DDX58

DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 58
Rendering based on PDB 2QFB.
Available structures PDB 2QFB, 2QFD, 2RMJ, 3LRN, 3LRR, 3NCU, 3OG8
Identifiers
Symbols	DDX58; DKFZp434J1111; DKFZp686N19181; FLJ13599; RIG-I
External IDs	OMIM: 609631 MGI: 2442858 HomoloGene: 32215 GeneCards: DDX58 Gene
EC number	3.6.4.13
Gene Ontology Molecular function • nucleotide binding • double-stranded RNA binding • helicase activity • protein binding • ATP binding • ATP-dependent helicase activity • zinc ion binding • hydrolase activity, acting on acid anhydrides • metal ion binding Cellular component • cytoplasm • cytosol • cytosol Biological process • positive regulation of defense response to virus by host • detection of virus • negative regulation of type I interferon production • positive regulation of interferon-alpha production • positive regulation of interferon-beta production • positive regulation of interferon-beta production • positive regulation of transcription factor import into nucleus • innate immune response • positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter • positive regulation of sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	23586	230073
Ensembl	ENSG00000107201	ENSMUSG00000040296
UniProt	O95786	Q05CC6
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_014314	NM_172689.3
RefSeq (protein)	NP_055129	NP_766277.3
Location (UCSC)	Chr 9: 32.46 – 32.53 Mb	Chr 4: 40.15 – 40.19 Mb
PubMed search	[1]	[2]

Probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX58 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DDX58 gene. It codes for a protein called retinoic acid-inducible gene 1 protein (or RIG-I), also known as DEAD-box protein 58 (DDX58), which is a cell receptor found in the cytoplasm of cells. RIG-I is part of the RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) family, which also includes MDA5 and LGP2, and functions as a pattern recognition receptor that is a sensor for viruses. DDX58 and MDA5 are involved in activating MAVS and triggering an antiviral response. ^[1]

Function

DEAD box proteins, characterized by the conserved motif Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp (DEAD), are putative RNA helicases which are implicated in a number of cellular processes involving RNA binding and alteration of RNA secondary structure. This gene encodes a protein containing RNA helicase-DEAD box protein motifs and a caspase recruitment domain (CARD). It is involved in viral double-stranded (ds) RNA recognition and the regulation of immune response.^[2]

References

1. ^ Hou, F; Sun, L, Zheng, H, Skaug, B, Jiang, QX, Chen, ZJ (2011 Aug 5). "MAVS forms functional prion-like aggregates to activate and propagate antiviral innate immune response.". Cell 146 (3): 448–61. PMID 21782231. 
2. ^ "Entrez Gene: DDX58 DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 58". http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=23586. 

Further reading

• Bowie AG, Fitzgerald KA (2007). "RIG-I: tri-ing to discriminate between self and non-self RNA.". Trends Immunol. 28 (4): 147–50. doi:10.1016/j.it.2007.02.002. PMID 17307033. 
• Imaizumi T, Aratani S, Nakajima T, et al. (2002). "Retinoic acid-inducible gene-I is induced in endothelial cells by LPS and regulates expression of COX-2.". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 292 (1): 274–9. doi:10.1006/bbrc.2002.6650. PMID 11890704. 
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=139241. 
• Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, et al. (2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–5. doi:10.1038/ng1285. PMID 14702039. 
• Humphray SJ, Oliver K, Hunt AR, et al. (2004). "DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 9.". Nature 429 (6990): 369–74. doi:10.1038/nature02465. PMC 2734081. PMID 15164053. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2734081. 
• Cui XF, Imaizumi T, Yoshida H, et al. (2005). "Retinoic acid-inducible gene-I is induced by interferon-gamma and regulates the expression of interferon-gamma stimulated gene 15 in MCF-7 cells.". Biochem. Cell Biol. 82 (3): 401–5. doi:10.1139/o04-041. PMID 15181474. 
• Yoneyama M, Kikuchi M, Natsukawa T, et al. (2004). "The RNA helicase RIG-I has an essential function in double-stranded RNA-induced innate antiviral responses.". Nat. Immunol. 5 (7): 730–7. doi:10.1038/ni1087. PMID 15208624. 
• Imaizumi T, Yagihashi N, Hatakeyama M, et al. (2004). "Expression of retinoic acid-inducible gene-I in vascular smooth muscle cells stimulated with interferon-gamma.". Life Sci. 75 (10): 1171–80. doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2004.01.030. PMID 15219805. 
• Imaizumi T, Yagihashi N, Hatakeyama M, et al. (2005). "Upregulation of retinoic acid-inducible gene-I in T24 urinary bladder carcinoma cells stimulated with interferon-gamma.". Tohoku J. Exp. Med. 203 (4): 313–8. doi:10.1620/tjem.203.313. PMID 15297736. 
• Imaizumi T, Hatakeyama M, Yamashita K, et al. (2004). "Interferon-gamma induces retinoic acid-inducible gene-I in endothelial cells.". Endothelium 11 (3-4): 169–73. doi:10.1080/10623320490512156. PMID 15370293. 
• Sakaki H, Imaizumi T, Matsumiya T, et al. (2005). "Retinoic acid-inducible gene-I is induced by interleukin-1beta in cultured human gingival fibroblasts.". Oral Microbiol. Immunol. 20 (1): 47–50. doi:10.1111/j.1399-302X.2005.00181.x. PMID 15612946. 
• Sumpter R, Loo YM, Foy E, et al. (2005). "Regulating intracellular antiviral defense and permissiveness to hepatitis C virus RNA replication through a cellular RNA helicase, RIG-I.". J. Virol. 79 (5): 2689–99. doi:10.1128/JVI.79.5.2689-2699.2005. PMC 548482. PMID 15708988. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=548482. 
• Li K, Chen Z, Kato N, et al. (2005). "Distinct poly(I-C) and virus-activated signaling pathways leading to interferon-beta production in hepatocytes.". J. Biol. Chem. 280 (17): 16739–47. doi:10.1074/jbc.M414139200. PMID 15737993. 
• Breiman A, Grandvaux N, Lin R, et al. (2005). "Inhibition of RIG-I-dependent signaling to the interferon pathway during hepatitis C virus expression and restoration of signaling by IKKepsilon.". J. Virol. 79 (7): 3969–78. doi:10.1128/JVI.79.7.3969-3978.2005. PMC 1061556. PMID 15767399. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1061556. 
• Zhao C, Denison C, Huibregtse JM, et al. (2005). "Human ISG15 conjugation targets both IFN-induced and constitutively expressed proteins functioning in diverse cellular pathways.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102 (29): 10200–5. doi:10.1073/pnas.0504754102. PMC 1177427. PMID 16009940. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1177427. 
• Yoneyama M, Kikuchi M, Matsumoto K, et al. (2005). "Shared and unique functions of the DExD/H-box helicases RIG-I, MDA5, and LGP2 in antiviral innate immunity.". J. Immunol. 175 (5): 2851–8. PMID 16116171. 
• Seth RB, Sun L, Ea CK, Chen ZJ (2005). "Identification and characterization of MAVS, a mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein that activates NF-kappaB and IRF 3.". Cell 122 (5): 669–82. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2005.08.012. PMID 16125763. 
• Kawai T, Takahashi K, Sato S, et al. (2005). "IPS-1, an adaptor triggering RIG-I- and Mda5-mediated type I interferon induction.". Nat. Immunol. 6 (10): 981–8. doi:10.1038/ni1243. PMID 16127453. 
• Xu LG, Wang YY, Han KJ, et al. (2005). "VISA is an adapter protein required for virus-triggered IFN-beta signaling.". Mol. Cell 19 (6): 727–40. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2005.08.014. PMID 16153868. 
• Meylan E, Curran J, Hofmann K, et al. (2005). "Cardif is an adaptor protein in the RIG-I antiviral pathway and is targeted by hepatitis C virus.". Nature 437 (7062): 1167–72. doi:10.1038/nature04193. PMID 16177806.