Ficus coronata

Creek Sandpaper Fig
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Rosids
Order:	Rosales
Family:	Moraceae
Genus:	Ficus
Species:	F. coronata
Binomial name
Ficus coronata Spin
Synonyms
Ficus stephanocarpa Warb.

Ficus coronata, commonly known as the Sandpaper Fig or Creek Sandpaper Fig, is a species of fig tree, native to Australia. It is found along the east coast from Mackay in Central Queensland, through New South Wales and just into Victoria near Mallacoota. It grows along river banks and gullies in rainforest and open forest. Its common name is derived from its rough sandpapery leaves, which it shares with the other sandpaper figs.

Taxonomy

It was first described by the Italian Marquese di Spigno in 1818. Its specific epithet the Latin coronata "crowned", referring to a ring of bristles around the apex of the fruit. Ficus stephanocarpa (also meaning ‘crowned fruit’) as described by the German botanist Otto Warburg is a synonym.^[1]

Description

The sandpaper fig is a small tree which may reach the dimensions of 6–12 m (20–40 ft) tall by 3–5 m (10–15 ft) wide, although is generally smaller. The trunk is dark brown, and the ovate or elliptical leaves are 5–15 cm (2–6 in) long by 2–5 cm (1–2 in) wide and very scabrous (rough) like sandpaper on the upper side. The new growth is hairy. The succulent oval fruit is around 1.5 cm (0.6 in) long and covered in dense hairs.^[1][2]

Distribution and habitat

The Sandpaper fig is found along watercourses and gullies in rainforest, and less commonly in open forest. It may be associated with the rough-barked apple (Angophora floribunda).^[3] It is found from Mackay southwards through New South Wales and into eastern Victoria where it is listed as "threatened" under the Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988.^[4] There is one record from the Northern Territory.^[1]

Ecology

Ficus coronata serves as a food plant for the caterpillars of the Queensland butterfly the Common- or Purple Moonbeam (Philiris innotatus),^[5] The Australasian Figbird (Sphecotheres vieilloti), Green Catbird (Ailuroedus crassirostris), Olive-backed Oriole (Oriolus sagittatus), Topknot Pigeon (Lopholaimus antarcticus), and Grey-headed Flying Fox (Pteropus poliocephalus) are among those animals who consume the fruit.^[6]

Ficus coronata showing leaves and mature figs

Uses

The fruit is edible and palatable,^[7] and was consumed by local aborigines.

A popular story holds that the fig's leaves were used as sandpaper for polishing wood or turtle shells by indigenous people, yet when tested by Bonsai and fig enthusiast Len Webber, they were too brittle and soft to function in this fashion.^[8]

The Sandpaper Fig's leaves are an attractive attribute which may be highlighted with bonsai, although the trunk may not thicken spontaneously.^[9] It is suited to a shady position in gardens, or medium to brightly-lit indoor spaces.^[10] Like all figs in garden situations, they attract birds,^[11] such as species of silvereye and rainforest pigeon.^[12]

References

1. ^ ^{a b c} Eliot RW, Jones DL, Blake T (1986). Encyclopaedia of Australian Plants Suitable for Cultivation: Volume 4 (Eu-Go). Port Melbourne: Lothian Press. p. 213–X. ISBN 0-85091-589-9. 
2. ^ Fairley, Alan; Moore, Philip (2000). Native Plants of the Sydney District:An Identification Guide (2nd ed.). Kenthurst, NSW: Kangaroo Press. pp. 61–62. ISBN 0-7318-1031-7. 
3. ^ Benson, Doug; McDougall, Lyn (1998). "Ecology of Sydney plant species:Part 6 Dicotyledon family Myrtaceae" (PDF). Cunninghamia 5 (4): 809–987. Archived from the original on 2007-10-07. http://web.archive.org/web/20071007171819/http://www.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/58049/Cun5Ben808.pdf. Retrieved 2008-02-19. 
4. ^ "Threatened List March 2008". Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988. Department of Sustainability and Environment. http://www.dse.vic.gov.au/CA256F310024B628/0/36B3DDD055E821CCCA2574960015839C/$File/FFG+threatened+list+March+2008.pdf. 
5. ^ Braby, Michael F. (2005). The Complete Field Guide to Butterflies of Australia. Collingwood, Victoria: CSIRO Publishing. p. 228. ISBN 0-643-09027-4. 
6. ^ Floyd, Alex G. (2009). Rainforest Trees of Mainland Southeastern Australia. Lismore, NSW: Terania Rainforest Publishing. p. 230. ISBN 09589443673. 
7. ^ Lindsay, Lenore (March 1992). "Fancy a feast? Try a fig.". Australian Plants 16 (130): 251–52. 
8. ^ Webber, Len (1991). Rainforest to Bonsai. East Roseville, NSW: Simon and Schuster. p. 125. ISBN 0-7318-0237-3. 
9. ^ Koreshoff, Dorothy and Vita (1984). Bonsai with Australian native Plants. Brisbane: Boolarong Publications. p. 52. ISBN 0-908175-663. 
10. ^ Ratcliffe, David & Patricia (1987). Australian Native Plants for Indoors. Crows Nest, NSW: Little Hills Press. p. 89. ISBN 0-949773-49-2. 
11. ^ Elliot, Rodger (1994). Attracting Wildlife to Your Garden. Melbourne: Lothian Books. p. 58. ISBN 0-85091-628-3. 
12. ^ Dengate, John (1994). Attracting Birds to Your Garden. Kenthurst: New Holland Press. p. 23. ISBN 1-86436-411-4. 

External links

• "Ficus coronata". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government. http://www.anbg.gov.au/cgi-bin/apni?taxon_id=36670.