Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting 2011

22nd Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting

Hosted
Location	Perth, Australia
Opening date	28 October 2011
Closing date	30 October 2011
Chairperson	Julia Gillard (Prime Minister)
Retreat location	Kings Park
Heads of State or Government	36[1]
Main issues
Succession to the throne Diamond Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II Human rights Future of the Commonwealth

The Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting 2011, commonly known as CHOGM 2011,^[2][3] was the twenty-second Meeting of the Heads of Government of the Commonwealth of Nations. Held in Perth, Australia, between 28 - 30 October, 2011 and hosted by the Prime Minister Julia Gillard.

Venue

Perth, Western Australia, hosted the conference, the first time the city hosted the event and the first time the event has been held in Australia since the 2002 meeting at Coolum, Queensland. Kings Park served as the leaders' retreat.^[4]

Security

A heavy security presence was placed in Perth with many parts of the city being declared "security areas" as delegated with newly enumerated authority to clamp down on protests. In the Perth Central Business District, where the Queen was due to open the summit, nearly every street corner had a police presence. F/A-18 Hornet fighter jets of the Royal Australian Air Force also patrolled the skies.^[5]

Opening session

The Head of the Commonwealth, Queen Elizabeth II, incorporated the CHOGM Official Opening into her official visit to Australia, accompanied by her husband, Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. The tour lasted from 19 October to 29 October and included visits to Canberra, Brisbane, Melbourne and Perth.^[6] Guy Sebastian headlined the Official Opening in Perth, performing "Agents of Change," a song written by him especially for the event. In attendance at the ceremony were Queen Elizabeth II, Prime Minister Julia Gillard, the Secretary-General of the Commonwealth Kamalesh Sharma and many heads of government or heads of state from the 53 Commonwealth nations.^[7]

British Prime Minister David Cameron arrived late for the summit as he was attending an EU summit on financial bailouts.^[5]

Discussions

British Prime Minister David Cameron announced his proposals to reform the rules governing the royal succession.^[8] Also discussed were topics on how the Commonwealth should celebrate the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II.^[9]

The summit considered a report by an Eminent Persons Group panel, appointed at the last CHOGM. The panel suggested the Commonwealth's relevance was lost and was further decaying due the the lack of a mechanism to censure member countries when they violated human rights or democratic norms.^[10] The panel also made 106 "urgent" recommendations including the adoption of a Charter of the Commonwealth, the creation of a new commissioner on the rule of law, democracy and human rights to track persistent human rights abuses and allegations of political repression by Commonwealth member states,^[11] recommendations for the repeal of laws against homosexuality in 41 Commonwealth states and a ban on "forced marriage."^[1][12]

Outcome

The other Commonwealth realm prime ministers agreed to British Prime Minister David Cameron's proposal that the rules for the royal succession be reformed.^[8] The reforms need to be approved by parliaments of all 16 realms.^[13] New Zealand will chair a working group to consider the best way of accomplishing this reform in all the countries concerned.^[14]

The summit failed to reach an agreement to endorse or even publish the Eminent Persons Group report; the United Kingdom, Australia and Canada urged the publication of the report but were opposed by India, Nigeria, Sri Lanka, South Africa and Namibia. The EPG had been commissioned at the 2009 CHOGM to make proposals for modernisation and reforms.^[11] The failure to release the report, or accept its recommendations for reforms in the area of human rights, democracy and the rule of law was decried as a "disgrace" by former British Foreign Secretary Sir Malcolm Rifkind, a member of the EPG, who told a press conference: "The Commonwealth faces a very significant problem. It's not a problem of hostility or antagonism, it's more of a problem of indifference. Its purpose is being questioned, its relevance is being questioned and part of that is because its commitment to enforce the values for which it stands is becoming ambiguous in the eyes of many member states. The Commonwealth is not a private club of the governments or the secretariat. It belongs to the people of the Commonwealth."

Abdullah Ahmad Badawi, former prime minister of Malaysia and chair of the EPG, warned "this CHOGM is expected to deliver meaningful reforms of the Commonwealth. If this CHOGM does not deliver such reforms, it is our duty to sound the caution to you that this CHOGM will be remembered not as the triumph it should be, but as a failure."^[12]

On the summit's final day it was agreed to develop a charter of values for the Commonwealth as "one clear, powerful statement" without any agreement about enforcement. Two-thirds of the EPG's 106 recommendations were referred to study groups, an act described by one EPG member^[who?] as having them "kicked into the long grass." There was, however, still no agreement to create the recommended position of human rights commissioner, instead a ministerial management group was empowered with enforcement.^[10] The summit chair, Australian Prime Minister Julia Gillard, hailed the decision to develop the charter of values and adopt new rules for the ministerial management body as "major decisions" and "significant reforms."^[10]

Controversies

Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh skipped the summit in protest against Australia's refusal to sell India uranium as it had not signed the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty,^[15] instead the ceremonial Vice President Hamid Ansari led the Indian delegation. Though reports suggested that the Commonwealth Secretariat had refused to grant Ansari head of government status, the same status and attendant protocol honours Foreign Secretary Ranjan Mathai said that: "In our system, the vice president holds a position of great importance. He is second in the warrant of precedence;" India also claimed that Singh's calendar was full,^[16] but the Commonwealth was not being snubbed as it was still relevant.^[17] Australia later denied that Singh's pull out from the summit was over a refusal to sell uranium.^[18][19]

Canadian prime minister Stephen Harper walked out of the summit during its last day when Sri Lankan President Mahinda Rajapaksa was invited to speak. He also had threatened to boycott the 2013 CHOGM summit, scheduled to be held in Sri Lanka, if allegations of human rights abuses against the country's Tamil minority were not investigated.^[10]

In response to a suggestion by British Prime Minister Cameron that the United Kingdom would cut off aid to any country that failed to recognise LGBT rights, President of Ghana John Atta Mills pledged to never support or initiate any attempt to legalise homosexuality in his country and decried attempts by one country to dictate the societal norms of another state.^[20]

References

1. ^ ^{a b} Cheadle, Bruce (29 October 2011). "Commonwealth leaders still haggling over human rights reforms". Toronto Star. http://www.thestar.com/news/canada/politics/article/1078175--commonwealth-leaders-still-haggling-over-human-rights-reforms?bn=1. Retrieved 29 October 2011. 
2. ^ CHOGM2011 – chogm2011.org. Retrieved 19 October 2011.
3. ^ CHOGM 2011 – perth.wa.gov.au. Retrieved 19 October 2011.
4. ^ CHOGM 2011 Retreat location announced – chogm2011.org. Published 1 June 2011. Retrieved 19 October 2011.
5. ^ ^{a b} (27 October 2011). Australia police out in force for Commonwealth meet. Times of Oman. Muscat Press and Publishing House.
6. ^ Williams, Philip (25 September 2011). Palace releases details of Queen's Australia visit. ABC News. Retrieved 19 October 2011.
7. ^ http://www.abc.net.au/lateline/content/2011/s3351123.htm Queen welcomes 54 countries to CHOGM] Retrieved 31 Oct 2011
8. ^ ^{a b} (28 October 2011). Commonwealth agrees first-born girls can be queen. CBC News.
9. ^ "Queen hailed by Commonwealth chief". Press Agency. 11 October 2011. http://www.google.com/hostednews/ukpress/article/ALeqM5iuM2G_bORsXq1qndR7yKmbjZHv2Q?docId=N0861261318254720231A. Retrieved 16 October 2011. 
10. ^ ^{a b c d} Cheadle, Bruce (30 October 2011). "Commonwealth leaders agree to develop charter of values and little else". Toronto Star. http://www.thestar.com/news/canada/article/1078397--commonwealth-leaders-agree-to-develop-charter-of-values-and-little-else?bn=1. Retrieved 30 October 2011. 
11. ^ ^{a b} Kennedy, Mark (29 October 2011). "Commonwealth leaders refuse to publish reports key findings". Vancouver Sun. http://www.vancouversun.com/life/Commonwealth+leaders+refuse+publish+report+findings/5628156/story.html. Retrieved 29 October 2011. 
12. ^ ^{a b} Watt, Nicholas (29 October 2011). "Commonwealth leaders under fire for refusing to publish human rights report". The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/oct/29/commonwealth-meeting-human-rights-disgrace. Retrieved 29 October 2011. 
13. ^ "Girls equal in British throne succession". BBC. 28 October 2011. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-15492607. Retrieved 28 October 2011. 
14. ^ Prime Minister unveils changes to royal succession, Foreign and Commonwealth Office, 28 October 2011
15. ^ India to snub Australia over refusal to sell uranium. Thoughtful India.
16. ^ (25 Octover 2011). Indian Prime Minister not to attend Commonwealth summit in Australia.
17. ^ India defends Manmohan's absence from Commonwealth meet. Suni Systems.
18. ^ (20 October 2011).Indian PM's Pull Out Not Related to Uranium Sale: Oz. OutlookIndia.com. PTI.
19. ^ (29 October 2011). Manmohan Singh Pullout ‘nothing to do with uranium’. e News.
20. ^ "I will never support legalizing homosexuality, Ghana’s President says". National Post. 2 November 2011. http://news.nationalpost.com/2011/11/02/ghanas-president-vows-to-never-support-any-attempts-to-legalize-homosexuality/. Retrieved 2 November 2011.