- Chilean Primera División
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Primera División Countries Chile Confederation CONMEBOL Founded 1933 Number of teams 18 Levels on pyramid 1 Relegation to Primera B Domestic cup(s) Copa Chile International cup(s) Copa Libertadores
Copa SudamericanaCurrent champions Universidad de Chile (14th title)
(2011)Most championships Colo-Colo (29 titles) TV partners CDF Website Official webpage 2011 season The Primera División del Fútbol Profesional Chileno (English: Chilean First Division of Professional Football) is the top level of Chilean football, and main component of the Chilean football league system. It is organized by the Asociación Nacional de Fútbol Profesional (English: National Association of Professional Football) and is currently ranked 9th in the IFFHS' Best Leagues of the World ranking.[1] In 2010, the league became known as the Campeonato Nacional Petrobras for sponsorship reasons.
Contents
Format
Resembling the Primera División Mexicana league system, the Chilean First Division is currently played by 18 teams, which play two single-round tournaments per season.
First, the Apertura tournament is played (usually held between January and June), and then is followed by the Clausura tournament (between July and December). For each Apertura and Clausura tournament, a single round-robin tournament, called the regular phase, is played first. Afterwards, a post-season play-off begins, where the best eight teams in each single-round tournament eliminate each other in the knockout tournament format in two-leg aggregate-score. In this way, there are two champions per season.
The Chilean League of Football has never been regular in terms of their tournament systems. Traditionally, the League had consisted in one annual, double round-robin tournament, with the addition of a Cup, but the number of contesting teams and League format has varied throughout the years, until the adoption of the Mexican system in 2002.
Relegation and promotion
Very much like the tournament format, the relegation/promotion (to Primera B) has changed throughout the years.
Currently, the three teams with the worst scores in the complete season (including Apertura and Clausura, but excluding the play-off stage), are relegated to Primera B, and replaced by the Champions and Runners-up of this Division, making the number of participating teams for the 2008 season equal to 20. There is also a Relegation Playoff Tournament, played in a home-and-away basis by the teams that finish 17º and 18° in the First Division against the teams that finish 3° and 4° in the Primera B.
Qualification for International competitions
The champions of the Apertura and Clausura of each season are immediately qualified to Copa Libertadores for the next year. The third Chilean spot in that tournament is used by the team with the highest score in the Clausura regular phase (that is, excluding the play-offs).
For the Copa Sudamericana, the qualification system changes every year. For the 2007 season, a small tournament was played by the top four teams in the Apertura. The winners of that tournament (Colo-Colo and Audax Italiano) qualified for Copa Sudamericana 2007.
History
The dawn of football in Chile
Football arrived at Chile during the last decades of the nineteenth century. At first, football was played at some port cities, and with the highest popularity in Valparaíso, Coquimbo, Antofagasta, Iquique and Talcahuano. Originally, football was not so popular in Santiago, the capital of Chile, but soon the popularity was comparable to the aforementioned areas.
On June 19, 1895, the Football Association of Chile (FAC) was established in Valparaíso. It was the first organization trying to co-ordinate the existing clubs of the city to contest in ordinary competitions. Valparaíso F.C., Victoria Rangers, Mac Kay and Sutherland Athletic, Chilean F.C. joined, upon Santiago National Athletic, Santiago Rangers, Valparaíso Wanderers and National F.C. were united quickly.
On May 23, 1906, the Asociación de Fútbol de Santiago (AFS) was set up in Santiago to organize competition in the capital, whereas the FAC changed its name to the Spanish version Asociación de Fútbol de Chile, on September 14, 1912, to unite various regional associations. In the early twenties, there arose the Federación de Football de Chile as the competing organization of Asociación de Fútbol de Chile. The problem between the two bodies caused FIFA to remove Chile's membership in 1925. As a result, the two organizations merged on January 24, 1926, forming the present Federación de Fútbol de Chile (FFCh).
Professionalism
Football was played in different local associations in an amateur manner until the twentieth century, when football started to turn professional in Valparaíso and Santiago, where football competitions were consistently at the prominent level in Chile at that time. Chilean football truly professionalized in the 1930s. At that time, different teams paid salaries to their players, despite being illegal, and this phenomenon occurred even on international level. In 1933, eight big clubs at that time, namely, Unión Española, Badminton, Colo-Colo, Audax Italiano, Green Cross, Morning Star, Magallanes and Santiago National, left the ASF over a dispute on salaries policy, and used the reduced percentage of their income which originally had to submit to the AFS to found the Liga Profesional de Football de Santiago (LPF) on May 31, 1933. The newly formed body was recognized by the Federación de Fútbol de Chile on June 2, 1933.
The first edition of professional competition was contested by the eight founding teams and was won by Magallanes after defeating Colo-Colo in a decisive match. In the following year, according to the disposition of Federación de Fútbol de Chile, Liga Profesional returned to integrate with the AFS. Like part of the negotiations for reunification, four teams from AFS, namely, Ferroviarios, Carlos Walker, Deportivo Alemán, and Santiago F.C., would join the 1934 professional competition. Moreover, it was also decided that the last six teams in the 1934 competition would be eliminated to form the new second division in 1935. The title of the 1934 edition was again clinched by Magallanes, which won 10 out of the 11 matches this year.[2]
Universidad de Chile and Universidad Católica entered to compete in 1938 and 1939, and obtained their first titles in 1940 and 1949, respectively.
The professional competition was confined to teams from Santiago at the first few years. Santiago Wanderers joined the league in 1937 and was the first club in the league coming from other regions. However, its participation in the league was just occasional and it did not contest in the league in the following years, until it rejoined the league with Everton de Viña del Mar, its classic rival, in 1944. Everton de Viña del Mar captured the title in 1950, becoming the first national champions not coming from the capital city. Not until 1953 did a third team from other areas, Rangers de Talca, was admitted to the league, after which had been crowned the runners-up of the second division in 1952.
Diverse formats
The lack of regularity of format has been one of the characteristics of the Chilean football league. Since the first edition, a variable number of teams had taken part in the competition under different formats, so no any single format had been adopted for a long time. One of the major problems in the early years was the small number of competing teams. With merely a few teams, it was difficult to schedule matches throughout the year. In order to tackle this problem, the Torneos de Apertura (Opening Tournament) format was derived. For every year, an Apertura tournament was played before the Campeonato Oficial (Official Competition), so that more matches could be played.
In the following years, the formats kept changing, as well as the number of contesting teams. Initially, there were only seven teams, then it increased to 18 between 1962 and 1980, and 16 between 1987 and 2003, although in 1984 26 teams competed, and in 2008 the competition reduced to 20 teams.
The modern format and controversy
Since 2002, the format of Primera División de México was adopted, with a short single round-robin and play-off to determine the winner, crowning two champions every year. (Apertura and Clausura tournament)
This format has been criticized by some of the teams and fans, who indicate that the champions was not always the best team of the league, since play-offs are considered a tournament on their own.[3]
Nonetheless, the leader of the league indicated that the format has managed to arouse the emotion of the matches, especially in decisive rounds, and the attendance of the matches has been increasing in recent years.
Current teams
There are currently 18 teams playing the Primera División for the 2011 season
Name Home city Foundation Stadium Capacity Audax Italiano Santiago (La Florida) November 30, 1910 Municipal de La Florida 12,000 Cobreloa Calama January 7, 1977 Municipal de Calama 13,000 Cobresal El Salvador May 5, 1979 El Cobre 15,000 Colo-Colo Santiago (Macul) April 19, 1925 Monumental David Arellano 45,000 Deportes La Serena La Serena December 9, 1955 La Portada 14,000 Huachipato Talcahuano June 7, 1947 CAP 10,500 Deportes Iquique Iquique May 21, 1978 Tierra de Campeones 9,500 Ñublense Chillán August 20, 1916 Nelson Oyarzún 12,000 O'Higgins Rancagua April 7, 1955 El Teniente 14,450 Palestino Santiago (La Cisterna) August 20, 1920 Municipal de La Cisterna 12,000 Santiago Morning Santiago (La Pintana) October 16, 1903 Municipal de La Pintana 6,000 Santiago Wanderers Valparaíso August 15, 1892 Regional Chiledeportes 18,500 Unión Española Santiago (Independencia) May 18, 1897 Santa Laura 22,000 Unión La Calera La Calera January 26, 1954 Municipal Nicolás Chahuán 15,000 Unión San Felipe San Felipe October 16, 1956 Municipal de San Felipe 10,000 Universidad Católica Santiago (Las Condes) April 21, 1937 San Carlos de Apoquindo 16,000 Universidad de Chile Santiago (Ñuñoa) May 24, 1927 Nacional de Chile 49,000 Universidad de Concepción Concepción August 8, 1994 Municipal de Concepción 29,000 Champions by season
Fourteen clubs have been the Primera División champion. Of those fourteen, ten have won the titles more than once. The most successful club is Colo-Colo with 29 titles. They are followed by Universidad de Chile (14 titles) and Universidad Católica (10 titles). Magallanes, Cobreloa, Universidad de Chile, and Colo-Colo are the only clubs to have won the title consecutively. Colo-Colo hold the record for the longest winning streak, winning four titles the 2006 Apertura to the 2007 Clausura.
Season Champion Count Runner-up Third place Leading goalscorer(s)[4] 1933 Magallanes 1 Colo-Colo Badminton Luis Carvallo (Colo-Colo; 9 goals) 1934 Magallanes 2 Audax Italiano Colo-Colo Carlos Giuduce (Audax Italiano; 19 goals) 1935 Magallanes 3 Audax Italiano Badminton Aurelio Domínguez (Colo-Colo; 12 goals)
Guillermo Ogaz (Magallanes; 12 goals)1936 Audax Italiano 1 Magallanes Colo-Colo Hernán Bolaños (Audax Italiano; 14 goals) 1937 Colo-Colo 1 Magallanes Unión Española Hernán Bolaños (Audax Italiano; 16 goals) 1938 Magallanes 4 Audax Italiano Colo-Colo Gustavo Pizarro (Badminton; 17 goals) 1939 Colo-Colo 2 Santiago Morning Audax Italiano Alfonso Domínguez (Colo-Colo; 32 goals) 1940 Universidad de Chile 1 Audax Italiano Santiago National Victor Alonso (Universidad de Chile; 20 goals)
Pedro Valenzuela (Magallanes; 20 goals)1941 Colo-Colo 3 Santiago Morning Audax Italiano José Profetta (Santiago National; 19 goals) 1942 Santiago Morning 1 Magallanes Colo-Colo Domingo Romo (Santiago Morning; 16 goals) 1943 Unión Española 1 Colo-Colo Magallanes Luis Machuca (Unión Española; 17 goals)
Victor Mancilla Universidad Católica (17 goals)1944 Colo-Colo 4 Audax Italiano Magallanes Juan Alcantara (Audax Italiano; 19 goals)
Alfonso Domínguez (Colo-Colo; 19 goals)1945 Green Cross 1 Unión Española Universidad de Chile Ubaldo Cruche (Universidad de Chile; 17 goals)
Hugo Giorgi (Audax Italiano; 17 goals)
Juan Zarate (Green Cross; 17 goals)1946 Audax Italiano 2 Magallanes Universidad de Chile Ubaldo Cruche (Universidad de Chile; 25 goals) 1947 Colo-Colo 5 Audax Italiano Universidad de Chile Apolonides Vera (Santiago National; 17 goals) 1948 Audax Italiano 3 Unión Española Colo-Colo Juan Zarate (Audax Italiano; 22 goals) 1949 Universidad Católica 1 Santiago Wanderers Audax Italiano Mario Lorca (Unión Española; 20 goals) 1950 Everton 1 Unión Española Colo-Colo Félix Díaz (Green Cross; 21 goals) 1951 Unión Española 2 Audax Italiano Colo-Colo Rubén Aguilera (Santiago Morning; 21 goals)
Carlos Tello (Audax Italiano; 21 goals)1952 Everton 2 Colo-Colo Ferrobadminton René Meléndez (Everton; 30 goals) 1953 Colo-Colo 6 Palestino Audax Italiano Jorge Robledo (Colo-Colo; 26 goals) 1954 Universidad Católica 2 Colo-Colo Audax Italiano Jorge Robledo (Colo-Colo; 25 goals) 1955 Palestino 1 Colo-Colo Universidad de Chile Nicolás Moreno (Green Cross; 27 goals) 1956 Colo-Colo 7 Santiago Wanderers Rangers Guillermo Villarroel (O'Higgins; 19 goals) 1957 Audax Italiano 4 Universidad de Chile Palestino Gustavo Albella (Green Cross; 27 goals) 1958 Santiago Wanderers 1 Colo-Colo Deportes La Serena Gustavo Albella (Green Cross; 23 goals)
Carlos Verdejo (Deportes La Serena; 23 goals)1959 Universidad de Chile 2 Colo-Colo Santiago Wanderers José Benito Rios (O'Higgins; 22 goals) 1960 Colo-Colo 8 Santiago Wanderers Universidad de Chile Juan Falcon (Palestino; 21 goals) 1961 Universidad Católica 3 Universidad de Chile Colo-Colo Carlos Campos (Universidad de Chile; 24 goals)
Honorino Landa (Unión Española; 24 goals)1962 Universidad de Chile 3 Universidad Católica Colo-Colo Carlos Campos (Universidad de Chile; 34 goals) 1963 Colo-Colo 9 Universidad de Chile Deportes La Serena Luis Hernán Álvarez (Colo-Colo; 37 goals) 1964 Universidad de Chile 4 Universidad Católica Santiago Wanderers Daniel Escudero (Everton; 25 goals) 1965 Universidad de Chile 5 Universidad Católica Rangers Héctor Scandolli (Rangers; 25 goals) 1966 Universidad Católica 4 Colo-Colo Santiago Wanderers Carlos Campos (Universidad de Chile; 21 goals)
Felipe Bracamonte (Unión San Felipe; 21 goals)1967 Universidad de Chile 6 Universidad Católica Colo-Colo Eladio Zárate (Unión Española; 28 goals) 1968 Santiago Wanderers 2 Universidad Católica Universidad de Chile Carlos Reinoso (Audax Italiano; 21 goals) 1969 Universidad de Chile 7 Rangers Green Cross Temuco Eladio Zárate (Unión Española; 22 goals) 1970 Colo-Colo 10 Unión Española Universidad de Chile Osvaldo Castro (Deportes Concepción; 36 goals) 1971 Unión San Felipe 1 Universidad de Chile Unión Española Eladio Zárate (Universidad de Chile; 25 goals) 1972 Colo-Colo 11 Unión Española Universidad de Chile Fernando Espinoza (Magallanes; 25 goals) 1973 Unión Española 3 Colo-Colo Huachipato Guillermo Yavar (Unión Española; 21 goals) 1974 Huachipato 2 Palestino Colo-Colo Julio Crisosto (Colo-Colo; 28 goals) 1975 Unión Española 4 Deportes Concepción Huachipato Victor Pizarro (Santiago Morning; 27 goals) 1976 Everton 3 Unión Española Universidad de Chile Óscar Fabbiani (Palestino; 23 goals) 1977 Unión Española 5 Everton Palestino Óscar Fabbiani (Palestino; 34 goals) 1978 Palestino 2 Cobreloa O'Higgins Óscar Fabbiani (Palestino; 35 goals) 1979 Colo-Colo 12 Cobreloa Unión Española Carlos Caszely (Colo-Colo; 20 goals) 1980 Cobreloa 1 Universidad de Chile Colo-Colo Carlos Caszely (Colo-Colo; 26 goals) 1981 Colo-Colo 13 Cobreloa Universidad de Chile Victor Cabrera (San Luis; 20 goals)
Carlos Caszely (Colo-Colo; 20 goals)
Luis Marcoleta (Magallanes; 20 goals)1982 Cobreloa 2 Colo-Colo Universidad de Chile Jorge Luis Siviero (Cobreloa; 18 goals) 1983 Colo-Colo 14 Cobreloa Universidad de Chile Washington Olivera (Cobreloa; 29 goals) 1984 Universidad Católica 5 Cobresal Unión Española Victor Cabrera (Regional Atacama; 18 goals) 1985 Cobreloa 3 Everton Colo-Colo Ivo Basay (Magallanes; 19 goals) 1986 Colo-Colo 15 Palestino Cobreloa Sergio Salgado (Cobresal; 18 goals) 1987 Universidad Católica 6 Colo-Colo Cobreloa Osvaldo Hurtado (Universidad Católica; 21 goals) 1988 Cobreloa 4 Cobresal Deportes Iquique Gustavo De Luca (Deportes La Serena; 18 goals)
Juan José Oré (Deportes Iquique; 18 goals)1989 Colo-Colo 16 Universidad Católica Cobreloa Rubén Martínez (Cobresal; 25 goals) 1990 Colo-Colo 17 Universidad Católica Unión Española Rubén Martínez (Colo-Colo; 22 goals) 1991 Colo-Colo 18 Coquimbo Unido Universidad Católica Rubén Martínez (Colo-Colo; 23 goals) 1992 Cobreloa 5 Colo-Colo Universidad Católica Aníbal González (Colo-Colo; 24 goals) 1993 Colo-Colo 19 Cobreloa Universidad Católica Marco Antonio Figueroa (Cobreloa; 18 goals) 1994 Universidad de Chile 8 Universidad Católica O'Higgins Alberto Acosta (Universidad Católica; 33 goals) 1995 Universidad de Chile 9 Universidad Católica Colo-Colo Gabriel Caballero (Deportes Antofagasta; 18 goals)
Aníbal González (Palestino; 18 goals)1996 Colo-Colo 20 Universidad Católica Cobreloa Mario Véner (Santiago Wanderers; 30 goals) 1997 Apertura Universidad Católica 7 Colo-Colo Universidad de Chile David Bisconti (Universidad Católica; 15 goals) Clausura Colo-Colo 21 Universidad Católica Audax Italiano Richard Báez (Universidad de Chile; 10 goals)
Rubén Vallejos (Deportes Puerto Montt; 10 goals)1998 Colo-Colo 22 Universidad de Chile Universidad Católica Pedro González (Universidad de Chile; 23 goals) 1999 Universidad de Chile 10 Universidad Católica Cobreloa Mario Núñez (O'Higgins; 34 goals) 2000 Universidad de Chile 11 Cobreloa Colo-Colo Pedro González (Universidad de Chile; 26 goals) 2001 Santiago Wanderers 3 Universidad Católica Universidad de Chile Héctor Tapia (Colo-Colo; 24 goals) 2002 Apertura Universidad Católica 8 Rangers No third-place awarded Sebastián González (Colo-Colo; 18 goals) Clausura Colo-Colo 23 Universidad Católica No third-place awarded Manuel Neira (Colo-Colo; 14 goals) 2003 Apertura Cobreloa 6 Colo-Colo No third-place awarded Salvador Cabañas (Audax Italiano; 18 goals) Clausura Cobreloa 7 Colo-Colo No third-place awarded Gustavo Biscayzacú (Unión Española; 21 goals) 2004 Apertura Universidad de Chile 12 Cobreloa No third-place awarded Patricio Galaz (Cobreloa; 23 goals) Clausura Cobreloa 8 Unión Española No third-place awarded Patricio Galaz (Cobreloa; 19 goals) 2005 Apertura Unión Española 6 Coquimbo Unido No third-place awarded Joel Estay (Everton; 13 goals)
Álvaro Sarabia (Deportes Puerto Montt; 13 goals)
Héctor Mancilla (Huachipato; 13 goals)Clausura Universidad Católica 9 Universidad de Chile No third-place awarded Cristián Montecinos (Deportes Concepción; 13 goals)
Gonzalo Fierro (Colo-Colo; 13 goals)
César Díaz (Cobresal; 13 goals)2006 Apertura Colo-Colo 24 Universidad de Chile No third-place awarded Humberto Suazo (Colo-Colo; 19 goals) Clausura Colo-Colo 25 Audax Italiano No third-place awarded Leonardo Monje (Universidad de Concepción; 17 goals) 2007 Apertura Colo-Colo 26 Universidad Católica No third-place awarded Humberto Suazo (Colo-Colo; 18 goals) Clausura Colo-Colo 27 Universidad de Concepción No third-place awarded Carlos Villanueva (Audax Italiano; 20 goals) 2008 Apertura Everton 4 Colo-Colo No third-place awarded Lucas Barrios (Colo-Colo; 19 goals) Clausura Colo-Colo 28 Palestino No third-place awarded Lucas Barrios (Colo-Colo; 18 goals) 2009 Apertura Universidad de Chile 13 Unión Española No third-place awarded Esteban Paredes (Santiago Morning; 17 goals) Clausura Colo-Colo 29 Universidad Católica No third-place awarded Diego Rivarola (Santiago Morning; 13 goals) 2010 Universidad Católica 10 Colo-Colo Audax Italiano Milovan Mirosevic (Universidad Católica; 19 goals) 2011 Apertura Universidad de Chile 14 Universidad Católica No third-place awarded Matías Urbano (Unión San Felipe; 12 goals) Clausura Titles by team
Team Nº of titles Years Colo-Colo 29 1937, 1939, 1941, 1944, 1947, 1953, 1956, 1960, 1963, 1970, 1972, 1979, 1981, 1983, 1986, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1996, 1997 Clausura, 1998, 2002 Clausura, 2006 Apertura, 2006 Clausura, 2007 Apertura, 2007 Clausura, 2008 Clausura, 2009 Clausura Universidad de Chile 14 1940, 1959, 1962, 1964, 1965, 1967, 1969, 1994, 1995, 1999, 2000, 2004 Apertura, 2009 Apertura, 2011 Apertura Universidad Católica 10 1949, 1954, 1961, 1966, 1984, 1987, 1997 Apertura, 2002 Apertura, 2005 Clausura, 2010 Cobreloa 8 1980, 1982, 1985, 1988, 1992, 2003 Apertura, 2003 Clausura, 2004 Clausura Unión Española 6 1943, 1951, 1973, 1975, 1977, 2005 Apertura Audax Italiano 4 1936, 1946, 1948, 1957 Magallanes 4 1933, 1934, 1935, 1938 Everton 4 1950, 1952, 1976, 2008 Apertura Santiago Wanderers 3 1958, 1968, 2001 Palestino 2 1955, 1978 Santiago Morning 1 1942 Huachipato 1 1974 Unión San Felipe 1 1971 Green Cross 1 1945 Regions
The following table lists the Chilean football champions by region.
Region Nº of titles Clubs Metropolitan 71 Colo-Colo (29), Universidad de Chile (14), Universidad Católica (10), Unión Española (6), Magallanes (4), Audax Italiano (4), Palestino (2), Santiago Morning (1), Green Cross (1) Valparaíso 8 Everton (4), Santiago Wanderers (3), Unión San Felipe (1) Antofagasta 8 Cobreloa (8) Biobío 1 Huachipato (1) References
- ^ "The strongest National League in the World 2009". IFFHS. http://www.iffhs.de/?b6e28fa3002f71504e52d17f7370eff3702bb1c2bb11. Retrieved December 22, 2010.
- ^ Chilean League 1934
- ^ Juan Cristóbal Guarello (2008-02-28). "Las patas y el buche" (in es). Archived from the original on 2008-02-29. http://web.archive.org/web/20080229124536/http://blogs.elmercurio.com/deportes/2008/02/28/las-patas-y-el-buche.asp. Retrieved 2008-02-28.
- ^ Andrés, Juan Pablo (December 11, 2009). "Chile - List of Topscorers". RSSSF. http://www.rsssf.com/tablesc/chiletops.html.
External links
- ANFP.cl
- Chile national champions at RSSSF
- Web de Noticias y de Hinchas
- El mejor foro de futbol chileno
Primera División del Fútbol Profesional Chileno 2011 teams Audax Italiano · Cobreloa · Cobresal · Colo-Colo · Deportes Iquique · Deportes La Serena · Huachipato · Ñublense · O'Higgins · Palestino · Santiago Morning · Santiago Wanderers · Unión Española · Unión La Calera · Unión San Felipe · Universidad Católica · Universidad de Chile · Universidad de ConcepciónSeasons 1970 · 1971 · 1972 · 1973 · 1974 · 1975 · 1976 · 1977 · 1978 · 1979 · 1980 · 1981 · 1982 · 1983 · 1984 · 1985 · 1986 · 1987 · 1988 · 1989 · 1990 · 1991 · 1992 · 1993 · 1994 · 1995 · 1996 · 1997 · 1998 · 1999 · 2000 · 2001 · 2002 · 2003 · 2004 · 2005 · 2006 · 2007 · 2008 · 2009 · 2010 · 2011Asociación Nacional de Fútbol Profesional Football in Chile Federación de Fútbol de Chile National teams League system men: Primera División · Primera División B · Tercera División A · Tercera División B
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