- Munchique National Natural Park
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Parque Nacional Natural Munchique Munchique National Natural Park IUCN Category II (National Park)
Nearest city El Tambo, Cauca, Colombia Coordinates 02°42′N 77°05′W / 2.7°N 77.083°WCoordinates: 02°42′N 77°05′W / 2.7°N 77.083°W Area 440 km2 (170 sq mi) Established May 1977[1] Governing body SINAP The Munchique National Natural Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional Natural Munchique) is a national park located in the Cauca Department in the Cordillera Occidental range in the Andean Region of Colombia. There are 30 streams and rivers, and 40 waterfalls in the area. The diversity of thermal levels makes the park a paradise for birds, especially hummingbirds.[2]
Contents
General
It is located in El Tambo, on the western slopes of the Cordillera Occidental, 61 km from the city of Popayán. It shares borders with the municipalities of Lopez, and Morales Cajibio.
It was declared a national park in May 1977 and covers and area of 440 km2 (170 sq mi). The park takes its name from the Munchique Mountain, located in the southeast part of the area.[3][4] Many of the rivers in the area are tributaries to the San Juan de Micay River, one of the largest rivers in the Colombian Pacific Basin, that eventually reaches the Pacific Ocean.[4] It is currently in danger due to illegal crops and other ecological threats.[4]
Climate
There are several climate levels in the area, shifting with elevation: warm, 200 m (660 ft)–1,000 m (3,300 ft) above mean sea level; temperate, 1,000 m (3,300 ft)–2,000 m (6,600 ft); and cold, 2,000 m (6,600 ft)–3,500 m (11,500 ft). Average temperature is 24°C at the lower elevations, and 8°C at the highest. Average yearly rainfall is 3000 mm in the higher parts and it significantly increases with decreasing height up to 5000 mm in the lower areas.[3] The largest precipitation occurs in December and minimum in June–August. The heavy rains results in a relative humidity, 87%.[5]
Flora and fauna
In the warm and temperate zones it is possible to find trees reaching above 40 m (130 ft).[3] The number of trees diminishes as elevation increases and epiphytes becomes more common.[5]
The park has one of Colombia's highest biodiversity indices and a high number of endemic and endangered species, this due to low human activity in the area and diversity of thermal levels.[2][5] Some 500 species of birds have been recorded in the area, 37 of which are hummingbirds. Noteworthy birds include scaly-footed small-eared shrew, long-wattled umbrellabird and the booted racket-tail, the latter being endemic to the region.[6] The park is also home to 182 mammals, among them spectacled bears, pumas, jaguars, Northern pudú, South American Coati, porcupines and three species of ocelot.[6] Other species include 71 amphibians, 70 bats and 55 butterfly species (all belonging too the Satyrinae subfamily).[3][5][7] In 2003 a new species of wren was found in the area and named Munchique Wood-Wren after the park.[8]
Footnotes
- ^ IUCN 1982, p. 141
- ^ a b "Parque Nacional Natural de Munchique" (in Spanish). Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia. http://www.parquesnacionales.gov.co/PNN/portel/libreria/php/decide.php?patron=01.0117. Retrieved 10 July 2010.
- ^ a b c d "Munchique, Tesoro Selvático Del Cauca". El Tiempo. 29 August 1997. http://www.eltiempo.com/archivo/documento/MAM-638798. Retrieved 11 July 2010.
- ^ a b c Villegas & Sesana 2007, p. 143
- ^ a b c d Villegas & Sesana 2007, p. 144
- ^ a b "Nature & Science Munchique". Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia. http://www.parquesnacionales.gov.co/PNN/portel/libreria/php/decide.php?patron=02.011603. Retrieved 10 July 2010.
- ^ "Parque Nacional Natural de Munchique" (in Spanish). Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia. http://www.parquesnacionales.gov.co/PNN/portel/libreria/php/decide.php?h_id=136&patron=01.011703. Retrieved 10 July 2010.
- ^ Salaman et al. 2003, p. 6
References
- IUCN (1982) (in Spanish and English), IUCN directory of neotropical protected areas, IUCN, ISBN 9780907567622, http://www.archive.org/details/iucndirectoryofn82iucn.
- Villegas, Benjamin; Sesana, Laura (2007), Colombia Natural Parks, Villegas Asociados, ISBN 9789588156873, http://books.google.com/books?id=HoDPr04hHCQC.
- Salaman et al. (2003), "A new species of Wood-wren (Troglodytidae: Henicorhina) from the Western Andes of Colombia", Ornitología Colombiana (1), ISSN 1794-0915, http://www.ornitologiacolombiana.org/REVISTA/Salaman.pdf, retrieved 11 July 2010
External links
Media related to Parque Nacional Natural Munchique at Wikimedia Commons- The park's page at Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia (Spanish)
Protected areas of Colombia National parks Amacayacu · Chingaza · Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta · Cueva de los Guácharos · Doña Juana-Cascabel Volcanic Complex · El Tuparro · Farallones de Cali · Gorgona Island · Lake Iguaque · Las Hermosas · Los Katíos · Los Nevados · Munchique · Nevado del Huila · Old Providence McBean Lagoon · Puracé · Rosario and San Bernardo Corals · Serranía de los Churumbelos · Serranía de la Macarena · Serranía de Macuira · Sierra Nevada del Cocuy · Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta · Sumapaz · Tamá · Tayrona · YariguíesFlora and fauna sanctuaries Flora sanctuaries Unique natural area Los Estoraques Unique Natural AreaRoad parks Salamanca IslandCategories:- IUCN Category II
- National parks of Colombia
- Protected areas established in 1977
- Cauca Department
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