Diotisalvi

For the trecento painter sometimes known as Diotisalvi, see Dietisalvi di Speme.

Diotisalvi, Deotisalvi or Deustesalvet was an architect from Pisa, Italy, active in the 12th century in Pisa. Little is known of him.

Biography

He is well known to be the original architect of Baptistry of Pisa, in Piazza dei Miracoli, as we can read in the sign he left inside the building, with the date 1152 (1153 stile pisano):

MCLIII, MENSE AUGUSTI FUNDATA FUIT HAEC ECCLESIA DEUSTESALVET MAGISTER HUIUS OPERIS

Although he did the original project, the present Baptistery was different than his idea. In fact, he constructed only the first part, the ground floor. The building was continued after his death by Nicola Pisano, a century after its foundation, and then completed by Giovanni Pisano. They changed many things in the final form of the building, that was intended to be simpler with no gothic cusps and no dome, just a small, and high, pyramidal roof. This was connected to the fact that he wanted to resemble the Anastasis in the basilica of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem. Maybe Diotisalvi wanted to replicate his previous work of the church of Holy Sepulchre in Pisa, 40 years before.

The church of Holy Sepulchre, was built in the first part of 12th century. There are proofs that it existed in 1113. The church has an octagonal shape and a pyramidal roof. Inside the belltower, there is a sign where Deustesalvet claims to be the fabricator, i.e. contructor of the building. The inside was meant to resemble the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem, while the outside was meant to resemble the Mosque of Omar, even in Jerusalem, because in that time was believed that the mosque was the Solomon's Temple. There are many churches in Europe dedicated to the Holy Sepulchre in octagonal or circular shape. We can cite the one in Bologna, Italy, inside the complex of Saint Stephen, or the one in Cambridge, or the Temple Church in London, United Kingdom.

He was fabricator in 1113, and magister in 1153. That means he refined his art in some school, maybe the construction works of the Cathedral.

He did some other works, but without signing them.

The chapel of Saint Agatha, a small chapel behind the church of Saint Paul a Ripa d'Arno. The small building was maybe originally built in 1063 by the monks, but the present shape was by a Diotisalvi. The first certification of the existence of the chapel is in 1132, maybe after the architect worked on it. It is in the usual octagonal shape, with a pyramidal roof.

The bell tower of the church of St Nicholas. It has an octagonal shape, and a pyramidal roof, as all the other buildings by Diotisalvi. It was built in 1170, although there are no proofs, but only hypothesis. The bell-chamber instead is hexagonal with one window in every side. Inside there is a winding staircase, with a wall only on the external part, unlikely the Leaning Tower of Pisa. It was separated from the nearby buildings in origin, and it is slightly tilting.

Recent studies attribute by analogies also the famous Leaning Tower of Pisa (1173) to magister Diotisalvi. The shape, the construction, the affinity with the belltower of St. Nicholas all bring to the mind the work of Diotisalvi. Like the Baptistery the tower wasn't complete by him, maybe, just like the Baptistery, was Giovanni Pisano the last architect. That should explain why there is no pyramidal roof like all the other buildings.

Notes

Many of his works have some defects in common: the church of Holy Sepulchre, the belltower of St. Nicholas and the Leaning Tower all lean (in particular the two towers), and all sunk a bit in the ground. This is mainly due to the nature of the ground in Pisa, but it is particularly notable in those buildings (there is another building in the city not made by Diotisalvi that has the same problem: the medieval church of St. Michele degli Scalzi).

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  St. Agatha chapel

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  Church of the Holy Sepulchre

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  Inside view of the pyramidal cusp of the Holy Sepulchre

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  Baptistery of St. John

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  Inside view of the false dome of the Baptistery, with the internal conic cusp

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  Belltower of St.Nicholas

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  Leaning Tower of Pisa

Bibliography

• Piero Pierotti, Deotisalvi. Architetto pisano del secolo d'oro, Pacini editore, Pisa 2001 (Italian)

External links

• A digitalization of the Baptistry how should look according to the original project by Diotisalvi.

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