Rhus chinensis

Rhus chinensis
Chinese sumac
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Eudicots
(unranked): Rosids
Order: Sapindales
Family: Anacardiaceae
Genus: Rhus
Species: R. chinensis
Binomial name
Rhus chinensis
Mill.
Synonyms

Rhus javanica auct.
Rhus semialata Murray

Rhus chinensis, the Chinese sumac or nutgall tree, is a plant species in the genus Rhus.

The species is used to produce galls, called Chinese gall, Galla Chinensis or Wu Bei Zi (五倍子) in Chinese, which are rich in gallotannins[1][2], a type of hydrolysable tannins. The infestation by Chinese sumac aphids (Melaphis chinensis Bell) can lead to a gall which is valued as a commercial product. Chinese galls are used in Chinese medicine to treat coughs, diarrhea, night sweats, dysentry and to stop intestinal and uterine bleeding[3].

Rhus chinensis compounds possess strong antiviral, antibacterial, anticancer, hepatoprotective, antidiarrheal and antioxidant activities.[4] The gall of Rhus chinensis, Galla chinensi, has long been considered to possess many medicinal properties. [5]

Gallic acid (3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid),isolated from Rhus chinensis, induces apoptosis in human monocytic lymphoma cell line U937 and may be a potential chemotherapeutic agent against lymphoma.[6] The gall of Rhus chinensis inhibits alpha-glucosidase activity.[7]

In Australia "Rhus" is the common name for Toxicodendron succedaneum a prohibited, noxious weed in some States.[8]

  • foliage

  • flowers

  • fruits

References

  1. ^ Identification and structure–activity relationship of gallotannins separated from Galla chinensis. Fang Tian, Bo Lia, Baoping Ji, Guizhi Zhang and Yangchao Luo, LWT - Food Science and Technology, Volume 42, Issue 7, September 2009, Pages 1289-1295, doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2009.03.004
  2. ^ Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of consecutive extracts from Galla chinensis : The polarity affects the bioactivities. Fang Tian, Bo Lia, Baoping Ji, Jinhua Yang, Guizhi Zhang, Yang Chen and Yangchao Luo, Food Chemistry, Volume 113, Issue 1, 1 March 2009, Pages 173-179, doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.07.062
  3. ^ Aphid, Henry G. Stroyan, McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, 8th Edition, 1997, ISBN 0-07-911504-7
  4. ^ Djakpo O, Yao W,"Rhus chinensis and Galla Chinensis--folklore to modern evidence: review." Phytother Res. 2010 Dec;24(12):1739-47
  5. ^ Zhang J, Li L, Kim SH, Hagerman AE, Lü J. 2009. "Anti-cancer, anti-diabetic and other pharmacologic and biological activities of penta-galloyl-glucose." Pharm Res 26: 2066–2080.
  6. ^ Kim NS, Jeong SI, Hwang BS, Lee YE, Kang SH, Lee HC, Oh CH"Gallic acid inhibits cell viability and induces apoptosis in human monocytic cell line U937." J Med Food. 2011 Mar;14(3):240-6
  7. ^ Young-Jun Shima, Ho-Kyung Doob, Se-Young Ahnb, Yong-Suk Kimc, Je-Kyung Seongd, In-Sun Parke, Bon-Hong Mina, "Inhibitory effect of aqueous extract from the gall ofRhus chinensis on alpha-glucosidase activity and postprandial blood glucose."Journal of Ethnopharmacology,Volume 85, Issues 2-3, April 2003, Pages 283-287
  8. ^ http://www.burkesbackyard.com.au/factsheets/Trees-and-Palms/Dangers-of-Rhus/1735

External links

Plants for a Future http://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Rhus%20chinensis

v · tannins
Sources of condensed tannins
Areca catechu seed (arecatannins) | Broad bean (Vicia faba) | Grape (Vitis vinifera) | Quebracho wood | Mimosa bark (Acacia mollissima) | Myrtan or black marlock (Eucalyptus redunca)
Sources of hydrolysable tannins
Chestnut wood | Dhawa (Anogeissus latifolia) | Myrobalan fruit (Terminalia chebula) | Oak wood, bark or acorn cup (Valonea Quercus macrolepis) | Sumac (Tanner's sumach leaves - Rhus coriaria or Chinese gall on Rhus chinensis) | Tara pod (Caesalpinia spinosa)
Other sources
Alder (Alnus sp) | Avaram (Senna auriculata) | Babul (Acacia nilotica) | Birch (Betula sp) | Larch (Larix sp) | Hemlock (Tsuga sp) | mangrove | Pine (Pinus sp) | Spruce (Picea sp) | Urunday (Myracrodruon urundeuva) | Willow (Salix caprea)
Badan (Bergenia crassifolia) | Gambier (Uncaria gambir) | Redoul (Coriaria myrtifolia)
Canaigre (Rumex hymenosepalus) | Garouille (Quercus coccifera) | Sea lavender (Limonium sp)
Divi-divi pod (Caesalpinia coriaria) | Sant pod (Acacia nilotica) | Teri pod (Caesalpinia digyna)
Whole plant
Prosopis sp. bark and wood (eg Prosopis humilis or Algarrobilla) | Tanoak (Lithocarpus densiflorus) | Tizra heartwood and root (Rhus pentaphylla)
Misc
Stub icon This Anacardiaceae article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.