Cygnet Cinema

Cygnet Cinema
The Cygnet Cinema, Como
General information
Architectural style	Streamline Moderne
Town or city	Preston Street, Como, Western Australia
Country	Australia
Coordinates	31°59′37″S 115°51′30″E / 31.9935°S 115.8583°E / -31.9935; 115.8583Coordinates: 31°59′37″S 115°51′30″E / 31.9935°S 115.8583°E / -31.9935; 115.8583
Completed	4 March 1938
Design and construction
Client	James Stiles (Grand Theatre Company)
Architect	Baxter Cox and Leighton

Cygnet Cinema is located at 16 Preston Street, Como, Western Australia. It was the first purpose built sound cinema in the suburbs immediately south of the city in the inter-war period.^[1] The Cygnet Cinema opened in 1938 and was built by local identity and film entrepreneur James Stiles. It is an excellent example of the art deco style of architect William Leighton^[1] and is included on the State’s Heritage Register.

History

The Cygnet Theatre, built in 1938 for James Stiles of the Grand Theatre Company,^[2] was originally named the Como Theatre. Formerly a real estate agent, Stiles moved into the cinema industry to save one of his assets, Grand Theatre, which faced ruin in the wake of the stock market crash in 1929. With the boom in cheap entertainment, the Grand Theatre Company soon became a very successful company. In 1938, Stiles managed to secure a ten year lease on Piccadilly Theatre,^[2] modernised his existing cinemas and built Como Theatre.

In the late 1930s South Perth had developed as a desirable, respectable riverside suburb. Como Beach was a popular recreation area for families, and a ferry service to the city left from the Como jetty at the bottom end of Preston Street.

The 1930s were also a boom period for entertainment. Attending the cinema was a popular pastime and an escape from the poverty of the Depression. A number of cinemas were built, not only in the city centres of Perth or Fremantle, but also in the suburbs. The Cygnet Theatre was not the first cinema in the South Perth area. It was preceded by the picture shows held twice weekly at the Swan Street Hall (1922), the Gaiety Picture Theatre on the corner of Coode and Angelo Streets (1926) and the Hurlingham Picture Theatre on Canning Highway (1933). The Gaiety and Hurlingham were still in operation when the Como Theatre opened in 1938 as the most modern and up-to-date-cinema in the district, screening "talkies" for the first time.

The Como Theatre was officially opened on 4 March 1938, by the Chairman of the South Perth Road Board, G.V. Abjornson.^[3] It was designed by William T. Leighton, the well known Inter-War architect, and built by W H Ralph and Sons. In the late 1930s Leighton secured a reputation as a leading cinema designer for his work on several Perth cinemas, including the Piccadilly Theatre and Arcade, the Windsor Theatre in Nedlands, and the Astor Theatre in Mount Lawley. He was also behind the refurbishment of the Royal Theatre and Grand Theatre.^[4] Como Theatre originally had both an indoor auditorium and an outdoor picture garden, which was serviced by one mechanised ‘bio box’.^[3] The tram and ferry services brought people from outside the area to the Cinema.

The theatre was renamed the Cygnet Theatre in the 1960s^[5] to associate it with the Festival of Perth’s black swan logo. Despite the name change, the original Broadway face type lettering stating The Como Theatre around the 'bio box' still exists. Although no longer a Festival of Perth venue, the Cygnet Cinema continues to successfully operate as a suburban cinema.

The entrance and foyer of the cinema were rearranged in 1964, with the entry doors shifted west of the original entrance, and the original entrance area was converted into part of the confectionery counter. Air conditioning was installed in the cinema in October 1968 to combat the threat of television, but patronage continued to drop and the picture garden was demolished within a year.^[3] In 1981 alterations were made to the auditorium, with the seats in the front stalls removed and the other seating realigned.

Architectural character

The theatre reflects the architectural style popular in the inter-war period, using nautical motifs such as wavy lines, smooth flat curves and tubular handrails, with an architectural emphasis on both the horizontal and vertical aspects of the building.^[4]

The Cygnet Cinema is an example of the Inter-War Functionalist style. Characteristics of this style are the asymmetrical massing of smooth geometric elements, and emphasis on exterior form reflecting internal function. The prominent central tower housed the ‘bio box’, which serviced both the indoor auditorium and the outdoor picture garden. Film canisters were hauled up to the ‘bio box’ balcony from the street. The tower extends out in a fashionable streamlined curve and features a cantilevered balcony with steel railings, resembling the form of a modern ocean liner. The ‘liner’ theme is reinforced by the three ‘port hole’ windows on the exterior of the building. The stylistic influence of Le Corbusier, a functional Modernist architect, is evident in these forms and detail.^[3]

Current uses

In August 2004, the Heritage Council of Western Australia provided a $4,500 grant to prepare a conservation plan for the Cinema.^[6] The theatre is currently leased by independent operators from the owner, Colin Stiles, the son of the original owner, James Stiles.

Heritage value

The Cygnet Theatre was entered into the Register of the National Estate by the Australian Heritage Commission on 27 October 1998^[7] and was classified by the National Trust (WA) on 2 May 1988. The building is also included on the City of South Perth's Municipal Inventory and was permanently listed on the State Register of Heritage Places on 30 June 1995.^[8]

Further reading

• A Pictorial Guide to Identifying Australian Architecture: Styles and Terms from 1788 to the Present Apperly, R., Irving, R. and Reynolds (1989) North Ryde, Angus and Robertson
• Perth: A Cinema History Bell, M.D (1986) Sussex, Book Guild
• Westralian Suburb: The History of South Perth Crowley, F. K. (1962) Rigby, Perth
• Essays on Art and Architecture in Western Australia Geneve, V. `William Thomas Leighton: Cinema Architect of the 1930s` in Bromfield, D. (ed.) 1988, University of Western Australia Press, Nedlands
• Across Perth Water: Reminiscences of South Perth Gothard, J. (1988) South Perth City Council

References

1. ^ ^{a b} "Register of Heritage Places : Permanent Entry (Cygnet Theatre)". HCWA. http://register.heritage.wa.gov.au/PDF_Files/C%20Reg/Cygnet%20Theatre%20(P).PDF. Retrieved 2008-08-01. 
2. ^ ^{a b} Bertrand, Ina (1987). "David and Goliath: The Grand Theatre Company and the National Exhibition Chains". Murdoch University. http://wwwmcc.murdoch.edu.au/ReadingRoom/hfilm/BERTRAND.html. Retrieved 2008-07-29. 
3. ^ ^{a b c d} "Heritage Assessment". HCWA. http://register.heritage.wa.gov.au/PDF_Files/C%20-%20A-D/Cygnet%20Theatre%20(P-AD).PDF. Retrieved 2008-08-11. 
4. ^ ^{a b} "Cygnet Cinema, 16 Preston St, Como". Aussie Heritage. http://www.aussieheritage.com.au/listings/wa/Como/CygnetCinema/20066. Retrieved 2008-08-11. 
5. ^ Honniball, Jack. "Cinemas 1896-1985". Murdoch University. http://wwwmcc.murdoch.edu.au/ReadingRoom/film/image/Honniball.html. Retrieved 2008-07-29. 
6. ^ "$1million grants protect 40 heritage properties". HCWA. 2008-08-24. Archived from the original on 2008-07-19. http://web.archive.org/web/20080719193800/http://www.heritage.wa.gov.au/h_media/pr_0408.html. Retrieved 2008-07-29. 
7. ^ "Entry AHD17345". Australian Heritage Database. Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities. http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/ahdb/search.pl?mode=place_detail;place_id=17345. Retrieved 2008-08-11. 
8. ^ "Heritage Database". HCWA. http://register.heritage.wa.gov.au/viewplace.html?place_seq=2404&offset=0&view=regentries. Retrieved 2008-08-11. 

External links

• photo gallery
• Official website