Neutron research facility

Science with Neutrons
Foundations
Neutron temperature Flux · Radiation · Transport Cross section · Absorption · Activation
Neutron scattering
Neutron diffraction Small-angle neutron scattering GISANS Reflectometry Inelastic neutron scattering Triple-axis spectrometer Time-of-flight spectrometer Backscattering spectrometer Spin-echo spectrometer
Other applications
Radiography and tomography Activation analysis · Prompt gamma activation analysis Fundamental research with neutrons: Ultracold neutrons · Interferometry
Infrastructure
Neutron sources: Research reactor · Spallation · Neutron moderator Neutron optics: Guide · Supermirror · Polarizer Detection
Neutron facilities
America: HFIR · LANSCE · NIST CNR -SNS Australia: OPAL Asia: J-PARC Europe: BER II · FRM II · ILL · ISIS · JINR · LLB · PINS · SINQ Historic: IPNS · HFBR Planned: ESS User Affiliations: ENSA
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A neutron research facility is a big laboratory operating a large-scale neutron source that provides thermal neutrons to a suite of research instruments.

The neutron source is either a research reactor or a spallation source.

Research practice

Science with research is an interesting hybrid of big science and small science: While major facilites are big laboratories with some 100 employees, the science at the individual instruments is typically done by small working groups.

List of neutron facilities

The following list is intended to be exhaustive and to cover active facilities as well as those that are shut down.

Australia

• ANSTO-HIFAR Reactor, Sydney
• OPAL

Canada

• Chalk River Laboratories
• Canadian Neutron Facility

Denmark

• Risø (reactors 1958-2000)

England

• DIDO
• ISIS Spallation Source, Rutherford-Appleton Laboratory, Oxford

France

• ILL - Institut Laue–Langevin (1972-) [1]
• LLB - Laboratoire Léon Brillouin at CEA Saclay

Germany

• FRM I - Technical University, Garching (1957–2000)
• FRM II - Technical University, Garching (2004-)
• FRJ-2 at Forschungszentrum Jülich (1962–2006)
• Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (2005-), a virtual facility that operates instruments at other facilities (FRM II, ILL, SNS) [2]
• FRG-1 - GKSS, Geesthacht near Hamburg (1958-2010)
• Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, formerly HMI - Hahn-Meitner-Institut

Hungary

• KFKI Research Institutes, Budapest

India

• Dhruva, CIRUS and Apsara: Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai
• KAMINI

Japan

• JAERI - Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute
• KENS - High Energy Accelerator Organisation, KEK
• KURRI - Research Reactor Institute (Kyoto)
• JSNS - (part of the Japan proton accelerator research complex (J-PARC)

Netherlands

• IRI - Interfaculty Reactor Institute, Delft University of Technology

Poland

• Maria reactor – POLATOM Instute of Nuclear Energy, Świerk-Otwock
• Ewa reactor – POLATOM Instute of Nuclear Energy, Świerk-Otwock (1958–1995)

Russia

• IBR Fast Pulsed Reactors (Dubna)
• JINR - Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna
• Gatchina

Sweden

• NFL - Studsvik Neutron Research Laboratory, Studsvik
• ESS - European Spallation Source (project) [3]

Switzerland

• PSI - Paul Scherrer Institute

United States

• HFBR - High Flux Beam Reactor, Brookhaven (1965–1996)
• IPNS - Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne National Laboratory
• LANSCE - Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (Los Alamos)
• NIST - Center for Neutron Research, Gaithersburg near Washington D.C.
• ORNL - High Flux Isotope Reactor, Oak Ridge National Laboratory
• SNS - Spallation Neutron Source, Oak Ridge (Tennessee)

External links

• List of major active neutron facilities