Marguerite Bourgeoys

Marguerite Bourgeoys
Portrait by Pierre Le Ber (c.1700)
Foundress of the Congregation of Notre Dame
Born	17 April 1620(1620-04-17) Troyes, Champagne, France [1]
Died	12 January 1700(1700-01-12) (aged 79) Ville-Marie (now Montreal) New France [1]
Honored in	Roman Catholic Church, Anglican Church of Canada
Beatified	12 November 1950 by Pope Pius XII
Canonized	31 October 1982, Vatican City
Major shrine	Notre-Dame-de-Bon-Secours Chapel in Montreal, Canada
Feast	12 January
Patronage	against poverty; loss of parents; people rejected by religious orders [2]

Portrait by Antoine Plamondon, probably painted in the 1840s

Saint Marguerite Bourgeoys (17 April 1620 – 12 January 1700, feast day: January 12) was the founder of the Congregation of Notre Dame.

Biography

Marguerite Bourgeoys was born in Troyes, France, April 17th, 1620 the sixth of twelve children of devout parents. After her mother died, Marguerite at 19 took care of her brothers and sisters. Her father, a candle maker, died when she was twenty-seven. A few years later, the governor of Montreal, Canada, Paul Chomedey de Maisonneuve was in France looking for teachers for the New World. He invited Marguerite to come to Montreal to teach school and religion classes in 1653. She accepted the offer and traveled to New France in order to establish her own chapel and school. She is often considered to be one of the founders of Montreal, in New France. However because she was a woman, this status is often ignored, especially due to the circumstances under which women were governed in the 16th and 17th Centuries.

Marguerite Bourgeoys gave away her share of the inheritance from her parents to other members of the family. In 1653, she sailed for New France. On arriving, she initiated the construction of the Notre-Dame-de-Bon-Secours Chapel in honour of Our Lady of Perpetual Help. She opened the first school established at Ville Marie (Montreal) in 1658.^[3] She first worked with rich children, but soon started working with poor and rich people. She returned to France the next year to recruit more teachers, convincing four to accompany her. In 1670, she went to France again, and brought back six more women. Having braved dangerous travel and pioneer conditions, these women became the first Sisters of the Congregation of Notre Dame.

Bourgeoys and her sisters helped people in the colony survive when food was scarce, opened a vocational school, taught young people how to run a home and farm. Bourgeoys' congregation grew to 18 sisters, seven of them Canadian. They opened missions, and two sisters taught at the Native American school. Soon after, Bourgeoys received the first two Native American women into the congregation.

In 1693, Mother Marguerite handed over her congregation to her successor, Marie Barbier, the first Canadian to join the order. The congregation's religious rule was approved by the Church in 1698.

Marguerite spent her last few years praying and writing an autobiography. On December 31, 1699, as a young sister lay dying, Mother Marguerite asked God to take her life in exchange. By the next morning of January 1, 1700, the sister was completely well. But, Mother Marguerite had a raging fever, suffered 12 days, and died in Montreal on January 12, 1700.^{[citation needed]}

In October, 1888, her remains were moved from the church in which they had been interred to the new chapel of her Order at Monklands, Montreal. Mgr. Bourget took steps for her canonization. Her life has been written by several persons. Thomas D'Arcy McGee's poems include verses in her honour.^[4]

Legacy and canonization

Marguerite Bourgeoys was declared venerable in 1878, beatified on 12 November 1950, and canonised by John Paul II on 31 October 1982. She is commemorated in both the Catholic Church and in the Anglican Church of Canada on January 12. She was Canada's first female saint.^[5]

She was buried in the sanctuary of Notre-Dame-de-Bon-Secours Chapel in Montreal. The church now includes a museum about her life and the early history of Montreal. A Quebec provincial electoral district in Montreal is named after Bourgeoys.

References

1. ^ ^{a b} Marguerite Bourgeoys (1620-1700) - biography, Vatican News Service
2. ^ Terry N. Jones, “Saint Marguerite Bourgeous”, Saints.SQPN.com., 11 January 2010, accessed 6 Feb 2010
3. ^ Buescher, John. "Religious Orders of Women in New France" Teachinghistory.org, accessed August 21, 2011.
4. ^ Morgan, Henry James Types of Canadian women and of women who are or have been connected with Canada : (Toronto, 1903) [1]
5. ^ Charlotte Gray 'The Museum Called Canada: 25 Rooms of Wonder' Random House, 2004

External links

• Congrégation de Notre-Dame
• Marguerite Bourgeoys Museum
• Biography, Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
• "Marguerite Bourgeoys", The Vatican
• "Congregation of Notre Dame de Montreal", Catholic Encyclopedia
• Catholic Forum Saints: Marguerite Bourgeous

Persondata
Name	Bourgeoys, Marguerite
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	17 April 1620
Place of birth	Troyes, Champagne, France
Date of death	12 January 1700
Place of death	Ville-Marie (now Montreal) New France