) ^[29]
• Nassarius reunionensis Cernohorsky, 1988 ^[30]
• Nassarius richeri Cernohorsky, 1992 ^[31]
• Nassarius sertulus (A. Adams, 1852)
• Nassarius whiteheadae Cernohorsky, 1984

Synonymized subgenera

• Nassarius (Aciculina) Adams, 1853 (alternate representation of Nassarius Duméril, 1805 )
• Nassarius (Alectryon) Berthold in Latreille, 1827 : synonym of Nassarius (Alectrion) Montfort , 1810 (alternate representation of Nassarius Duméril, 1805 )
• Nassarius (Allanassa) Iredale, 1929 : synonym of Nassarius Duméril, 1805
• Nassarius (Amycla) H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 : synonym of Nassarius (Gussonea) Monterosato, 1912
• Nassarius (Amyclina) Iredale, 1918 : synonym of Nassarius (Gussonea) Monterosato, 1912
• Nassarius (Arcularia) Link, 1807 : alternate representation of Nassarius Duméril, 1805
  • Nassarius (Arcularia) glabratus (Sowerby, 1842) : synonym of Nassarius glabratus (Sowerby, 1842)
• Nassarius (Austronassaria) C. Laseron & J. Laseron, 1956 : synonym of Nassarius (Plicarcularia) Thiele, 1929 (alternate representation of Nassarius Duméril, 1805 )
• Nassarius (Bathynassa) Ladd, 1976 : synonym of Nassarius (Zeuxis) H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 (alternate representation of Nassarius Duméril, 1805 )
• Nassarius (Caesia) H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 : alternate representation of Nassarius Duméril, 1805
• Nassarius (Cencus) Gistel, 1848 : synonym of Nassarius (Cyclope) Risso, 1826 (alternate representation of Nassarius Duméril, 1805 )
• Nassarius (Chelenassa) Shuto, 1969  : synonym of Nassarius (Plicarcularia) Thiele, 1929 (alternate representation of Nassarius Duméril, 1805)
• Nassarius (Cryptonassarius) Watson, R.B., 1882): alternate representation of Nassarius Duméril, 1805
• Nassarius (Cyclocyrtia) Agassiz, 1848  : synonym of Nassarius (Cyclope) Risso, 1826 (alternate representation of Nassarius Duméril, 1805 )
• Nassarius (Cyclonassa) Swainson, 1840  : synonym of Nassarius (Cyclope) Risso, 1826 (alternate representation of Nassarius Duméril, 1805 )
• Nassarius (Cyclope) Risso, 1826 : alternate representation of Nassarius Duméril, 1805
• Nassarius (Cyclops) Montfort, 1810 : synonym of Nassarius (Cyclope) Risso, 1826 (alternate representation of Nassarius Duméril, 1805 )
• Nassarius (Demondia) Addicott, 1956 : synonym of Nassarius (Caesia) H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 (alternate representation of Nassarius Duméril, 1805 )
• Nassarius (Eione) Risso, 1826 : synonym of Nassarius (Plicarcularia) Thiele, 1929 (alternate representation of Nassarius Duméril, 1805 )
• Nassarius (Fackia) Nordsieck, 1972 : synonym of Nassarius (Gussonea) Monterosato, 1912
• Nassarius (Glabrinassa) Shuto, 1969 : synonym of Nassarius (Zeuxis) H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 (alternate representation of Nassarius Duméril, 1805 )
• Nassarius (Gussonea) Monterosato, 1912 : synonym of Nassarius Duméril, 1805
• Nassarius (Hannonia) Pallary, 1914 : synonym of Nassarius (Aciculina) Adams, 1853 (alternate representation of Nassarius Duméril, 1805 )
• Nassarius (Hima) Gray, 1852 ex Leach, ms. : alternate representation of Nassarius Duméril, 1805
• Nassarius (Hinia) Gray, 1847 :alternate representation of Nassarius Duméril, 1805
• Nassarius (Miohinia) Nordsieck, 1972 : synonym of Nassarius (Hinia) Gray, 1847 (alternate representation of Nassarius Duméril, 1805 )
• Nassarius (Mirua) Marwick, 1931 : synonym of Nassarius (Hima) Gray, 1852 ex Leach, ms. (alternate representation of Nassarius Duméril, 1805 )
• Nassarius (Nana) Schumacher, 1817: synonym of Nassarius (Cyclope) Risso, 1826 (alternate representation of Nassarius Duméril, 1805 )
• Nassarius (Nanina) Risso, 1826: synonym of Nassarius (Cyclope) Risso, 1826 (alternate representation of Nassarius Duméril, 1805 )
• Nassarius (Nanarius) Woodring, 1964  : alternate representation of Nassarius Duméril, 1805
• Nassarius (Nannia) Philippi, 1844: synonym of Nassarius (Cyclope) Risso, 1826 (alternate representation of Nassarius Duméril, 1805 )
• Nassarius (Nasseburna) de Gregorio, 1890 : synonym of Nassarius (Sphaeronassa) Locard, 1886 (alternate representation of Nassarius Duméril, 1805 )
• Nassarius (Nassodonta) H. Adams, 1867 : alternate representation of Nassarius Duméril, 1805
• Nassarius (Nassarius) Duméril, 1805  : alternate representation of Nassarius Duméril, 1805
• Nassarius (Naytia) H. Adams & A. Adams 1853  : alternate representation of Nassarius Duméril, 1805
• Nassarius (Naytiopsis) Thiele, 1929  : alternate representation of Nassarius Duméril, 1805
• Nassarius (Neritula) Herrmannsen, 1852 : synonym of Nassarius (Cyclope) Risso, 1826 (alternate representation of Nassarius Duméril, 1805)
• Nassarius (Niotha) H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 : alternate representation of Nassarius Duméril, 1805
• Nassarius (Pallacera) Woodring, 1964: alternate representation of Nassarius Duméril, 1805
• Nassarius (Phrontis) H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853: alternate representation of Nassarius Duméril, 1805
• Nassarius (Panormella) Costa, 1840 : synonym of Nassarius (Cyclope) Risso, 1826 (alternate representation of Nassarius Duméril, 1805)
• Nassarius (Paranassa) Conrad, 1867 : synonym of Nassarius (Ilyanassa) Stimpson, 1865 (alternate representation of Nassarius Duméril, 1805)
• Nassarius (Parcanassa) Iredale, 1936 :synonym of Nassarius (Plicarcularia) Thiele, 1929 (alternate representation of Nassarius Duméril, 1805)
• Nassarius (Plicarcularia) Thiele, 1929 : alternate representation of Nassarius Duméril, 1805
• Nassarius (Profundinassa) Thiele, 1929: alternate representation of Nassarius Duméril, 1805
• Nassarius (Proneritula) Thiele, 1929 : alternate representation of Nassarius Duméril, 1805
• Nassarius (Psilarius) Woodring, 1964 : alternate representation of Nassarius Duméril, 1805
• Nassarius (Pygmaeonassa) Annadale, 1924 : alternate representation of Nassarius Duméril, 1805
• Nassarius (Retiarcularia) Shuto, 1969 :synonym of Nassarius (Plicarcularia) Thiele, 1929 (alternate representation of Nassarius Duméril, 1805)
• Nassarius (Reticunassa) Iredale, 1936 : synonym of Nassarius (Hima) Gray, 1852 ex Leach, ms. alternate representation of Nassarius Duméril, 1805)
• Nassarius (Schizopyga) Conrad, 1856 : synonym of Nassarius (Caesia) H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 (alternate representation of Nassarius Duméril, 1805)
• Nassarius (Sphaeronassa) Locard, 1886 : alternate representation of Nassarius Duméril, 1805
• Nassarius (Tarazeuxis) Iredale, 1936 : synonym of Nassarius (Telasco) H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 (alternate representation of Nassarius Duméril, 1805)
• Nassarius (Tavanothia) Iredale, 1936 : synonym of Nassarius (Niotha) H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 (alternate representation of Nassarius Duméril, 1805)
• Nassarius (Telasco) H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 : alternate representation of Nassarius Duméril, 1805
• Nassarius (Tritia) A. Adams, 1853: synonym of Nassarius (Hinia) Gray, 1847 (alternate representation of Nassarius Duméril, 1805)
• Nassarius (Tritonella) A. Adams, 1852 : synonym of Nassarius (Hima) Gray, 1852 ex Leach, ms. (alternate representation of Nassarius Duméril, 1805)
• Nassarius (Usita) Noszky, 1936 : synonym of Nassarius (Uzita) H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 (alternate representation of Nassarius Duméril, 1805)
• Nassarius (Uzita) H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 : alternate representation of Nassarius Duméril, 1805
• Nassarius (Venassa) Martens, 1881 : synonym of Nassarius (Zeuxis) H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 (alternate representation of Nassarius Duméril, 1805)
• Nassarius (Varicinassa) Habe, 1946 : alternate representation of Nassarius Duméril, 1805
• Nassarius (Zaphon) H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 : synonym of Nassarius (Caesia) H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 (alternate representation of Nassarius Duméril, 1805)
• Nassarius (Zeuxis) H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 : alternate representation of Nassarius Duméril, 1805

References

1. ^ ^{a b c} Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2010). Nassarius Duméril, 1806. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138235 on 2010-11-30
2. ^ Bouzouggar, A., Barton, N., Vanhaeren, M., d'Errico, F., Collcutt, S., Higham, T., Hodge, E., Parfitt, S., Rhodes, E., Schwenninger, J.-L., Stringer, C., Turner, E., Ward, S., Moutmir, A. and Stambouli, A. 2007. "82,000-year-old shell beads from North Africa and implications for the origins of modern human behavior" Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, June 4, 2007; http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/abstract/0703877104v1
3. ^ Study reveals 'oldest jewellery', BBC News, 22 June 2006
4. ^ Haitao Li (李海涛), Duan Lin (林端), Hongda Fang (方宏达), Aijia Zhu (朱艾嘉) and Yang Gao (高阳), Species identification and phylogenetic analysis of genus Nassarius (Nassariidae) based on mitochondrial genes , Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, Volume 28, Number 3 / May, 2010, pp. 565-572, doi 10.1007/s00343-010-9031-4
5. ^ Gastropods.com : Nassarius (Naytiopsis) granum; accessed : 25 February 2011
6. ^ "Nassarius". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=74103. 
7. ^ Gastropods.com : Nassarius (Alectrion) aoteanus; accessed : 28 February 2011
8. ^ Gastropods.com : Nassarius catallusl; accessed : 28 February 2011
9. ^ Gastropods.com : Nassarius (Cryptonassarius) ephamillus; accessed : 28 February 2011
10. ^ Gastropods.com : Nassarius miser; accessed : 28 February 2011
11. ^ Gastropods.com : Nassarius karinae; accessed : 28 February 2011
12. ^ Gastropods.com : Nassarius (Alectrion) spiratus; accessed : 28 February 2011
13. ^ SysTax : Nassarius zonalis
14. ^ OBIS : Nassarius
15. ^ Gastropods.com : Nassarius (Nassarius) emilyae emilyae; accessed : 28 February 2011
16. ^ Gastropods.com : Nassarius (Nassarius) grayii; accessed : 28 Februyary 2011
17. ^ Gastropods.com : Nassarius (Hima) mobilis; accessed : 28 February 2011
18. ^ Gastropods.com : Nassarius mundus; accessed : 28 February 2011
19. ^ Gastropods.com : Nassarius (Nassarius) smitsorum; accessed : 28 February 2011
20. ^ Gastropods.com : Nassarius (Nassodonta) dorri; accessed : 28 February 2011
21. ^ Gastropods.com : Nassarius (Niotha) nigellus; accessed : 28 February 2011
22. ^ Gastropods.com : Nassarius (Niotha) pauperatus; accessed : 28 February 2011
23. ^ Gastropods.com : Nassarius (Plicarcularia) burchardi; accessed : 28 February 2011
24. ^ Gastropods.com : Nassarius (Plicarcularia) jonasii; accessed : 28 February 2011
25. ^ Gastropods.com : Nassarius (Plicarcularia) moolenbeeki; accessed : 28 February 2011
26. ^ Gastropods.com : Nassarius (Telasco) limnaeiformis; accessed : 28 February 2011
27. ^ Gastropods.com : Nassarius (Zeuxis) melanioides; accessed : 28 February 2011
28. ^ Gastropods.com : Nassarius (Zeuxis) poupini; accessed : 28 February 2011
29. ^ Gastropods.com : Nassarius (Zeuxis) pyrrhus; accessed : 28 February 2011
30. ^ Gastropods.com : Nassarius (Zeuxis) reunionensis; accessed : 28 February 2011
31. ^ Gastropods.com : Nassarius (Zeuxis) richeri; accessed : 28 February 2011

• Cernohorsky W. O. (1984). Systematics of the Family Nassariidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Bulletin of the Auckland Institute and Museum 14: 1-356
• Bernard, P.A. (Ed.) (1984). Coquillages du Gabon [Shells of Gabon]. Pierre A. Bernard: Libreville, Gabon. 140, 75 plates pp
• Vaught, K.C. (1989). A classification of the living Mollusca. American Malacologists: Melbourne, FL (USA). ISBN 0-915826-22-4. XII, 195 pp
• Wolff, W.J.; Duiven, P.; Esselink, P.; Gueve, A. (1993). Biomass of macrobenthic tidal flat fauna of the Banc d'Arguin, Mauritania. Hydrobiologia 258(1-3): 151-163

External links

• Malacos : a more complete list
• Locard A. (1886). Prodrome de malacologie française. Catalogue général des mollusques vivants de France. Mollusque marins. Lyon, H. Georg & Paris, Baillière : pp. X + 778