Southern Gospel

Infobox Music genre
name=Southern Gospel Music
bgcolor=#a0522d
color=white
stylistic_origins=Sacred Harp music, shape note singing, hymns
cultural_origins=Late 19th century white and Native Americans who practiced evangelical Christianity
instruments=Originally, few instruments were used; those used included the piano and (in some regions) banjo
popularity=Popularized through secular artists such as Elvis Presley and evangelists such as Billy Graham and Jimmy Swaggart
derivatives=
subgenrelist=List of gospel music genres
subgenres=Bluegrass gospel - Country gospel
fusiongenres=CCM
regional_scenes=
other_topics=Gospel Music Association - Christian music - National Gospel Singing Convention

Southern Gospel music (sometimes marketed as Quartet music) is music that is written to express either personal or a communal belief regarding Christian life, as well as (in terms of the varying music styles) to give a Christian alternative to mainstream secular music. Southern Gospel is a form of Christian music and a subgenre of Gospel music.

Like other forms of music the creation, performance, significance, and even the definition of Southern Gospel varies according to culture and social context. It is composed and performed for many purposes, ranging from aesthetic pleasure, religious or ceremonial purposes, or as an entertainment product for the marketplace. However, a common theme as with most Christian music is praise, worship or thanks to God and/or Christ.

Origins

The date of Southern Gospel's establishment as a distinct genre is generally considered to be 1910, which is the year the first professional quartet was formed for the purpose of selling songbooks for the James D. Vaughan Music Publishing Company. However, the style of music itself had existed for at least 35 years prior, although the traditional wisdom that Southern Gospel music was "invented" in the 1870s by circuit preacher Everett Beverly is spurious.

Southern Gospel is sometimes called "quartet music" by fans due to the original all male, tenor-lead-baritone-bass quartet make-up. Early quartets were typically accompanied only by piano or guitar, and in some cases a piano and banjo. Over time, full bands were added and even later, pre-record accompaniments were introduced. A typical modern Southern Gospel group performs with pre-recorded tracks augmented by a piano player and possibly a few other musicians.

Some of the genre's roots can be found in the publishing work and "normal schools" of Aldine S. Kieffer and Ephraim Ruebush. Southern Gospel was promoted by traveling singing school teachers, quartets, and shape note music publishing companies such as the A. J. Showalter Company (1879) and the Stamps-Baxter Music and Printing Company. Over time, Southern Gospel came to be an eclectic musical form with groups singing black gospel-influenced songs, traditional hymns, "a capella" (jazz-style singing with no instruments) songs, country gospel, bluegrass, and the difficult 'convention songs'.

Convention songs typically have contrasting homophonic and contrapuntal sections. In the homophonic sections, the four parts sing the same words and rhythms. In the contrapuntal sections, each group member has a unique lyric and rhythm. These songs are called 'convention songs' because various conventions were organized across the United States for the purpose of getting together regularly and singing songs in this style. Convention songs were employed by training centers like the Stamps-Baxter School Of Music as a way to teach quartet members how to concentrate on singing their own part. Examples of convention songs include "Heavenly Parade," "I'm Living In Canaan Now," "Give the World a Smile," and "Heaven's Jubilee."

In the first decades of the twentieth century, Southern Gospel drew much of its creative energy from the Holiness movement churches that arose throughout the south. Early gospel artists such as Smith's Sacred Singers, The Speer Family, The Stamps Quartet, The Blackwood Family, The Lefevre Trio, achieved wide popularity through their recordings and radio performances in the 1920s, 1930s, 1940s and 1950s. On October 20, 1927,The Stamps Quartet recorded their early hit "Give The World A Smile" for Victor, which become their theme song. The Stamps Quartet was heard on the radio throughout Texas and the South.

Others such as Homer Rodeheaver and the Cathedral Quartet, became well-known through their association with popular evangelists such as Billy Sunday and Rex Humbard.

Representative Artists

Some of the best known Southern Gospel male quartets from various decades include the Blackwood Brothers, the Calvarymen, the Cathedral Quartet, Legacy Five, The Stamps Quartet, the Statesmen Quartet, the Imperials, Sunshine Boys Quartet, the Blue Ridge Quartet, Gold City, the Kingsmen Quartet, the Triumphant Quartet, The Kingdom Heirs, the Gaither Vocal Band, Brian Free and Assurance, the Florida Boys, the Masters V, The Inspirations, and the Oak Ridge Boys.

Although the genre is known for its all male quartets, trios and duos have been a vital element of Southern Gospel for most of the genre's history, from the Sons Of Song, Wendy Bagwell and the Sunliters, and the Happy Two in decades past to more modern groups like Greater Vision, the Crabb Family, One Voice Trio, the Isaacs, the Hoppers, and the Ruppes. Pioneer groups like the Speer Family, the Lesters, the Weatherfords, the Klaudt Indian Family, the Chuck Wagon Gang, The Happy Goodman Family, the LeFevres, and the Rambos paved the way for modern mixed quartets and family-based lineups.

The Lesters from St. Louis, Missouri are an example of family heritage in the southern gospel field. The current Lesters are in their eighth decade of ministry, tracing family roots to the original Lesters founded by Harvey "Pop" Lester and his wife, Opal, in 1925. Pop Lester's son, Herschel Lester, continued the family ministry, followed by Herschel's son and daughter, current group members Brian Herschel Lester (lead) and Ginger Lester Pitchers (alto). The current group is completed by Brian Herschel Lester's son, Jonathan (baritone), and Ginger Pitchers' daughter, Jenny Pitchers Revelle (soprano), representing the fourth generation.

Other famous family groups from various decades include the Hinsons, the Perrys, the Boones, the Hoppers, the Talleys, the Martins and the Bill Gaither Trio.

Unlike most forms of popular music where soloists (and/or soloists with background vocalists) generally outnumber vocally balanced groups, vocal groups thrive in Southern Gospel. However, the genre has a growing number of popular soloists. Many of these gained their initial popularity with a group before launching out on their own as soloists. Some of the most popular of these are Squire Parsons, Ivan Parker, Mark Bishop, and Michael Combs.

:Articles on individual Southern Gospel artists can be found .

Gaither Homecoming Series

Traditional Southern Gospel music underwent a tremendous surge in popularity during the 1990s thanks to the efforts of Bill and Gloria Gaither and their Gaither Homecoming tours and videos, which began as a reunion of many of the best known and loved SGM individuals in 1991. Thanks in part to the Homecoming series, Southern Gospel music now has fans across the United States and in a number of foreign countries like Ireland and Australia.

Today's Southern Gospel

Although still primarily "old-timey quartet singing," Southern Gospel was evolving by the 1990s to include more soloists and duos. It was most popular in the Southeast and Southwest, but it had a nationwide audience. The music remained "more country than city, more down-home than pretentious" [Monte Mitchell, "Gospel Radio DJ Touches Fans' Hearts and Souls," "The Charlotte Observer", August 8, 1993.] .

In 2005, The Radio Book, a broadcast yearbook published by M Street Publications, reported 285 radio stations in the USA with a primary format designation as "Southern Gospel," including 175 AM stations and 110 FM stations. In fact, "Southern Gospel" was the 9th most popular format for AM stations and the 21st most popular for FM. Southern Gospel radio promoters routinely service more than a thousand radio stations which play at least some Southern Gospel music each week. Recent years have also seen the advent of a number of internet-only Southern Gospel "radio" stations.

Over the last decade, a newer version of Southern Gospel has grown in popularity. This style is called Progressive Southern Gospel and is characterized by a blend of traditional Southern Gospel, Bluegrass, modern country, contemporary Christian and pop music elements. Progressive Southern Gospel generally features artists who push their voices to produce a sound with an edge to it. The traditional style Southern Gospel singers employ a more Classical singing style.

Lyrically, most Progressive Southern Gospel songs are patterned after traditional Southern Gospel in that they maintain a clear evangelistic and/or testimonial slant. Southern Gospel purists view lyrical content, and the underlying musical style as the key determining factors for applying the Southern Gospel label to a song.

Although there are some exceptions, most Southern Gospel songs would not be classified as Praise and Worship. Few Southern Gospel songs are sung "to" God as opposed to "about" God. On the other hand, Southern Gospel lyrics are rarely vague about the Christian message, which is a complaint many Southern Gospel fans have about non-P&W, but otherwise "Contemporary Christian music" (CCM), especially when those CCM songs "cross over" and receive recognition through airplay on mainstream radio.

outhern Gospel Media

Southern Gospel became popular initially through songbooks. Southern Gospel is one of the few surviving genres that was there to exploit recording, radio, and television technologies from the very beginning and use these advancements to further promote the genre.

The dominant print magazine for Southern Gospel since the 1970s has been the Singing News. Their radio airplay charts and annual Fan Awards presentations are always popular topics for Southern Gospel fans to discuss.

The biggest e-zine for today's Southern Gospel is SoGospelNews.com, which has been reporting on Southern Gospel for over 12 years. The site contains the most recognized weekly Southern Gospel chart as well as the internet's largest Southern Gospel community with forums and a chat room. Their Annual SGN Music Awards recognize accomplishments made within the industry over the past year.

The modern Southern Gospel fan may still subscribe to a magazine, but most keep up with their favorite artists via a Southern Gospel news site on the internet, such as Who's Who in Gospel Music which provides concert listings, gospel news, venue information and a comprehensive listing of gospel artists performing in Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas and Louisiana.

A number of other internet media outlets have been formed in recent years as well. The oldest active Internet site devoted to Southern Gospel Sogospel.com was created in 1996, by Scott Gunnerson. Sogospel.com was later sold to Charles Brady who had just launched www.thesoutherngospel.com.

Southern Gospel Music on Internet Radio is a rapidly growing new media arena with numerous internet radio stations broadcasting various flavors of Southern Gospel Online. One of the pioneers (ten years online as of 2007) is Sunlite Radio. This station at www.sunlite-radio.com features many Southern Gospel programs also heard on traditional radio. This list includes The Gospel Greats with Paul Heil, which recently celebrated 25 years on the air, Southern Gospel USA, a weekly half hour countdown show hosted by Gary Wilson, Classic radio programs such as The Old Gospel Ship and Heaven's Jubilee with Jim Loudermilk, and several others. One of the most popular online stations is "THE GOSPEL STATION", located at www.thegospelstation.com.

References

uggested reading

*Beary , Shirley L. "The Stamps-Baxter Music and Printing Company: A Continuing Tradition, 1926–1976." D.M.A. dissertation, Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary, 1977.
*Brobston, Stanley. “A Brief History of White Southern Gospel Music.” Ph.D. Dissertation, New York University, 1977.
*Downey, James C. “The Music of American Revivalism.” Ph.D. dissertation, Tulane University, 1968.
*Collins, Mike and Gaither, Bill "Hold On: The Authorized Biography of the Greenes, America's Southern Gospel Trio" Woodland Press LLC, 2004. ISBN 0-9724867-6-3.
*Eskew, Harry. “Shape-Note Hymnody in the Shenandoah Valley, 1816-60.” Ph.D. dissertation, Tulane University, 1966.
*Fleming, Jo Lee. “James D. Vaughan, Music Publisher.” S.M.D. dissertation, Union Theological Seminary (Richmond, VA), 1972.
*Goff, James R. Jr. "Close Harmony: A History Of Southern Gospel" University Of North Carolina Press, 2002. ISBN 0-8078-5346-1
*Graves, Michael P. and Fillingim , David "More than Precious Memories: The Rhetoric of Southern Gospel Music" Mercer University Press, 2004. ISBN 0-86554-857-9.
*Murray, David Bruce "Murray's Encyclopedia of Southern Gospel Music" BookSurge Publishing, 2006. ISBN 1-4196-2458-X
*Terrell, Bob "The Music Men: The Story of Professional Gospel Quartet Singing in America" B. Terrell, 1990. ISBN 1-878894-00-5.

ee also

External links

*dmoz|Society/Religion_and_Spirituality/Christianity/Music/Styles/Southern_Gospel/|Southern Gospel
* [http://www.sunlite-radio.com/ Sunlite Radio features many flavors of Southern Gospel Music along with Country Gospel, Hymns and other musical Genres.]
* [http://www.cjca.ca/ Canada's Only Full-Time Southern Gospel Station, AM930 CJCA in Edmonton Alberta. LISTEN ONLINE!]
* [http://stampsbaxterschool.com/The Stamps-Baxter School of Music led by Ben Speer.]
* [http://www.hymnlyric.com Southern Gospel Hymn Lyrics] - Provides lyrics currently in public domain
* [http://www.enlighten34.com Enlighten34]
* [http://www.whoswhoingospelmusic.com/ Who's Who in Gospel Music] - serving Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas and Louisiana.