Christian music festival

A Christian music festival (also known as a Jesus music festival or simply a Jesus festival) is a music festival held by the Christian community, in support of performers of Christian music. The festivals are characterized by more than just music; many feature motivational speakers and evangelists, and include seminars^[1] on Christian spiritual and missions topics, service, and evangelism. They are often viewed as evangelical tools, and small festivals can draw 10 times the crowd of traditional revival meetings.^[2] While the central theme of a Christian festival is Jesus Christ, the core appeal of a Christian music festival remains the artists and their music.^[3][4][5] Critics point out that the dichotomy of business and religious interests can be problematic for Christian festivals. In similar ways as the Christian music industry in general, festivals can be drawn away from their central theme and gravitate toward commercialization and mainstream acts in an attempt to draw crowds.^[1][6][7][8]

Creation Festival, 2007

Though Christian music festivals had been held prior to it, 1972 is seen as a pivotal year for Christian music due to the Explo '72 event, which was concluded by a massive music festival. Today Christian music festivals are held regularly throughout the United States and around the world. Christian music festivals were often supported by evangelical organizations; this is still true today, however, there are a number of free-standing festivals as well. Christian festivals are sometimes attached as secondary events to youth conferences, revival meetings, or billed as a part of a weekend package at theme parks. In 1999 the Gospel Music Association estimated the commercial revenue of Christian music festivals in the United States at approximately $22 million, with a combined attendance of over one-half million people.^[9] Christian music festivals continued to grow significantly into the 2000s, with the number of large festivals rising,^[10] and the formation of a representative organization for the festivals themselves.

While counter-culture is generally accepted many attendees dress conservatively, and unlike their mainstream counterparts Christian music festivals are relatively free of alcohol and drug use.^{[3][9][11][12][13][14]} Even at the Explo '72 festival, which was attended by 150,000 or more people, police reported a trouble free event.^[15]

In the United States

In the early days of the Jesus People movement Christian events were sometimes held as part of secular music festivals.^[14][16] As the genre of Jesus music gained artists, its followers began to sponsor festivals, mimicking secular events such as Woodstock and Monterey Pop Festival.^[5][14][17] One of the first events, the Youth for Christ sponsored Faith Festival, was first held in 1970 in Evansville, Indiana.^[14][18] The event drew enough attention that the following year it garnered coverage by CBS and attracted about 15,000.^[14] Artists at the Faith Festival included Pat Boone, Gene Cotton, Danny Taylor, Crimson Bridge, and "e", a band which included Greg X. Volz.^[19] The attention that the Faith Festivals drew made them prototypes for future Christian music festivals.^[20]

Also in 1970, Asbury Theological Seminary professor Robert Lyon founded the Ichthus Music Festival, which is presently the longest running Christian music festival.^[5][21] The Hollywood Free Paper, a publication about the Jesus people movement, sponsored festivals in California and other areas of the United States.^[18][22] In 1971 the "Love Song Festival", sponsored by Maranatha! Music, was held at Knott's Berry Farm.^[14] Attendance was reported to be 20,000, a park record at the time, and artists included Love Song, The Way, Blessed Hope, and the Children of the Day.^[19] In late 1971 Christianity Today summarized four festivals that had taken place during the summer season.^[22] The same article described the artists who appeared at a Santa Barbara, California event, including Gentle Faith, Tom Howard, Ron Salsbury, The Bridge, and Randy Stonehill, as being "veterans of Jesus rock festivals."^[22]

1972 is seen as a pivotal year for Christian music festivals due to a crusade and evangelism training event called Explo '72, held in Dallas, Texas. Explo was sponsored by the World Conference on Missions and Campus Crusade for Christ.^[6] The week long event was attended by 80,000 registered attendees and concluded with a day long music festival. The attendance of the final event was reported by Life magazine at 150,000^[23] and was characteristic by Billy Graham as a "religious Woodstock."^[15][24] The Explo '72 roster contained artists in a variety of genres including performers Larry Norman, Love Song, Andrae Crouch, and Johnny Cash. Explo '72 was a watershed event for the fledgling Jesus Music genre, and was the most visible event of the Jesus People movement.^[25] It is also the largest Christian music festival ever recorded;^[14] some critics even credit Explo with jump-starting the Christian music industry.^[6][17]

Early Christian music festivals were noted for their conservatism, often limiting their artistic expression to "safe, middle-of-the-road acts."^[8] The Jesus Festival, which was founded in 1973, offers a few illustrative incidents. In their inaugural year they hired a promoter, Tim Landis, who brought in acts such as 2nd Chapter of Acts, Pat Terry, and Phil Keaggy. The conservative owners, who wanted a family oriented music festival, found the music "a little too racy" and fired him.^[1] The following year at the same festival, Randy Matthews was chased off stage by a crowd which pronounced him to be demon or drug possessed due to his musical style and his announcement of an impending tour with Lynyrd Skynyrd and ZZ Top.^[26] Matthews was later dropped from the tour roster.

Christian music festivals in 1975.

View

The number and size of Christian music festivals continued to grow alongside the Christian music industry. By the mid 1970s festivals had appeared in all parts of the country.^[14] Tim Landis went on to found the Creation Festival in 1979, which was designed to appeal the youth,^[21] and has become one of the largest Christian festivals in the United States. For several years Creation was held at the same venue as the Jesus Festival, the Agape Farm, only a few weeks apart.^[1] More specialized festivals appeared to fill niche markets within the industry. The first completely rock music oriented festival was held in 1981.^[27][28] Called Illinois Jam, it featured artists including Barnabas, Servant, Randall Walter, and Randy Stonehill. Christian metal festivals also emerged, particularly in the late 1980s. One such festival was held in Carson, California in September 1987.^[29] The lineup was entirely Christian metal bands and included Guardian, Barren Cross, Vengeance Rising, and many smaller bands.^[29]

Cornerstone main stage, 2007

While the members of Jesus People USA had long been involved in Christian festivals around the country,^[7][8] the Chicago organization founded the Cornerstone Festival in 1984. Seeing the trend toward conservatism, Cornerstone was designed to set itself apart by being artistically unrestrictive.^[4] Its design came from the counter-culture of JPUSA itself, with an intent to appeal to an audience that may not have been attracted to more conservative forms of music.^[7] As Cornerstone magazine editor Jon Trott later characterized it: "Cornerstone would be to Jesus festivals what Seven Up was to cola: the unfestival."^[8] Their slogan in 1984 was "More Rock And Roll Than Anyone Has Dared";^[8] Artists included Kerry Livgren, Resurrection Band, The Choir, Joe English, and the Sweet Comfort Band.^[8] Today Cornerstone is one of the premier Christian music festivals,^[4][6] and is most influential promoting groups on the fringe of Christian music.^[17]

In the 1990s the contemporary Christian music industry experienced explosive growth and saw the establishment of new festivals as well.^[17] The most significant of these are Purple Door and Tomfest, the latter of which regularly holds mini-festivals in diverse parts of the country.^[17] Since the turn of the century traveling tours such as Festival Con Dios and Shout Fest have appeared. They are often similar in structure to their secular counterparts such as Vans Warped Tour or Lolapalooza, offering extreme sports and a carnival-like atmosphere.^[2][30] Throughout the 2000s, the attendance at United States festivals grew significantly. According to one source, the number of Christian music festivals attended by more than 5000 youths grew from five in the year 2000 to 35 in 2006.^[10] As a result of this growth, many US festivals have formed a collective organization, the Christian Festival Association, to represent their interests.

Worldwide

EO Youth Day in the Netherlands

Christian music festivals now exist throughout the world. The Greenbelt Festival, founded in 1974 in the United Kingdom, was at one time one of the largest recurring Christian event in the world.^[31] Germany is host to several festivals; two of the most notable are Freakstock and Christmas Rock Night. In greater Europe notable festivals include Flevo and EO-Youth Day(The Netherlands)Seaside Festival, Norway, the Big Boss' Festival (Switzerland), the Song of Songs Festival (Poland), and Frizon Festival (Sweden).

A sanctioned Christian festival was held in 1989 in Tallinn, Soviet Estonia.^[32] The festival featured performances by American artists such as Sheila Walsh, Bruce Carroll, Paul Smith, and Scott Wesley Brown, and had an attendance of 15,000.^[32] This was reported to be the first such festival. In 1992, after the Fall of the Iron Curtain, a Christian music festival was held in St. Petersburg, Russia.^[33] Dubbed as a "Christian arts festival", the event included acts to appeal to all ages from a variety of styles, largely representing greater Europe and North America. Bands represented included No Longer Music (Holland), Bloodgood (USA), Double Edge (Canada), and Graham Kendrick. The event also included orchestras from the UK and Russia, and Russian headliner Boris Grebenshchikov. The shows, which were organized by Youth With A Mission, sold out 10,000 tickets well in advance.^[33]

New Zealand hosts the Southern Hemisphere's largest Christian festival, the annual Parachute Music Festival. It attracts nearly 30,000 a year, including a large number of non-christians. It is one of New Zealands largest music festivals and is sponsored and covered by most mainstream television and radio networks in the country.

Notes and references

1. ^ ^{a b c d} Nentwig, Wendy Lee (June 2002). "GODapalooza". CCM Magazine 24 (12): 42–46. ISSN 1524-7848. 
2. ^ ^{a b} Fry, Martha J. (2002-10-26). "Rock 'N' Roll Revival.". The Tampa Tribune. p. 4. 
3. ^ ^{a b} Stafford, Tim (November 1993). "Has Christian rock lost its soul?". Christianity Today 37 (14): 14–19. ISSN 0009-5753. "[At Jesus Northwest music festival in Vancouver, Washington, 1993] All day I have seen no drugs or alcohol, just one cigarette, and not a single halter top. Not one couple has stood before me, kissing passionately in public. This is certainly different from the music festivals of my youth. Otherwise, the atmosphere is remarkably similar. It's Woodstock for families; it's county fair and rock concert rolled together. Though the festival offers a number of well-known Christian speakers, and though some of the music groups appeal for a commitment to Jesus (there's a counseling area roped off on the hillside), the atmosphere is not intensely religious. Music is the core attraction, and that old line from The Rolling Stones would apply: 'I know it's only rock 'n' roll, but I like it.'" 
4. ^ ^{a b c} Beaujon, Andrew (2006). Body Piercing Saved My Life: Inside the Phenomenon of Christian Rock. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Da Capo Press. pp. 13–17. ISBN 0-306-81457-9. http://www.bodypiercingsavedmylife.com/. 
5. ^ ^{a b c} Howard, Jay R; Streck, John M. (1999). Apostles of Rock: The Splintered World of Contemporary Christian Music. Lexington, Kentucky: The University of Kentucky Press. pp. 56–59, 151–159. ISBN 081319086X. 
6. ^ ^{a b c d} Thompson, John J. (2001). "By the Time We Got to Woodstock... Christians, Rock and Roll, and Summer Music Festivals". Prism (Evangelicals for Social Action) 8 (3): 30–31. ISSN 1079-6479. 
7. ^ ^{a b c} Hertz, Todd; Eric Pulliam (July 2003). "Jesus' Woodstock: after 20 summers of love, the Cornerstone Festival still opens doors for unknown musicians and unlocks truth for hungry minds". Christianity Today 47 (7): 46–54. ISSN 0009-5753. http://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2003/july/5.46.html. 
8. ^ ^{a b c d e f} Trott, Jon (1996). "Life's Lessons: The History of Jesus People USA Part Six". Cornerstone (Jesus People USA) 25 (108): 47–48. ISSN 0275-2743. http://www.jpusa.org/lessons6.html. 
9. ^ ^{a b} Hogan-Albach, Susan (1999-06-09). "Festival crowd mixes up mud, rock music and faith". Star Tribune. p. 01B. "'I can bring my kids here, and I don't have to worry,' said Mark Hill, 38 of Ham Lake, who took his three children to the festival for a family vacation. 'There's no alcohol or swearing. It's clean and wholesome.'" 
10. ^ ^{a b} Sandler, Lauren (2006). "You Will Know Them By Their Numbers". Righteous: Dispatches from the Evangelical Youth Movement. New York: Penguin Group. ISBN 0-670-03791-5. 
11. ^ Townsend, Tim (2005-07-03). "Band subtly shows Christian roots Switchfoot toes a blurry line between religious and secular rock". St Louis Post-Dispatch. p. E1. "This is the 22nd year of the Cornerstone Festival, which is run by a Chicago evangelical community called Jesus People USA. About 25,000 fans are paying $125 to go to a tent in the middle of an Illinois cornfield and listen to three days of Christian rock 'n' roll -- an oxymoron even 20 years ago. They don't bring drugs or booze, and if they bring a swimsuit, officials ask that it be modest. Christian music fans now come in all shapes and sizes: teenage boys in kilts with dark eye-makeup and nail polish and sorority girls in midriff-baring T-shirts that read "Pornography rapes the mind."" 
12. ^ (unsigned) (2008-08-23). "Christian Woodstock festival grows". Albany Times Union. p. B3. "There's no drugs, no alcohol - you just get high on Jesus" 
13. ^ Kennedy, John W. (August 1993). "Mudstock '93". Christianity Today 37 (9): 51. ISSN 0009-5753. "'It's all good, clean fun,' says Aleena Thornton of Lake Zurich, Illinois. 'There are no fights, no alcohol. Everyone respects the zipper on your tent. It's the only place where you can see such a variety of Christians all gathered for the same reason--Jesus. You can dress differently and have different-colored hair and still be accepted.'" 
14. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h} Baker, Paul (12 1980) [1971]. "12. All Day Diner". Why Should The Devil Have All The Good Music? (2nd printing ed.). pp. 27, 145–153. ISBN 0-8499-2858-3. 
15. ^ ^{a b} "Rallying For Jesus; 80,000 jam Dallas for a crusade called Explo '72". Life 72 (25): 40–45. 1972-06-30. ISSN 0024-3019. 
16. ^ Taft, Adon (1969-12-19). "Preacher in the Mud: Rapping for Christ". Christianity Today 14 (6): 34 [282]. ISSN 0009-5753. 
17. ^ ^{a b c d e} Thompson, John J. (2000). Raised by Wolves. ECW Press. pp. 79, 147–151, 234. ISBN 9781550224214. 
18. ^ ^{a b} Plowman, Edward E. (February 1971). "Taking Stock of Jesus Rock". Christianity Today 15 (11): 32–33. ISSN 0009-5753. 
19. ^ ^{a b} Baker, Paul (June 1988). "It's A Festival". CCM Magazine 10 (12): 24. ISSN 1524-7848. 
20. ^ Burns, Carolyn A. (April 1982). "The Past Meets The Present At 1982 Jesus Festivals". CCM Magazine 4 (10): 71–74. ISSN 1524-7848. 
21. ^ ^{a b} Logsdon, Kay (February 1983). "Is There A Festival In Town?". CCM Magazine 5 (8): 23–27. ISSN 1524-7848. 
22. ^ ^{a b c} Eggebroten, Anne (1971-08-06). "Jesus Festivals". Christianity Today 15 (22): 38–40. ISSN 0009-5753. 
23. ^ For more reported attendance figures, see talk page.
24. ^ Powell, Mark Allan (2002). Encyclopedia of Contemporary Christian Music (First printing ed.). Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrickson Publishers. ISBN 1-56563-679-1. 
25. ^ Sabatino, David Di (1999). "The Spiritual Sixties and the Jesus People Movement". The Jesus People Movement: An Annotated Bibliography and General Resource. Bibliographies and Indexes in Religious Studies. 49. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. pp. 16–17. ISBN 0313302685. 
26. ^ Powell (2002). "Randy Matthews". Encyclopedia of Contemporary Christian Music. pp. 566–569. 
27. ^ Donaldson, Devlin (July 1981). "Illinois Jam: An Oasis in The Midwest". CCM Magazine 4 (1): 51. ISSN 1524-7848. 
28. ^ Donaldson, Devlin (October 1981). "How Illinois' First Rock Fest Got Into A Jam". CCM Magazine 4 (4): 52–53. ISSN 1524-7848. 
29. ^ ^{a b} Van Pelt, Doug (November 1988). "Metal to Test Your Mettle". CCM Magazine 10 (15): 38. ISSN 1524-7848. 
30. ^ Mulson, Jen (2001-06-08). "Godapalooza; Festival fuses Christian music with extreme sports". The Gazette. p. GO 14. 
31. ^ Nelles, Wendy Elaine (November 1983). "Greenbelt Breaks Record". CCM Magazine 6 (5): 54–57. ISSN 1524-7848. 
32. ^ ^{a b} Geisler, Dave (June 1990). "Musicianaries For Christ". CCM Magazine 12 (11): 22–23, 26, 28. ISSN 1524-7848. 
33. ^ ^{a b} Van Pelt, Doug (March 1992). "Artists Ignite Sacred Fire In Hearts of Russians". CCM Magazine 14 (9): 13. ISSN 1524-7848. 

External links

• Christian Festival Association
• Gospel Music Association