Nausicaä (character)

Nausicaä
Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind character
Nausicaä on the cover of volume 2 of the Viz "Editor's Choice" manga release. Teto is on her shoulder.
Created by	Hayao Miyazaki
Voiced by	Sumi Shimamoto Alison Lohman
Profile
Nationality	Valley of the Wind
Notable relatives	King Jihl (father)

Nausicaä (ナウシカ, Naushika^?, pronounced [na.uɕika]) is a fictional character from the science fiction manga series Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind, created by Hayao Miyazaki, and the anime film by the same name, which was directed by Miyazaki. Nausicaä is the princess of the Valley of the Wind, a minor kingdom in a post-apocalyptic world, and she succeeds her ill father to the throne during the course of the manga.

Fuelled by her love for others and for life itself, Nausicaä studies the ecology of her world to understand the Sea of Corruption (or Toxic Jungle in the anime) which came into being after the Seven Days of Fire, a technological war which killed most of humanity.

Nausicaä has an impressive commitment and a magnetism that causes her to be admired and adored by all. Her empathy allows her to communicate with many animals, including the Ohmu, an intelligent race of giant insects who are guardians of the Sea of Corruption or Toxic Jungle and are feared by most other humans.

Development

The beginning of the character of Nausicaä is in an aborted project of Miyazaki's. He wished to adapt Richard Corben's Rowlf (about a princess protected by her dog) into an anime. Miyazaki found similarities with Beauty and the Beast which would inspire him to wish to create a character which highlighted the theme of "devotion, self-giving".^[1] Finding Corben's princess "bland", Miyazaki imagined "a young girl with character, brimming with sensitivity and contrasted with an incapable father".^[2] This character, named "Yala" (ヤラ^?) by Miyazaki, was a young princess who was "bearing the crushing weight of her destiny" when her sick father abdicated, leaving the burden of the kingdom to her, and having to bridle her personal aspirations.^{[3][n 1]} Miyazaki gave Yala a dog "which always accompanied her from a young age and especially cared for his mistress".^[4] This dog is found in many design sketches of Yala.^[4][5][6]

The transition of Yala to Nausicaä came when Miyazaki began to develop the character. Miyazaki intended Yala to wear short pants and moccasins, exposing her bare legs "to effectively show vigourous movements and a dynamic character", but was forced to abandon that idea as it did not make sense to expose her legs in the harsh environment in which Nausicaä was evolving. Around that time, Miyazaki began to like the name "Nausicaä", and he renamed the character.^[7]

Nausicaä's name comes from the princess Nausicaa in the Odyssey who assisted Odysseus. The Nausicaa of the Odyssey was "renowned for her love of nature and music, her fervid imagination and disregard for material possessions", traits which Dani Cavallaro sees in Miyazaki's Nausicaä.^[8] In English, the Greek name is normally pronounced /nɔːˈsɪkeɪ.ə/, but in the soundtrack for the film it is /ˈnɔːsɨkə/. Part of her character comes from a Japanese folk hero known as The Princess Who Loved Insects (虫めづる姫君, Mushi Mezuru Himegimi^?), whose story appeared in the Tsutsumi Chūnagon Monogatari while another part was inspired by the writings of Bernard Evslin, as he had written a more in-depth extrapolation of the Odyssey's Nausicaa.^[9]

Hayao Miyazaki, the creator of Nausicaä.

The Princess Who Loved Insects was about a clever and beautiful princess who rather than beautifying herself and courting, would spend her time outdoors playing with bugs and caterpillars.^[10] Miyazaki has said that Evslin's Nausicaa reminded him of the princess who loved insects, and he wondered how the princess who loved insects lived her life after the story ended. He said that the two characters "became fused into one and created the story". He also said that Nausicaä is "governed by a kind of animism".^[11] Miyazaki felt that it was important to make Nausicaä a female because he felt that this allowed him to create more complex villains, saying "If we try to make an adventure story with a male lead, we have no choice but to do Indiana Jones, with a Nazi or someone else who is a villain in everyone's eyes". Miyazaki said of Nausicaä that "[She] is not a protagonist who defeats an opponent, but a protagonist who understands, or accepts. She is someone who lives on a different dimension. That kind of person should be female, not male."^[12] When asked about Nausicaä's "vision and intellect far greater than other people's", her "distinguished fighting skills", and her leadership, including taking "the role of legendary savior", Miyazaki said that he wanted to create a heroine who was not a "consummately normal" person, "just like you or everyone else around you".^[13]

Nausicaä's affinity with the wind was inspired by translations of European geography books from the Middle Ages, where mastery of the wind was described as "witchcraft" and was feared and respected. Mills were described in these books as being used for "pushing sand dunes or grinding grain", which left an impression on Miyazaki. Inspired by the Earthsea cycle of Ursula K. Le Guin, Miyazaki coined the term kaze tsukai (風使い^?) as an alternative to Guin's "Master Windkey", which was translated into Japanese as kaze no shi (風の司^?, lit. "one who controls the wind").^[14]

Miyazaki had intended to make Yala more pulpy than his other female characters, a feature of sketches of her between 1980 and 1982.^[15] However, he realised that he could not draw Nausicaä nude without feeling like he should apologise, changing his idea of the story to be more "spiritual".^[13] When Miyazaki draws Nausicaä in poses which are a little "sexy", like the cover of Animage in March 1993, where Nausicaä smiles while wearing a torn tank top, he cautions that "Nausicaä never takes such a pose", however this does not prevent him from drawing her like this,^[16] saying "Well, if I hadn't drawn her as beautiful, there would have been some problems. I thought that I should settle down and draw her consistently, but every time I drew her, her face changed-even I was overpowered."^[13] He felt that over the 14 year run of the manga, rather than Nausicaä changing as a character, instead Miyazaki felt that he understood her better.^[13]

When Miyazaki is obligated to draw Nausicaä smiling for covers or character posters, he finds it difficult because "it does not match the character of [my] heroine".^[17] He does not like "representing Nausicaä as too radiant or with the attitudes typical of a heroine", and imagines that instead of this, when she is alone, she has a "serious [...] calm and collected" (but "not surly") attitude.^[18] He regards her "sombre and reserved" nature to be offset by her femininity. Miyazaki believes that characters like this, "far from being fulfilled [...] are the most altruistic".^[19]

The kana that Miyazaki chose to write Nausicaä's name in, ナウシカ (nauʃika), was that used by Yataka Kobayashi, the Japanese translator of Bernard Evslin's works. Miyazaki preferred it to the transcriptions of Nausicaä also in use, ノシカ (noʃika) and ノジカ (noʒika).^[14]

Helen McCarthy considers Shuna from Journey of Shuna to be prototypical to Nausicaä,^[20] and Dani Cavallaro feels Lana from Future Boy Conan and Clarisse of Castle of Cagliostro are also prototypical to Nausicaä.^[8]

Character outline

Although a skillful fighter,^[21] Miyazaki's Nausicaä is humane and peace-loving. She has an unusual gift for communicating with the giant insects, and is noted for her empathy toward animals, humans, and other beings. An intelligent girl, Nausicaä frequently explores the toxic wasteland which surrounds the kingdoms, and conducts scientific experiments in an attempt to define the true nature and origins of the toxic world in which she lives. Her explorations are facilitated by her skill at "windriding"; flying with an advanced glider-like craft called Mehve, equipped with a jet-assist.

Plot overview

The story of the manga, refined by Miyazaki over 13 years between February 1982 and March 1994, was published in the magazine Animage and collected into seven volumes. It is much more complex than the story told by the film.

The film was developed in 1983, when Tokuma Shoten, the publisher of Animage, felt that the manga was successful enough to make "a gamble" at a film being economically viable.^[22] The film takes the context and characters, but the scenario is radically different from that of the manga,^[23] although many scenes from the manga (corresponding roughly to the first two volumes) were used with only slight changes.

In the summary below, parts of the manga where Nausicaä is absent have been omitted to focus on the character.

In the manga

Main article: Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind (manga)

Nausicaä is the princess of the Valley of the Wind, a very small nation with fewer than 500 inhabitants (and steadily declining in population).^[24] She is the eleventh child of King Jihl, and the only one to live to maturity. She is rarely seen without her Mehve or her companion, Teto the fox-squirrel. At the beginning of the manga, Nausicaä, the princess of the Valley of the Wind, is set to succeed her ill father, who can no longer go to war to honour an old alliance. Under the command of the princess of Tolmekia, Kushana, Nausicaä needs to go to war against the Dorok Empire in a suicide mission across the Sea of Corruption.^{[n 2]} Delayed in the forest by the attack of Asbel, where she saves the insects, she encounters a tribe of Dorok and learns of their plans to destroy the Tolmekian army. She helps the baby Ohmu which was tortured by the Dorok to attract the insects to the Tomekian army, and her dress is stained blue with its blood. She is recognised as "The Blue Clad One", a figure in the Dorok mythos who is fated to cause a revolution in the world.

Having awakened the old heretical legends, Nausicaä becomes a mortal enemy of the Dorok Holy Emperor Miralupa, who uses his mental powers to try to infiltrate her mind when she is weak. Miralupa is betrayed and murdered by his older brother, Namulith, and at the doors of death, finds his redemption in the spirit of Nausicaä. Nausicaä discovers that the Dorok are using a new fungus of the forest as a biological weapon to extend their reach. She arrives at an understanding of the role of the Sea of Corruption and its inhabitants in the process of purifying the Earth.

When Namulith decided to marry Kushana to form a single empire under his rule, he suffered a rejection due to his body changing and bequeathed the god-warrior to Nausicaä in revenge.^{[n 3]} The god-warrior is a living weapon, an artifact from the ancient world which led to the Seven Days of Fire. Not knowing what to do with this immeasurably dangerous and uncontrollable creature who takes her for its mother, found at Pejite, then stolen by the Tolmekians and finally by the Dorok, Nausicaä names the god-warrior Ohma. She decides to go with Ohma to the Crypt of Shuwa to seal all the technologies of the ancient world behind its doors.

In the garden of Shuwa, Nausicaä goes through a test of character, as the Master of the Garden imitates her mother to tempt her to stay. Ohma, controlled by the Tolmekian Emperor Vuh, fights the Master of the Crypt. After cracking the crypt, Ohma dies of his wounds. Nausicaä finally joins in destroying the foundations of the building, sealing the old technology inside.

In the film

Main article: Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind (film)

After finding the shell of an Ohmu while collecting spores in the Toxic Forest, Nausicaä rescues Master Yupa from an Ohmu that she pacifies.Lord Yupa then gives Nausicaa a fox squirrel she names Teto. Upon returning to the Valley of the Wind, Obaba tells the legend of the Blue Clad One, who will walk in a field of gold and renew the lost link with the Earth. The next night, a Tolmekian airship is attacked by insects and crashes in the Valley of the Wind, and Nausicaä hears the last words of Lastel, a princess of the city of Pejite who wants the ship's cargo to be destroyed. When the people of the Valley of the Wind try to destroy the airborne spores of the Toxic Jungle, they note that a wounded insect that Nausicaä reassured retreated back to the Toxic Jungle.

The cargo of the Tolmekian ship, a hibernating god-warrior, is retrieved by the people of the Valley of the Wind, and they are immediately visited by many Tolmekian ships and tanks who kill King Jihl, the father of Nausicaä. Filled with rage, Nausicaä kills many soldiers before Yupa intervenes. The Tolmekians, led by Princess Kushana, intend to retrieve and awaken the god-warrior, and use it to burn the Toxic Jungle. Obaba opposes this idea, saying that all who have tried to destroy the forest have been killed by the angry Ohmu and the jungle grew over their towns and bodies. However, to avoid a slaughter, Nausicaä agrees to become Kushana's hostage and accompany her to rejoin the main Tolmekian army at the city of Pejite, which the Tolmekians have already conquered.

During the journey, they are attacked by Lastel's brother Asbel, who almost destroys the entire fleet, and is apparently killed. Mito, Nausicaa and Kushana escape using the gunship and land in the jungle. Nausicaa communicates with the Ohmu and discovers that Asbel is alive and she uses her glider to rescue him. They sink into the sands of the jungle and discover a non-toxic world beneath the jungle. Nausicaa realises that the plants of the jungle are purifying the soil and produce clean water and sand.

Actors

Sumi Shimamoto, who voiced Nausicaä in Japanese.

Nausicaä is voiced in Japanese by Sumi Shimamoto, who won the role after impressing Hayao Miyazaki with her performance of Clarisse in Lupin III: The Castle of Cagliostro.^[27] Patrick Drazen praised Shimamoto's acting in a scene where Nausicaä stops an insect from diving into an acidic pool by getting in its way. She is burned by the acid and she screams. Drazen described this scream as being one which "tears at the listener and raises the bar for cartoon voices".^[22] Nausicaä's English-language voice was performed by Alison Lohman.

Reception

In a chapter dealing with "Female masculinity and fantasy spaces", Nausicaä is described as being a "strong young female lead drawn strongly from the shoujo tradition", relating the story of a Takarazuka Revue playwright called Ogita who compares his work with Miyazaki's. For Ogita, it is most important that the heroines of Miyazaki are pure and asexual, to emphasise themes of purity and strength.^[12] who "takes charge" of her own life,^[21] Nausicaä has also been said to have a "brave and wholesome" mind,^[28] and as "one of the best examples of a truly "empowered" female."^[29] Stig Høgset found the too-perfect portrayal of Nausicaä to be unrealistic.^[30] Susan J. Napier argues that as Nausicaa is the heroine of an epic, her competence, powers, and presentation as a messiah are not part of Nausicaa being an unrealistic character, but instead, she is real as a character inside the epic genre.^[31] In the beginning of the film, Nausicaä is presented as "a mix of precocity and fairy-tale innocence", her innocence coming not from naivety but from scientific wonder.^[32] Early in the story, she kills the warriors who killed her father, which Susan J. Napier described as "genuinely shocking,"^[21] and Kaori Yoshida points to as evidence of Nausicaä representing "traditional masculinity rather than femininity".^[28] When she avenges her father's death, the scene is "ambivalent" in its message, suggesting both "a masculine rite-of-passage" and "a moral object lesson", which makes Nausicaä afraid of her own power.^[32] Nausicaä later "comes to regret her vengeance" and becomes a diplomat to prevent further wars between the different states.^[33] Although Nausicaä is a warrior, Nausicaä acts "reassuringly cute" such as taming Teto and calling things "pretty", which contrasts her with San of Princess Mononoke.^[21] Inaga Shimegi feels that Teto's taming is the first glimpse of Nausicaä's "supernatural ability of communication".^[34] Thomas Zoth regards Nausicaä as "Miyazaki's archetypal heroine" and notes shades of her in Ashitaka, San and Lady Eboshi of Princess Mononoke.^[33]

Opinion is divided as to whether Nausicaä is sexualised or not - Napier notes that Nausicaä's relationship with Asbel is "potentially erotic",^[21] but Kaori Yoshida says that Nausicaä's body "is not the typical kind designed to stimulate" the male gaze.^[28] The quality of tapes on early fansubs lead to the rumor that Nausicaä does not wear any pants.^[35] Yoshida presents Hiromi Murase's theory that Nausicaä represents a post-oedipal mother figure.^[28] Susan J. Napier and Patrick Drazen note a parallel between the character of Kushana, the rival warrior princess, and that of Nausicaä: Napier describes Kushana as Nausicaä's "shadow", noting that Kushana is not shown with any "alleviating, feminine" virtues as Nausicaä is, but that they share the same tactical brilliance.^[36] Drazen describes this as a "feminine duality".^[22] Miyazaki has described the two characters as being "two sides of the same coin", but Kushana has "deep, physical wounds".^[13]

Nausicaä is presented as a messiah and also acts on an ideology of how to interact with the natural world. Her powers are presented as proof of the "rightness" of her "mode of thought". Unlike other characters who avoid or try to ignore the forest, Nausicaä is scientifically and beatifically interested in the forest. Lucy Wright believes that Nausicaa's world-view reflects a Shinto worldview, as expressed by Motoori Norinaga: "this heaven and earth and all things therein are without exception strange and marvellous when examined carefully." Wright believes that Nausicaa is presented as a "healing deity", as she is concerned with the space between purity and corruption, and atones for the wrongs of other people.^[37] In the manga, Nausicaa faces an old monk who says "the death of the world is inescapable" because of the folly of men, Nausicaa retorts: "Our God of the Winds teaches us that life is above all! And I love life! The light, the sky, the men, the insects, I love them all more than anything!!"^[38] Later, she responds to the Guardian of the tomb of Shuwa who tries to tell her she is selfish for refusing the purification program of the old Earth and allowing the sacrifice of all the lives of the ancient world: "We can know the beauty and the cruelty of the world without the help of a giant tomb and its retinue of servants. Because our god, he lives in the smallest leaf and the smallest insect."^[39] Raphaël Colson and Gaël Régner see in these tirades a "world view which clearly calls to mind the spirit of Shinto".^[40]

When the god soldier is activated, he chooses Nausicaä to be his "mother" and asks her who she wants him to kill. Marc Hairston considers this to be a recurring theme throughout the manga: Nausicaä is given power and is told to make difficult decisions.^[41] In 2000, Nausicaä placed eleventh in an Animax poll of favourite anime characters.^[42] The first daughter of Jean Giraud is named after the character.^[43] The character Nakiami from Xam'd: Lost Memories has been noted to bear many similarities to Nausicaä.^[44]

Nausicaä won the seventh Animage Grand Prix,^[45] and the June 1987 Grand Prix,^[46] coming second in May 1991,^[47] and again coming first in December 1992.^[48]

Frederik L. Schodt believes that in the film, Nausicaä's character became "slightly sweeter, almost sappy" and suggests that her "high voice" and the low camera angles which show the bottom of her skirt to be due to "an emphasis on 'prepubescent female cuteness' in commercial animation."^[49]

Marc Hairston reads the 1995 music video "On Your Mark" as being Miyazaki's "symbolic release" of Nausicaä.^[50]

Raphaël Colson and Gaël Régner feel that Nausicaa had "to grow up faster than her age" because of her responsibilities, but that she acts with maturity, diplomacy, attention and resolve. They see her as "the princess of an idealised feudal system ... loved and respected by her subjects, ... feared and admired by her enemies."^[51]

Notes

1. ^ For example, waging war in the first volume of the manga on behalf of an allied kingdom, leaving her "secret garden" to die, where she researches the plants of the Sea of Corruption.
2. ^ The mission, given by the brothers of Kushana, is a trap as they fear losing their sister.^[25]
3. ^ Namulith is annoyed by Nausicaä's messianic side and her propensity to elevate people who remind him of Miralupa when he was also a philanthropist: "I will destroy your reputation and humiliate you. The warrior-god will return you to right. [...] Take all on your shoulders and see if you can save this world! Original: « Je briserai ta réputation et je t’humilierai. Le dieu-guerrier te reviendra de droit […] Porte tout cela sur tes épaules, et voyons si tu peux sauver ce monde !! »^[26]

References

1. ^ Hayao Miyazaki , Nausicaä de la vallée du vent : Recueil d'aquarelles par Hayao Miyazaki, Glénat "Ghibli / NAUSICAÄ , 9 November 2006, pp. 147 ISBN 2-7234-5180-1 (French) « la dévotion, le don de soi »
2. ^ Hayao Miyazaki , Nausicaä de la vallée du vent : Recueil d'aquarelles par Hayao Miyazaki, Glénat "Ghibli / NAUSICAÄ , 9 November 2006, pp. 148 ISBN 2-7234-5180-1 (French) « fade »... « une jeune fille au caractère affirmé, débordante de sensibilité et assortie d’un père incapable »
3. ^ Hayao Miyazaki , Nausicaä de la vallée du vent : Recueil d'aquarelles par Hayao Miyazaki, Glénat "Ghibli / NAUSICAÄ , 9 November 2006, pp. 148-149 ISBN 2-7234-5180-1 (French) « portant le poids écrasant de son destin »
4. ^ ^{a b} Hayao Miyazaki , Nausicaä de la vallée du vent : Recueil d'aquarelles par Hayao Miyazaki, Glénat "Ghibli / NAUSICAÄ , 9 November 2006, pp. 178-179 ISBN 2-7234-5180-1 (French) « qui l’accompagnait toujours depuis son plus jeune âge et qui éprouvait des sentiments particuliers envers sa maîtresse »
5. ^ Hayao Miyazaki , Nausicaä de la vallée du vent : Recueil d'aquarelles par Hayao Miyazaki, Glénat "Ghibli / NAUSICAÄ , 9 November 2006, pp. 188 ISBN 2-7234-5180-1 (French)
6. ^ Hayao Miyazaki , Nausicaä de la vallée du vent : Recueil d'aquarelles par Hayao Miyazaki, Glénat "Ghibli / NAUSICAÄ , 9 November 2006, pp. 192-193 ISBN 2-7234-5180-1 (French)
7. ^ Hayao Miyazaki , Nausicaä de la vallée du vent : Recueil d'aquarelles par Hayao Miyazaki, Glénat "Ghibli / NAUSICAÄ , 9 November 2006, pp. 193 ISBN 2-7234-5180-1 (French) « rendre efficacement les mouvements vigoureux d’un personnage dynamique »
8. ^ ^{a b} Cavallaro, Dani (2006) "Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind" in The animé art of Hayao Miyazaki McFarland & Company p. 48 ISBN 978-0786423699
9. ^ Miyazaki, Hayao (w, a). Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind: back cover (), San Francisco, California: Viz Media
10. ^ Blom, Amy (2003-04-01). "Story #4 - The Princess Who Loved Insects". http://students.ou.edu/B/Amy.C.Blom-1/folklore/story4.htm. Retrieved 2008-11-06. ^{[dead link]}
11. ^ Mayumi, Kozo; Solomon, Barry D.; Chang, Jason (2005). "The ecological and consumption themes of the films of Hayao Miyazaki". Ecological Economics 54: 1–7. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2005.03.012. 
12. ^ ^{a b} Roberson, James E.; Suzuki, Nobue (2003). Men and Masculinities in Contemporary Japan: Dislocating the Salaryman Doxa. Routledge. pp. 73. ISBN 0415244463. 
13. ^ ^{a b c d e} Saitani, Ryo (January 1995). "I Understand NAUSICAA a Bit More than I Did a Little While Ago". Comic Box. http://www.comicbox.co.jp/e-nau/e-nau.html. Retrieved 2008-11-06. 
14. ^ ^{a b} Hayao Miyazaki , Nausicaä de la vallée du vent : Recueil d'aquarelles par Hayao Miyazaki, Glénat "Ghibli / NAUSICAÄ , 9 November 2006, pp. 150 ISBN 2-7234-5180-1 (French) « repousser l’avancée des dunes ou moudre le grain »
15. ^ Hayao Miyazaki , Nausicaä de la vallée du vent : Recueil d'aquarelles par Hayao Miyazaki, Glénat "Ghibli / NAUSICAÄ , 9 November 2006, pp. 178 ISBN 2-7234-5180-1 (French)
16. ^ Hayao Miyazaki , Nausicaä de la vallée du vent : Recueil d'aquarelles par Hayao Miyazaki, Glénat "Ghibli / NAUSICAÄ , 9 November 2006, pp. 86 ISBN 2-7234-5180-1 (French) « Nausicaä ne prendrait jamais une telle pose »
17. ^ Hayao Miyazaki , Nausicaä de la vallée du vent : Recueil d'aquarelles par Hayao Miyazaki, Glénat "Ghibli / NAUSICAÄ , 9 November 2006, pp. 26 ISBN 2-7234-5180-1 (French) « ça ne correspond pas au caractère de [son] héroïne »
18. ^ Hayao Miyazaki , Nausicaä de la vallée du vent : Recueil d'aquarelles par Hayao Miyazaki, Glénat "Ghibli / NAUSICAÄ , 9 November 2006, pp. 80 ISBN 2-7234-5180-1 (French) « représenter Nausicaä trop rayonnante ou dans des attitudes typiques d’héroïne » ... « grave […] calme et posée » ... « pas renfrognée »
19. ^ Hayao Miyazaki , Nausicaä de la vallée du vent : Recueil d'aquarelles par Hayao Miyazaki, Glénat "Ghibli / NAUSICAÄ , 9 November 2006, pp. 152 ISBN 2-7234-5180-1 (French) « sombre et réservée ».... « loin d’être épanouis […] sont les plus altruistes »
20. ^ McCarthy, Helen (1 January 2006). 500 Manga Heroes and Villains. Barron's Educational Series. pp. 70. ISBN 978-0764132018. 
21. ^ ^{a b c d e} Napier, Susan J. (2001). "Confronting Master Narratives: History As Vision in Miyazaki Hayao's Cinema of De-assurance". Positions east asia cultures critique 9: 467–493. doi:10.1215/10679847-9-2-467. ISBN 1067984792467. 
22. ^ ^{a b c} Drazen, Patrick (October 2002). "Flying with Ghibli: The Animation of Hayao Miyazaki and Company". Anime Explosion! The What, Why & Wow of Japanese Animation. Berkeley, California: Stone Bridge Press. pp. 253–280. ISBN 1-880656-72-8. 
23. ^ Napier, Susan (2001). "Anime and Global/Local Identity". Anime from Akira to Princess Mononoke (1st ed.). New York: Palgrave. pp. 20. ISBN 0-312-23863-0. 
24. ^ Miyazaki, Hayao (w, a). Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind (1984), Tokyo, Japan: Tokuma Shoten
25. ^ Hayao Miyazaki (trans. Yann Leguin), Nausicaä de la vallée du Vent. 2 , vol. 2, Glénat , coll. « Ghibli / NAUSICAÄ », 15 November 2000, 180x256mm, p.54 ( ISBN 2-7234-3390-0 et ISBN 978-2-7234-3390-7 (French)
26. ^ Hayao Miyazaki (trans. Olivier Huet), Nausicaä de la vallée du Vent. 6, vol. 6, Glénat, coll. « Ghibli / NAUSICAÄ », 14 November 2001, 180x256mm, p.148 (ISBN 2-7234-3394-3 et ISBN 978-2-7234-3394-5) (French)
27. ^ McCarthy, Helen (2002). Hayao Miyazaki: Master of Japanese Animation : Films, Themes, Artistry. San Francisco, California: Stone Bridge Press. pp. 57. ISBN 1880656418. 
28. ^ ^{a b c d} Yoshida, Kaori (2002). Evolution of Female Heroes: Carnival Mode of Gender Representation in Anime. Western Washington University. http://journals2.iranscience.net:800/mcel.pacificu.edu/mcel.pacificu.edu/aspac/home/papers/scholars/yoshida/yoshida.php3. Retrieved 2007-09-22. 
29. ^ Napier, Susan J. (1998). "Vampires, Psychic Girls, Flying Women and Sailor Scouts". In Martinez, Dolores P.. The Worlds of Japanese Popular Culture: Gender, Shifting Boundaries and Global Culture. Cambridge University Press. pp. 106. ISBN 0521631289. 
30. ^ Høgset, Stig. "Nausicaä of the Valley of Wind". T.H.E.M. Anime Reviews 4.0. http://www.themanime.org/viewreview.php?id=1153. Retrieved 2009-11-05. 
31. ^ Napier, Susan J. (2001). "The Enchantment of Estrangement: The shōjo in the world of Miyazaki Hayao". Anime from Akira to Princess Mononoke (1st ed.). New York: Palgrave. pp. 135–138. ISBN 0-312-23863-0. 
32. ^ ^{a b} http://www.nausicaa.net/miyazaki/nausicaa/article_ao_foundation.txt
33. ^ ^{a b} Zoth, Thomas. "10 Iconic Anime Heroines". Mania Entertainment. http://www.mania.com/10-iconic-anime-heroines_article_120015.html. Retrieved 22 January 2010. 
34. ^ http://shinku.nichibun.ac.jp/jpub/pdf/jr/IJ1106.pdf
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Further reading

• Dufayet, Nathalie (2006) "Nausicaä de la Vallée du Vent : la grande saga mythopoétique de Hayao Miyazaki" in Montandon, Alain (e.d.) Mythe et bande dessinée Clermont-Ferrand, France: Presses de Université Blaise-Pascal pp. 39–53 ISBN 2-8451-6332-0 (French)
• Hairston, Marc (2010) "Miyazaki's Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind: Manga into Anime and Its Reception" in Johnson-Woods, Toni (e.d.) Manga: An Anthology of Global and Cultural Perspectives Continuum International Publishing Group ISBN 9780826429384
• Miyazaki, Hayao [1996] (2007) The Art of Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind: Watercolor Impressions Viz Media ISBN 1-4215-1499-0
• Napier, Susan J. (2005) Anime: From Akira to Howl's Moving Castle Palgrave Macmillan ISBN 1-4039-7052-1
• Vincent, Marie; Lucas Nicole (2009) "Nausicaa de la vallée du vent, une écologie du monstrueux" in Travelling sur le cinéma d'animation à l'école Editions Le Manuscrit pp. 208–213 ISBN 2-3040-3046-7 (French)