Kahnawake surnames

Kahnawake surnames

The Mohawk Nation reserve of Kahnawake, near Montreal, Quebec, Canada, includes residents with surnames of Mohawk, French, Scots and English ancestry, reflecting the adoption of European children into the community, as well as intermarriage with local colonial settlers over the life of the early village. Located along the St. Lawrence river opposite the city of Montréal on the shores of the St-Louis rapids, dates back to 1667 as a Jesuit settlement called Mission Saint-François-Xavier du Sault-Saint-Louis. The original mission was located in what is now La Prairie and was called Kentake by its first Oneida settlers.

During the 1670s, the Catholic mission grew as many Mohawk families arrived and rapidly outnumbered the more than twenty other Native groups that were represented there. Following four displacements, the mission was moved to its present-day location in 1716, where it was called Kahnawake, or "at the rapids". In the Mohawk language, Kahnawake residents refer to themselves by the autonym Kahnawakehro:non.[1] Some families from here also had descendants who moved to Kanesatake or Akwesasne.

The origins of some of Kahnawake's European family names were first published by Father Forbes in 1899.[2] Below is detailed history of Kahnawake's most common surnames of European / North American origin.

Beauvais: the first Beauvais was André Karhaton, who married Marie-Anne Kahenratas before 1743. He was a young man from the Beauvais family of La Prairie who was adopted and raised in Kahnawake.[3]

Canadien: this name comes from the wife of Charles Tehosteroton, grand-daughter of Big John Canadian, whose father is unknown.[3]

Curotte: this name is based on the French name Cureau or Curot. Pierre Curotte Taronhiorens married Marie-Joseph Karenhatirontha before 1748. Pierre's origins are vague, but he may have been a stolen or illegitimate child.[3]

D'Ailleboust: this name originates from Ignace Soteriioskon dit D'Ailleboust, born in about 1733 (and died in 1797) from the marriage of Catherine Kawennakaion and La Prairie resident Antoine D'Ailleboust, sieur de Coulogne et de Mantet. The name is now spelled Diabo.[3]

De La Ronde: this name is from Paul Niioherasha, son of voyageur Charles-François Denys de la Ronde Thibaudière and Magdeleine Pemadjisoanokwe from Kanesatake. Their own ancestors include Simon and Jeanne Dubreuil, who arrived in Canada in 1651. The name is now spelled Delaronde or Laronde.[3]

De Lorimier: Claude-Nicolas-Guillaume de Lorimier was an officer and wealthy land-owner in Kahnawake. Born in Lachine in 1744, he commanded Native troops during the Seven Years War and the American Revolution. In 1783, he married Marie-Louise Schuyler, an Iroquois woman, and they moved to Kahnawake. In 1801, he married Iroquois Anne Skaouennetsi, with whom he had four children, including Antoine-George de Lorimier. He died in Kahnawake in 1825. Before and after the 1837-1838 Lower Canada Rebellion, there was controversy about De Lorimier's staying in the community.[4] His sons sold their properties and made lives elsewhere. (Although not descendants, the modern-day Delormier and Dell families adopted the name in the early twentieth century to abide by Canadian legislation's forcing people to have a "Canadian" family name.)

Delisle: this name is from Jacques Tewennitashen, born in about 1746 and deceased in 1826. According to tradition, he was the son of an English prisoner brought to Kahnawake. In 1766, he married Catherine Skawenniooha, from Kahnawake.[3]

Giasson: Ignace Giasson married Marie-Louise de Sacquespée, daughter of Amable-Benoît de Sacquespée and Marie-Angélique d' Aillesboust des Musseaux in January 1792, in Montréal. Ignace had two boys: Ignace Jr. married Marie Pollard, a resident of Châteauguay, and lived there; Charles-Gédéon married Agathe McComber, a daughter of Kahnawake resident Jarvis McComber through his first wife, Charlotte Tsionnonna. Marie-Angélique, daughter of Ignace (senior), became the second wife of Jarvis McComber in 1812.[5]

Hill: Jacob Hill, aka Kannetakon, was brought back by Kahnawake men following an expedition to Schenectady. He married Marie Anastasie Konkaientha in 1766. Some of his descendants took the surname JACOB.[3]

La Saussaye: Charles aka Wanoronk appears in the registries in 1783. He appears to be a Huron from Lorette, and son of Oskwesannete and Marie.[3]

Mailloux: Amable Mailloux married French-Canadian Félicité Rollin in Châteauguay in 1793. Their three sons, François-Xavier Tiorateken, Louis Onokohte and Pierre Ohahakehte, were brought up by Kahnawake resident Antoine Otes dit Zacharie and married local Native women. The name is now spelled Mayo or Myiow.[3]

McComber: This name is from Jarvis (Gervais, Gervase) McComber, son of Constant McComber and Mary Earle. In about 1796, at sixteen years of age, he left Massachusetts and, on his own, moved to Kahnawake. He was hired by Thomas Arakwente, who later adopted him. Following several expeditions to the Great Lakes, he married Arakwente's daughter and refused to go back to his family. In 1805, he converted from the Protestant faith to Catholicism. He owned many acres of land, and served as a military officer and interpreter on numerous occasions. He married three times. His first wife was Charlotte Tsionnonna; his second wife was Marie-Angélique Giasson, whom he married in 1812; he married a third time in 1842 to a woman by the name of Hypolite. After having a total of twenty-eight children, he died in 1866 at the age of ninety-five.[3]

McGregor: Pierre Anatorenha McGregor was taken captive with his sister Marie from Deerfield, Massachusetts during a raid in 1704. He and his sister were adopted by an Iroquois family of Kahnawake after being brought there after the raid.[3]

Merry or Murray: Trueman aka Sotsitsionwane was the son of Ephraim and Diane Merry from Boston. He was baptized under the name of Pierre in 1805. He married Marie Saiorio in 1805, Marie Tikos in 1838 and Marie Tsiawenhatie in 1840.[3]

Monique: Louis Onwaskannha was born in 1760, and died in 1810. He married Dorothee Kariwaienhne. He was a Huron from Lorette who had moved to Kahnawake in the early nineteenth century.[3]

Philippe: Pierre Sonorese was born about 1733 and died in 1786. He married Anna Atsiaha around 1755. Not much is known of him from asides from the possibility that he may have been from the United States. The name is now spelled Philip.[3]

Rice: Edmund Rice, from Berkhamstead, England, immigrated to Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1638. His grandson Edmund's two sons, Silas and Timothy Rice, were kidnapped by Kahnawake men in 1704 during Queen Anne's War. Adonijah and Ashur Rice, cousins of Silas and Timothy, were also captured at the same time from a flax field in Massachusetts, brought to Kahnawake and raised by local families.[6] Adonijah was eight years old when he arrived and he grew up and married in Kahnawake. His brother Ashur was eventually ransomed by this family and returned to Massachusetts as a young man.[7] Silas, who was nine years old when he arrived, became Tannhahorens and died in 1779 at the age of 90. Timothy, who was seven years old when he arrived, became Oseronhokion and even served as a chief. Both went on to marry local Mohawk women.[3]

Stacey: John Aionwatha Stacey, an English Protestant boy, was taken captive near Albany in about 1755 during the Seven Years War. Stacey was brought to Kahnawake with Jacob Hill. Married successively to Agnes Karakwannentha, Louise Daudelin in 1784, and Marie Angélique D'Ailleboust des Musseaux in 1769, he had a total of fourteen children.[3]

Tarbell: this name came from John and Zachary Tarbell, ethnic English brothers taken captive as boys along with their sister Sarah from Groton, Massachusetts in June 1707 during Queen Anne's War. After being brought to Kahnawake, the boys were adopted into Mohawk families and converted to Catholicism. (Sarah was redeemed by a French family, converted and in 1708 joined the Congregation of Notre Dame.) The boys as adults married daughters of chiefs, had children and became chiefs themselves. In the 1750s, they led about 30 families to found the new community of Akwesasne. In 1739 the brothers visited family in New England for the first time since capture.[8][9][10]

Williams: Eunice Williams, the daughter of minister John Williams, was captured during the Iroquois-Abenaki-French raid on Deerfield, Massachusetts, on the night of 28 February 1704. Eunice was seven years old at the time. She was adopted, converted to Catholicism and renamed Marguerite (as well as receiving a Mohawk name), and married Francois xx xx, from within the Kahnawake community.[11] She was thoroughly assimilated and refused to leave the community to return to New England life. She visited her brother Stephen Williams more than once in Massachusetts, but lived in Kahnawake the remainder of her life. She died on 26 November 1785 at the age of 89.[11] The name as it is found today in Kahnawake and Kanesatake descends from her and her children.

Zacharie: Otes Zacharie was a retired Huron chief married to a Kahnawake woman called Charlotte. They had two sons, Antoine Otes aka Aientas aka Tekaronhonte, and Michel Kaniatariio.[3]

References

  1. ^ Alfred, Gerald R. 1995: Heeding the Voices of our Ancestors: Kahnawake Mohawk Politics and the Rise of Native Nationalism, Toronto: Oxford University Press
  2. ^ Forbes, J.-Guillaume, 1899: "Saint-François-Xavier-de-Caughnawaga", Bulletin des recherches historiques 5 (5): 130-36
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Faribault-Beauregard, Marthe, 1993: Mariages de Saint-François-Xavier du Sault St. Louis, 1735-1972, Montréal: Société généalogique canadienne-française
  4. ^ Matthieu Sossoyan: The Kahnawake Iroquois and the Lower-Canadian Rebellions, 1837-1838, McGill University, Master's Thesis in Anthropology, 1999: http://de.scientificcommons.org/7829560
  5. ^ Noblesse Québécoise - Généalogie, http://genealogiequebec.info/en/testphp/info.php?no=238708
  6. ^ Parkman, Ebenezer. 1906. The Story of the Rice Boys: Captured by the Indians August 8, 1704. Westborough Historical Society, Westborough, MA. 7pp. Download PDF
  7. ^ "Ashur Rice". Edmund Rice (1638) Association. http://www.edmund-rice.org/era5gens/p28.htm#i95. Retrieved 17 July 2011. 
  8. ^ John Demos, The Unredeemed Captive: A Family Story from Early America, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1994, pp. 186 and 224
  9. ^ Darren Bonaparte, "The History of Akwesasne", The Wampum Chronicles, accessed 1 Feb 2010
  10. ^ Darren Bonaparte, "First Families of Akwesasne", The Wampum Chronicles, accessed 21 Feb 2010
  11. ^ a b John Demos, The Unredeemed Captive: A Family Story from Early America, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1994

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