Oleanolic acid

Oleanolic acid[1]
IUPAC name (4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bS)-10-hydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid
Other names Oleanic acid
Identifiers
CAS number	508-02-1 Y
PubChem	10494
ChemSpider	10062 Y
EC number	208-081-6
ChEBI	CHEBI:37659 N
ChEMBL	CHEMBL168 Y
Jmol-3D images	Image 1
SMILES O=C(O)[C@@]54[C@H](/C3=C/C[C@H]1[C@](CC[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)CC[C@H](O)C2(C)C)(C)[C@]3(C)CC4)CC(C)(C)CC5
InChI InChI=1S/C30H48O3/c1-25(2)14-16-30(24(32)33)17-15-28(6)19(20(30)18-25)8-9-22-27(5)12-11-23(31)26(3,4)21(27)10-13-29(22,28)7/h8,20-23,31H,9-18H2,1-7H3,(H,32,33)/t20-,21-,22+,23-,27-,28+,29+,30-/m0/s1 Y Key: MIJYXULNPSFWEK-GTOFXWBISA-N Y
Properties
Molecular formula	C30H48O3
Molar mass	456.7 g mol−1
Appearance	light yellow
Melting point	>300 °C
N (verify) (what is: Y/N?) Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox references

Oleanolic acid or oleanic acid is a naturally occurring triterpenoid, widely distributed in food and medicinal plants, related to betulinic acid. It can be found in Phytolacca americana (American pokeweed), and Syzygium spp, garlic, etc. It is relatively non-toxic, antitumor, and hepatoprotective, as well as exhibiting antiviral properties.^[2]

Oleanolic acid was found to exhibit strong anti-HIV activity,^[3] the related compound betulinic acid was used to create the first commercial maturation inhibitor drug. It was first studied and isolated from several plants, including Rosa woodsii (leaves), Prosopis glandulosa (leaves and twigs), Phordendron juniperinum (whole plant), Syzygium claviflorum (leaves), Hyptis capitata (whole plant), and Ternstromia gymnanthera (aerial part). Other Syzygium species including java apple (Syzygium samarangense) and rose apples contain it.

An extremely potent synthetic triterpenoid analogue of oleanolic acid was found in 2005, that is a powerful inhibitor of cellular inflammatory processes. They work by the induction by IFN- of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and of cyclooxygenase 2 in mouse macrophages. They are extremely potent inducers of the phase 2 response (e.g., elevation of NADH-quinone oxidoreductase and heme oxygenase 1), which is a major protector of cells against oxidative and electrophile stress.^[4]

See also

• Ursolic acid
• Moronic acid
• Momordin (saponin), a glycoside of oleanolic acid.
• List of phytochemicals and foods in which they are prominent

References

1. ^ Oleanolic acid at Sigma-Aldrich
2. ^ Liu J (1995). "Pharmacology of oleanolic acid and ursolic acid". Journal of ethnopharmacology 49 (2): 57–68. doi:10.1016/0378-8741(95)90032-2. PMID 8847885. 
3. ^ Kishiwada, 1998
4. ^ Albena T. Dinkova-Kostova, Karen T. Liby, Katherine K. Stephenson, W. David Holtzclaw, Xiangqun Gao, Nanjoo Suh, Charlotte Williams, Renee Risingsong, Tadashi Honda, Gordon W. Gribble, Michael B. Sporn, and Paul Talalay (2005). "Extremely potent triterpenoid inducers of the phase 2 response: Correlations of protection against oxidant and inflammatory stress". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 102 (12): 4584–9. doi:10.1073/pnas.0500815102. PMC 555528. PMID 15767573. http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/abstract/102/12/4584.