Winter Moth

Winter Moth
In North America, "Winter Moth" usually denotes the closely related Operophtera bruceata, but may also mean the less close relative Erannis tiliaria (Linden Looper).
Winter Moth
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Geometridae
Genus: Operophtera
Species: O. brumata
Binomial name
Operophtera brumata
Linnaeus, 1758

The Winter Moth (Operophtera brumata) is a moth of the family Geometridae. It is an abundant species of Europe and the Near East and one of very few Lepidoptera of temperate regions in which the adults are active in the depth of winter.

The female of this species is virtually wingless and cannot fly, but the male is fully winged and flies strongly. Its wingspan is 28–33 mm with alternating pale buff and darker brown fascia on the forewings and a similar pattern, but much paler, on the hindwings. The adults are active at night throughout the winter from October to February[1]. Males are attracted to light and females.

After mating, females lay their eggs in tree bark crevices or in other sheltered locations, and all adults die. The eggs hatch in the spring when temperatures average around 13°C (55°F). After hatching, the young larvae crawl up tree trunks and produce silken thread that can carry them in the wind to new areas. This dispersal method, called "ballooning," is common among defoliators.

Eggs
Caterpillar
Pupa
Mating

The caterpillars are green loopers with pale lines on the sides and a darker one along the top. They will feed on virtually any tree or shrub (see list below) and can be a serious pest in apple orchards. Generally, their feeding is completed by mid-June.

Winter Moths are considered an invasive species in North America; Nova Scotia experienced the first confirmed infestations in the 1930s. The moth is now found in British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, and Massachusetts. In Massachusetts, the moths have attracted the attention of several media outlets due to the severity of the infestation.[1] There have been unconfirmed reports of infestations in southern New Hampshire and northern Rhode Island.

Recorded food plants

References

  • Chinery, Michael, Collins Guide to the Insects of Britain and Western Europe, 1986 (Reprinted 1991)
  • Skinner, Bernard, Colour Identification Guide to Moths of the British Isles, 1984
  • The pest control of the chestnut tree by Dr Péter Szentiványi. Chestnut - Agricultural Publisher. For Sarkpont Cc., Hungary.
  1. ^ "Mystery pests" Boston Globe (12/3/09) http://www.boston.com/news/local/articles/2009/12/03/invasion_of_winter_moths_has_scientists_residents_looking_for_answers/

Notes

  1. ^ The flight season refers to the British Isles. This may vary in other parts of the range.

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Look at other dictionaries:

  • Winter moth — Winter Win ter, n. [AS. winter; akin to OFries. & D. winter, OS. & OHG. wintar, G. winter, D. & Sw. vinter, Icel. vetr, Goth. wintrus; of uncertain origin; cf. Old Gallic vindo white (in comp.), OIr. find white. ????.] [1913 Webster] 1. The… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • winter moth — noun : any of several geometrid moths (as Operophtera brumata or Erannis tiliaria) in which the females are often wingless …   Useful english dictionary

  • Winter — Win ter, n. [AS. winter; akin to OFries. & D. winter, OS. & OHG. wintar, G. winter, D. & Sw. vinter, Icel. vetr, Goth. wintrus; of uncertain origin; cf. Old Gallic vindo white (in comp.), OIr. find white. ????.] [1913 Webster] 1. The season of… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • Winter apple — Winter Win ter, n. [AS. winter; akin to OFries. & D. winter, OS. & OHG. wintar, G. winter, D. & Sw. vinter, Icel. vetr, Goth. wintrus; of uncertain origin; cf. Old Gallic vindo white (in comp.), OIr. find white. ????.] [1913 Webster] 1. The… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • Winter barley — Winter Win ter, n. [AS. winter; akin to OFries. & D. winter, OS. & OHG. wintar, G. winter, D. & Sw. vinter, Icel. vetr, Goth. wintrus; of uncertain origin; cf. Old Gallic vindo white (in comp.), OIr. find white. ????.] [1913 Webster] 1. The… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • Winter berry — Winter Win ter, n. [AS. winter; akin to OFries. & D. winter, OS. & OHG. wintar, G. winter, D. & Sw. vinter, Icel. vetr, Goth. wintrus; of uncertain origin; cf. Old Gallic vindo white (in comp.), OIr. find white. ????.] [1913 Webster] 1. The… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • Winter bloom — Winter Win ter, n. [AS. winter; akin to OFries. & D. winter, OS. & OHG. wintar, G. winter, D. & Sw. vinter, Icel. vetr, Goth. wintrus; of uncertain origin; cf. Old Gallic vindo white (in comp.), OIr. find white. ????.] [1913 Webster] 1. The… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • Winter bud — Winter Win ter, n. [AS. winter; akin to OFries. & D. winter, OS. & OHG. wintar, G. winter, D. & Sw. vinter, Icel. vetr, Goth. wintrus; of uncertain origin; cf. Old Gallic vindo white (in comp.), OIr. find white. ????.] [1913 Webster] 1. The… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • Winter cherry — Winter Win ter, n. [AS. winter; akin to OFries. & D. winter, OS. & OHG. wintar, G. winter, D. & Sw. vinter, Icel. vetr, Goth. wintrus; of uncertain origin; cf. Old Gallic vindo white (in comp.), OIr. find white. ????.] [1913 Webster] 1. The… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • Winter cough — Winter Win ter, n. [AS. winter; akin to OFries. & D. winter, OS. & OHG. wintar, G. winter, D. & Sw. vinter, Icel. vetr, Goth. wintrus; of uncertain origin; cf. Old Gallic vindo white (in comp.), OIr. find white. ????.] [1913 Webster] 1. The… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

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