Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2

Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2
Phospholipase A2, group VII (platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase, plasma)

Rendering based on PDB 3D59.
Identifiers
Symbols PLA2G7; LDL-PLA2; LP-PLA2; PAFAH
External IDs OMIM601690 MGI1351327 HomoloGene3725 GeneCards: PLA2G7 Gene
EC number 3.1.1.47
RNA expression pattern
PBB GE PLA2G7 206214 at tn.png
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species Human Mouse
Entrez 7941 27226
Ensembl ENSG00000146070 ENSMUSG00000023913
UniProt Q13093 Q3U1V7
RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001168357.1 NM_013737.5
RefSeq (protein) NP_001161829.1 NP_038765.2
Location (UCSC) Chr 6:
46.67 – 46.7 Mb
Chr 17:
43.71 – 43.75 Mb
PubMed search [1] [2]

Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) also known as platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) is a phospholipase A2 enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PLA2G7 gene.[1][2] Lp-PLA2 is a 45-kDa protein of 441 amino acids.[3]

Contents

Function

In the blood it travels mainly with low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Less than 20% is associated with high-density lipoprotein HDL. It is an enzyme produced by inflammatory cells and hydrolyzes oxidized phospholipids in LDL.

Lp-PLA2 is platelet-activating factor (PAF) acetylhydrolase (EC 3.1.1.47), a secreted enzyme that catalyzes the degradation of PAF to inactive products by hydrolysis of the acetyl group at the sn-2 position, producing the biologically inactive products LYSO-PAF and acetate.[4]

Clinical significance

Lp-PLA2 is involved in the development of atherosclerosis.[3] In human atherosclerotic lesions, 2 main sources of Lp-PLA2 can be identified, including that which is brought into the intima bound to LDL (from the circulation), and that which is synthesized de novo by plaque inflammatory cells (macrophages, T cells, mast cells)."

It is used as a marker for cardiac disease.[5]

A meta-analysis involving a total of 79,036 participants in 32 prospective studies found that Lp-PLA2 levels are positively correlated with increased risk of developing coronary heart disease and stroke.[6]

References

  1. ^ Tjoelker LW, Wilder C, Eberhardt C, Stafforini DM, Dietsch G, Schimpf B, Hooper S, Le Trong H, Cousens LS, Zimmerman GA (April 1995). "Anti-inflammatory properties of a platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase". Nature 374 (6522): 549–53. doi:10.1038/374549a0. PMID 7700381. 
  2. ^ Tew DG, Southan C, Rice SQ, Lawrence MP, Li H, Boyd HF, Moores K, Gloger IS, Macphee CH (April 1996). "Purification, properties, sequencing, and cloning of a lipoprotein-associated, serine-dependent phospholipase involved in the oxidative modification of low-density lipoproteins". Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 16 (4): 591–9. doi:10.1161/01.ATV.16.4.591. PMID 8624782. 
  3. ^ a b Zalewski A, Macphee C (May 2005). "Role of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 in atherosclerosis: biology, epidemiology, and possible therapeutic target". Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 25 (5): 923–31. doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000160551.21962.a7. PMID 15731492. 
  4. ^ "Entrez Gene: PLA2G7 phospholipase A2, group VII (platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase, plasma)". http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=7941. 
  5. ^ Mohler ER, Ballantyne CM, Davidson MH, Hanefeld M, Ruilope LM, Johnson JL, Zalewski A (April 2008). "The effect of darapladib on plasma lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 activity and cardiovascular biomarkers in patients with stable coronary heart disease or coronary heart disease risk equivalent: the results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study". J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 51 (17): 1632–41. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2007.11.079. PMID 18436114. 
  6. ^ The Lp-PLA2 Studies Collaboration (2010). "Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 and risk of coronary disease, stroke, and mortality: collaborative analysis of 32 prospective studies". The Lancet 375 (9725): 1536–1544. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60319-4. Lay summary – BBC News. 

See also

Further reading