Mayawati

Mayawati
"Mayavati" redirects here. For figure in Hindu mythology: daughter-in-law of Krishna, see Rati.
Mayawati
Mayawati
  • 23rd, 24th, 30th and 32nd
  • Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh
[1]
Incumbent
Assumed office
13 May 2007
Preceded by Mulayam Singh Yadav
In office
3 May 2002 – 29 August 2003
Preceded by President's rule
Succeeded by Mulayam Singh Yadav
In office
21 March 1997 – 21 September 1997
Preceded by President's rule
Succeeded by Kalyan Singh
In office
3 June 1995 – 18 October 1995
Preceded by Mulayam Singh Yadav
Succeeded by President's rule
Personal details
Born 15 January 1956 (1956-01-15) (age 55)
New Delhi
Political party Bahujan Samaj Party
Spouse(s) Unmarried
Relations Six brothers and two sisters
Residence Lucknow
Alma mater University of Delhi
Meerut University
Occupation Politician

Mayawati (Hindi: मायावती) (born 15 January 1956) is the Chief Minister[2] of Uttar Pradesh, India.[3][4] She heads the Bahujan Samaj Party, which represents the Bahujans or Dalits, the weakest strata of Indian society. This is her fourth term as Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh. An icon for millions of India's Dalits, who were oppressed by the Hindu upper castes for centuries, she is often referred to as Behen-ji, which means sister.[5]

Mayawati's rise from humble beginnings has been called a "miracle of democracy" by P. V. Narasimha Rao, former Prime Minister of India.[6] In 1993 she formed a coalition with the Samajwadi Party and emerged, at 39, the youngest chief minister of Uttar Pradesh and the first Dalit woman Chief Minister in India.[5] In 1997 and in 2002, she was Chief Minister in coalition with the Bharatiya Janata Party, the second time for a full term. In two of these coalitions, she withdrew her support on 29 August 2003 halfway through the term.

Mayawati's tenure has attracted considerable controversy. She is now India's richest Chief Minister.[7] The rise in her personal wealth[8] and that of her party[9] are described by critics as indicators of corruption.[5][10] Acts such as pulling down a stadium to build a monument to leaders of her party, including herself, are seen as whimsical and arbitrary,[11] and her style has been compared to "running a fiefdom".[12]

Contents

Personal life

Mayawati's father Prabhu Das was a post office employee at Badalpur, Gautam Buddha Nagar.[2] She was born in New Delhi at Shrimati Sucheta Kriplani Hospital.[2] The family belonged to the Jatav subcaste of the Chamar community, at the upper end[13] of the scheduled castes. The "family's small income" was spent on sending the sons to private schools while the daughters went to "low-performing government schools".[14]

Mayawati was a good student and did two degrees – a Bachelors of Arts and an LL.B. (Law) from Kalindi Women's College under the University of Delhi. Subsequently, she did her B.Ed from VMLG College, Ghaziabad.[2] She was working as a teacher in Inderpuri JJ Colony, Delhi, and studying for the Indian Administrative Services exams, when Dalit politician Kanshi Ram came to their house in 1977. According to biographer Ajoy Bose, Kanshi Ram said, "I can make you such a big leader one day that not one but a whole row of IAS officers will line up for your orders."[14] She was part of Kanshi Ram's team when he founded the Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) in 1984. In 1989 she was elected to the parliament from Bijnor.

At Kanshi Ram's funeral ceremonies in 2006, Mayawati said they had both been following Buddhist traditions and customs.[15] Her act of performing the last rites of Kanshi Ram (traditionally done by a male heir) was an instance of their views against gender discrimination.[15] She has indicated that she may formally convert to Buddhism at some point.[16]

Political career

In 1984 Kanshi Ram founded the BSP as a party to represent the Dalits and Buddhists.[17] Mayawati was a key member of this organisation. BSP fielded Mayawati for its first election campaign from the Kairana Lok Sabha (Lower House) seat in the Muzaffarnagar district in 1984, and then again for the Lok Sabha seats of Bijnor in 1985 and Haridwar in 1987. In 1989 she was elected for the Lok Sabha seat of Bijnor, with a total of 183,189 votes.[18][19]

Although BSP did not win, the electoral experience led to considerable activity for Mayawati over the next five years, as she worked with Mahsood Ahmed and other organisers. In the 1989 election, the party won 9% of the popular vote and 13 seats. It won 11 seats in the 1991 election. Because the Dalits are widely spread over the state, Kanshi Ram and Mayawati then adopted a policy of attracting other groups, which continues today.

Mayawati won election to the Lok Sabha for the first time in 1989, from Bijnor. In 1995, while a member of the Rajya Sabha (Upper House), she became a Chief Minister in a short-lived coalition government, and validated her position by winning from two constituencies in 1996. She was again Chief Minister for a short period in 1997, and then for a somewhat longer term in coalition with the Bharatiya Janata Party from 2002 to 2003. Before that in 2001 her mentor, Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) president Kanshi Ram, named her as his successor.

Mayawati has said in an interview that she has no time for family life or romantic relationships because she wants to focus on her political career and this is why she remains unmarried.[20]

2007 Uttar Pradesh Assembly elections

Contrary to some poll predictions, BSP won a majority in the 2007 elections, the first such majority since 1991. Mayawati attracted support from Brahmins, Thakurs, Muslims, and members of other backward classes. These people voted for a Dalit party for the first time, partly because BSP had offered seats to people from these communities. The campaign was accompanied by a colourful slogan: Haathi nahin, Ganesh hain, Brahma, Vishnu Mahesh Hain: "The elephant (BSP Logo) is really the Lord Ganesha, the trinity of gods rolled into one". Her new slogan invited everyone, including the higher castes, to "come ride the elephant", her party's election symbol.[5]

Chief Minister, 2007

Mayawati was sworn in as Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh for the fourth time on 13 May 2007. She announced an agenda that focused on providing social justice to the weaker sections of society and providing employment instead of distributing money to the unemployed. Her slogan was to make "Uttar Pradesh" ("Northern Province") into "Uttam Pradesh" ("Excellent Province").

In 2007 Mayawati's government began a major crackdown on irregularities in the recruitment process of police officers recruited during the previous Mulayam Singh government. So far 17,868 policemen have lost their jobs for irregularities in the recruitment process and 25 IPS officers were suspended for their involvement in corruption while recruiting the police constables.[21][22] Mayawati is instituting reforms to introduce transparency into the recruiting process, including posting results of selection exams online.[23]

As part of her social reform plans she advocates reservation for the poor among upper castes in addition to reservation for weaker sections of society. Reservation in India is a system whereby a percentage of government positions and seats in all universities are reserved for persons in backward classes and scheduled castes and tribes.[24]

2009 parliamentary elections

The BSP won 20 seats in Lok Sabha from the state of Uttar Pradesh in the 2009 elections. The BSP obtained the highest percentage (27. 42%) of votes in Uttar Pradesh for any one political party. It was in third position in terms of national polling percentage (6.17%).[25]

Political and legal issues

Taj corridor case

Main article: Taj corridor case

In 2003 the CBI raided Mayawati's residence in relation to the Taj corridor case, two days after it had filed an First Information Report against her.[26] This led to discovery of assets disproportionate to her known income.[27][28]

In June 2007 The UP Governor T.V. Rajeswar has said that there isn't enough evidence against UP Chief Minister Mayawati for her prosecution in the Taj Corridor case. Governor Rajeswar in his 23-page order refused to grant sanction to prosecute Mayawati in the taj Corridor scam, Governor Rajeswar in his 23-page order said: 'the fact that the Mission Management Board, consisting of officers of both the State and the Central Government, regularly met and discussed the project and the fact that even a sum of Rs. 17 crore was spent through the Central Government public sector undertaking, NPCC, all go to show that the serious offences with which Mayawati and the Minister were charged do not stand scrutiny..' [29]

Advocates challenged the Governor's T.V. Rajeswar decision in court, but failed as the Supreme Court rejected plea of the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) and by refusing to direct state Governor T V Rajeshwar for granting sanction to prosecute her, and effectively ending the Taj corridor case before going to trail. [30] [31] [32]

Birthdays

Mayawati's past birthdays have been major media events, where she appeared laden with diamonds.[5] Her supporters have declared her birthday as Jan Kalyankari Diwas (People's Welfare Day). In 2009 the day was marked by the announcement of welfare schemes targeted towards poor and downtrodden people of the state.[33] Her 2010 birthday was marked by the launch of programmes with a value of over Rs 7,312 crores.[34]

Disproportionate assets case

Mayawati's assets run into millions of dollars, with several properties to her name.[5] In the 2007–08 assessment year, Mayawati paid an income tax of Rupees 26 crores, ranking among the top 20 taxpayers in the country. Earlier the CBI had filed a case against her for owning assets disproportionate to her known sources of income. Mayawati described the CBI investigation against her as illegal.[35] Her party asserts that her income comes from gifts and small contributions made by party workers and supporters.[36][37]

On August 3, 2011 Delhi High court has dismissed center’s appeal against Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Mayawati stating that "she(Mayawati) has fully discharged her obligations by disclosing the identities of all of her donors, the gifts had been donated by her supporters”. [38]

The central government decided not to file an appeal in Supreme Court against the Delhi High Court’s decision to uphold an order of the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal (ITAT) favoring Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Mayawati, in Disproportionate assets case. [39]

Statues

In her tenures as a Chief Minister, Mayawati erected number of statues of Buddhist and Dalit icons like Gautam Buddha, Ravidas, Narayana Guru, Jyotirao Phule, Shahuji Maharaj, Periyar Ramasami, Bhimrao Ambedkar, BSP founder Kanshi Ram, and of herself.[40] She claims that the expenditure on statues and symbols of Dalit Icons was required because the past governments did not show respect towards Dalit icons, in whose memory nothing was ever built.[41] She has spent over Rs 2,500 crore on projects of five parks and memorials like B R Ambedkar Samajik Parivartan Sthal and Manyavar Kanshiram Smarak Sthal, built in the name of Bhimrao Ambedkar, Ramabai Ambedkar, and Kanshi Ram in Lucknow between 2007 and 2009.[42][43] The Comptroller and Auditor General of India reported that Rs. 15 Crore was spent on memorials.[44] The Supreme Court of India admitted a Public Interest Litigation questioning this expenditure. In February 2010, Mayawati's government approved a plan for a special police force to protect the statues. She feared that her political opponents might demolish the statues.[45] There are incidents of vandalism of statues of Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar in India.[46][47][48][49]

In October 2011 Mayawati inaugurated the Rashtriya Dalit Prerna Sthal and Green Garden, built at a cost of INR 685 crores.[50] Since the memorial also features her own statues, Mayawati was accused by the Indian National Congress of wasting the tax-payers' money.[51] The BSP dismissed the allegations, and stated that her statues were erected because Kanshi Ram's will requested that his statues should be constructed next to those of the current President of BSP. Mayawati accused the Congress of being "anti-Dalit".[51]

World Bank criticism

The World Bank loaned India funds for development, and Mayawati was to manage projects with this money in UP.[52] The projects were preplanned and on schedule, but the Mayawati government made changes which put the project behind schedule. The World Bank sent a 1 August 2002 letter of complaint to India's central government stating, "We have now learnt that project managers have been replaced within three weeks of assuming office. The project coordinator of the Diversified Agriculture Support Project has been changed twice in quick succession and at the moment there is no project coordinator. In the forestry project, numerous changes have been made over the past six months ... Such developments do not augur well for these time-bound projects that require consistently good leadership."[53]

WikiLeaks allegations

Diplomatic cables published in 2011 through WikiLeaks detailing the opinions of American civil servants asserted that Mayawati ran all governmental decisions through her small group of advisors and that she employed food tasters for security.[54] The diplomatic cables also alleged that Mayawati sent a private jet to Mumbai to retrieve some sandals.[55] Mayawati responded to the cables by saying that the statements they presented were baseless.[56]

Other

Kanshi Ram, head of the Bahujan Samaj Party, praised Mayawati at her 47th birthday celebrations for her fundraising activities on behalf of the party. He stated that the party's eventual goal is to gain power in Delhi, and that Mayawati's efforts help in that quest.[57]

Mayawati's public meetings are attended by large audiences, using slogans such as "Kanshi Ram ka mission Adhoora; karegi Behen Mayawati poora" (Kanshi Ram's unfulfilled mission will be completed by Mayawati), "Behenji tum sangharsh karo; hum tumhare saath hain" (Sister, go ahead with your struggle; we are with you).[58]

Books on Mayawati

Many studies have been done on Mayawati and many books have been published, including her autobiographies. One of the first works was journalist Mohammad Jamil Akhter's book, Iron Lady Kumari Mayawati.[59] Her autobiographies are Mere Sangarshmai Jeevan Evam Bahujan Movement Ka Safarnama in three volumes in Hindi, and A Travelogue of My Struggle-ridden Life and of Bahujan Samaj, in English in two volumes.[60] Behenji : A Political Biography Of Mayawati is a biography by veteran journalist Ajoy Bose.[14]

See also

  • Ambedkar Samajik Parivarthan Sthal

References

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External links

Timeline

Political offices
Preceded by
Mulayam Singh Yadav		 Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh
13 June 1995 – 18 October 1995		 Succeeded by
President's Rule
Administered by the Governor of Uttar Pradesh,
Motilal Vora 18 October 1995 – 3 May 1996
Mohammad Shafi Qureshi 3 May 1996 – 19 July 1996
Romesh Bhandari 19 July 1996 – 21 March 1997
title/post subsequently held by-
Mayawati
Preceded by
President's Rule
Administered by the Governor of Uttar Pradesh,
Motilal Vora 18 October 1995 – 3 May 1996
Mohammad Shafi Qureshi 3 May 1996 – 19 July 1996
Romesh Bhandari 19 July 1996 – 21 March 1997
title/post previously held by-
Mayawati		 Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh
21 March 1997 – 21 September 1997		 Succeeded by
Kalyan Singh
Preceded by
President's Rule
Administered by the Governor of Uttar Pradesh, V K Shastri
title/post previously held by-
Rajnath Singh		 Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh
3 May 2002 – 29 August 2003		 Succeeded by
Mulayam Singh Yadav
Preceded by
Mulayam Singh Yadav		 Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh
13 May 2007 – Present		 Succeeded by
Incumbent
v · d · eDalit
Early leaders
Leaders after independence
Dalit writers
Dalit literature
Dalit events and movements
Dalit social and political parties
Social group
Political parties

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