- Mount Judi
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Jūdī, Cudi, Cûdî, Qardū Elevation 2,089 m (6,854 ft) Location Location Şırnak Province, Southeastern Anatolia Region, Turkey Range Anatolia Coordinates 37°22′10″N 42°20′39″E / 37.36944°N 42.34417°ECoordinates: 37°22′10″N 42°20′39″E / 37.36944°N 42.34417°E 
Depiction of Noah's ark landing on the mountain top, from the North French Hebrew Miscellany (13th century)
Mount Judi (Aramaic: Djûdi,[dubious ], Turkish: 'Cudi Dağı', Arabic: جبل جودي Jabal Ǧūdī, Kurdish Çiyayê Cûdî, Syriac: (Peshitta traditionalso Qardū), according to very Early Christian and Islamic tradition (based on the Qur'an, sura 11:44), is the Noah's apobaterion or "Place of Descent", the location where the Ark came to rest after the Great Flood.
The Quranic tradition is similar to the Judeo-Christian legend, apparently of Syrian origin ultimately perhaps rooted in a version of the flood myth not derived from Biblical tradition. The identification of Mount Judi as the landing site of the ark persisted in Syriac and Armenian tradition throughout Late Antiquity but was abandoned for the tradition equating the Biblical location with the highest mountain of the region, which therefore came to be known as Mount Ararat.
Islamic and Syriac tradition identifies Mount Judi or Qardu as a peak near the town of Jazirat ibn Umar (modern Cizre), at the headwaters of the Tigris, near the modern Syrian-Turkish border. Arab historian Al-Masudi (d. 956), reported that the spot where the ark came to rest could be seen in his time. Al-Masudi locates Jabal Judi at 80 parasangs from the Tigris.
The description of medieval geographer Yaqut al-Hamawi matches exactly a 2089 m peak north of Silopi, that is now called Jabal Judi or Judi Dagh by Muslims and Gardu by Christians and Jews.
Contents
Name
The relation of the names Qardu and Judi is unclear. Qardu is certainly related to the name of Gordyene and as such to the ethnonym of the Kurds.[citation needed] The origin of Judi is less clear. It is usually interpreted as a corrupted version of the same name, via al-gurdi (Reynolds 2004). The proposal that the two names are ultimately the same was first advanced by the English Orientalist George Sale in his translation of the Qur'an published in 1734. Sale's footnote reads:
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- "This mountain [al-Judi] is one of those that divide Armenia on the south, from Mesopotamia, and that part of Assyria which is inhabited by the Curds, from whom the mountains took the name Cardu, or Gardu, by the Greeks turned into Gordyae, and other names. ... Mount Al-Judi (which seems to be a corruption, though it be constantly so written by the Arabs, for Jordi, or Giordi) is also called Thamanin ..., probably from a town at the foot of it."
Sale goes on to say that there was once a famous Christian monastery on the mountain, but that this was destroyed by lightning in the year 776 AD, following which
- "the credit of this tradition hath declined, and given place to another, which obtains at present, and according to which the ark rested on Mount Masis, in Armenia, called by the Turks Agri Dagh".[1][unreliable source?]
Christian tradition
Further information: Mountains of AraratThe Syrians of the east Tigris had a legend of the ark resting on the Djûdi mountain in the land of Kard. This legend may in origin have been independent of the Genesis account of Noah's flood, rooted in the more general Near Eastern flood legends, but following Christianization of the Syrians, from about the 2nd century AD, it became associated with the Mountains of Ararat where Noah landed according to Genesis, and from Syria also this legend also spread to the Armenians. The Armenians did not traditionally associate Noah's landing site with Mount Ararat, known natively as Masis, but until the 11th century continued to associate Noah's ark with Mount Judi.[2]
According to Josephus, the Armenians in the 1st century showed the remains of Noah's ark at a place called αποβατηριον "Place of Descent" (Armenian: Նախիջեւան, Nakhichevan, Ptolemy's Ναξουανα), about 60 miles southeast of the summit of Mount Ararat (ca. 39°04′N 45°05′E / 39.07°N 45.08°E).[3]
The "mountains of Ararat" in Genesis have become identified in later (medieval) Christian tradition with the peak now known as Mount Ararat itself, a volcanic massif on the border between Turkey and Armenia and known in Turkish as "Agri Dagh" (Ağrı Dağı).
Islamic tradition
The Qur'anic account of the Flood and Noah's Ark agrees with that given in Genesis, with a few variations. One of these concerns the final resting place of the Ark: according to Genesis, the Ark grounded on the "mountains of Ararat"; according to surah 11:44 of the Qur'an, the final resting place of the vessel was called Mt. Judi:
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- "And the word was spoken: "O earth! swallow up thy waters! And, O sky, cease [thy rain]!" And the water sank into the earth, and the will [of God] was done, and the ark came to rest on Mount Judi. And the word was spoken: "Away with these evil doing folk!" (Quran, 11:44)."
The 9th century Arab geographer Ibn Khordadbih identified the location of mount Judi as being in the land of Assyria (Al-Akrad), and the Abbasid historian Abu al-Hasan 'Alī al-Mas'ūdī (c. 896-956) recorded that the spot where it came to rest could be seen in his time. Masudi also said that the Ark began its voyage at Kufa in central Iraq and sailed to Mecca, where it circled the Kaaba, before finally travelling to Judi. The geographer and encyclopedist Yaqut al-Hamawi (1179–1229), also known as Al-Rumi, placed the mountain "above Jazirat ibn Umar, to the east of the Tigris" and mentioned a mosque built by Noah that could be seen in his day, and the traveller Ibn Battuta passed by the mountain in the 14th century.[4]
Searches for Mount Judi
Main article: Searches for Noah's ArkIn the 1980s, adventurer and self-styled archaeologist Ron Wyatt and his colleague David Fasold claimed to have discovered Noah's Ark at Durupınar, some twenty miles from Mt. Ararat near a mountain locals called Cudi Dağı.[5] Fasold later vacillated on the claim.[6][7][8][9] In the 1990s, Bill Crouse, another ark-researcher, claimed that the Cudi Dagh was located in southern Turkey.[10] According to Crouse: "Cudi Dagh is located approximately 200 miles south of Mt. Ararat in southern Turkey almost within eyesight of the Syrian and Iraqi borders. The Tigris River flows at its base. The exact co-ordinates are 37°21′N 42°17′E / 37.35°N 42.283°E ... just east of the present Turkish city of Gizre and still within the bounds of the Biblical region of Ararat (Urartu). The Nestorians ... built several monasteries around the mountain including one on the summit called 'The Cloister of the Ark'. It was destroyed by lightning in 766 A.D. The Muslims later built a mosque on the site. In 1910, Gertrude Bell explored the area and found a stone structure still at the summit with the shape of a ship called by the locals 'Sefinet Nebi Nuh' 'The Ship of Prophet Noah'."
Notes
- ^ Lee Spencer and Jean Luc Lienard, "The Search for Noah's Ark, 2005
- ^ Frederick Cornwallis Conybeare, review of Friedrich Murat, Ararat und Masis, Studien zur armenischen Altertumskunde und Litteratur, Heidelberg, 1900.
- ^ Conybeare (1901)
- ^ J. P. Lewis, Noah and the Flood: In Jewish, Christian, and Muslim Tradition, The Biblical Archaeologist, December 1984, p.237
- ^ Fasold, David (1988). The Ark of Noah. New York: Wynwood. pp. 92–93. ISBN 0922066108.
- ^ Clifton, Brad (9 April 1997). "Doubts sank faith in Ark". The Daily Telegraph (Australia).
- ^ Thomson, Kirstyn (9 April 1997). "Witness Tells How Ark Faith Sank". The West Australian.
- ^ Deal, David Allen (2005). Noah's Ark: The Evidence. Muscogee, OK: Artisan. ISBN 0933677022.
- ^ Dawes, June (2000). Noah's Ark: Adrift in Dark Waters. Belrose, NSW: Noahide. pp. 184. ISBN 0646402285.
- ^ Crouse, Bill (Summer 1992). "Noah's Ark: Its Final Berth". Archaeology and Biblical Research 5 (3). http://google.com/search?q=cache:75qRE05qfN8J:www.fishnet.us/cim/technicals/noah.doc+It+was+destroyed+by+lightning+in+766+A.D.+The+Muslims+later+built+a+mosque+on+the+site.&cd=5&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=ca&client=firefox-a.
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