- Tuoba
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Tuoba, or Tabgach, were a clan of Xianbei people of ancient China.
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Xianbei Tuoba
Tuoba (Chinese: 拓拔; pinyin: Tuòbá; Wade–Giles: T'o-pa) was a clan of the Xianbei people in the early centuries of the 1st millennium AD. They established the State of Dai from 310 to 376 AD, and the Northern Wei Dynasty from 386 to 536 AD. Distribution of Xianbei people ranged from present day Manchuria to Mongolia, and the Tuoba clan was one of the largest clans among western Xianbei clans, ranging from present day Shanxi province and westward and northwestward. Tuoba clan was awarded by Chinese rulers as the leader of western Xianbei clans (西部大人) and its people adopted their clan name as their surname.
Tabgach is the name (as attested to in the Orhun inscriptions in the Göktürk language), and most likely meant "earth-origined" (as in toprak), or "round" (as in Topkapi) in Turkish[dubious ]. The Chinese surname Yuan was later adopted by the Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei to replace Tuoba, and approximates the meanings of "origin" or "round" in the Chinese language.
The Tuoba states of Dai[1] and Northern Wei also claimed to possess the quality of earth in the Chinese five element analogy.
Chieftains of Tuoba Clan 219-377 (as Princes of Dai 315-377)
Posthumous name Full name Period of Reign Other 神元 Shényuán 拓拔力微 Tuòbá Lìwéi 219-277 Temple Name: 始祖 Shízǔ 章 Zhāng 拓拔悉鹿 Tuòbá Xīlù 277-286 平 Píng 拓拔綽 Tuòbá Chuò 286-293 思 Sī 拓拔弗 Tuòbá Fú 293-294 昭 Zhāo 拓拔祿官 Tuòbá Lùguān 294-307 桓 Huán 拓拔猗㐌 Tuòbá Yītuō 295-305 穆 Mù 拓拔猗盧 Tuòbá Yīlú 295-316 None 拓拔普根 Tuòbá Pǔgēn 316 None 拓拔 Tuòbá[2] 316 平文 Píngwén 拓跋鬱律 Tuòbá Yùlǜ 316-321 惠 Huì 拓拔賀傉 Tuòbá Hèrǔ 321-325 煬 Yáng 拓拔紇那 Tuòbá Hénǎ 325-329 and 335-337 烈 Liè 拓拔翳槐 Tuòbá Yìhuaí 329-335 and 337-338 昭成 Zhaōchéng 拓拔什翼健 Tuòbá Shíyìjiàn 338-377 Era name: 建國 Jiànguó Tangut Tuoba
Tuoba is also the ruling clan of Western Xia Kingdom, but the king adopted the Chinese-style name Li. Tuoba Sigong, or Li Sigong is an ancestor of Li Yuanhao, the first king of Western Xia Kingdom.
The Tuoba Family was the ruling family of Northern Wei Dynasty, founded by Tuoba Gui, then Emperor Daowu. Hence the rulers of Northern Wei Dynasty will start with him, not as a continuation of this table.Upon the reign of Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei, the Tuoba clan started the Sinicisation process by changing their clan name to the Han Chinese surname Yuan (元).
See also
- Chinese sovereign
- History of China
- Jin Dynasty (265-420)
- Khitan people
- Northern Wei Dynasty
- Tabgach
- Tribes in Chinese history
- Xianbei
References
Sixteen Kingdoms 16 Kingdoms Cheng Han • Han Zhao• Later Zhao • Former Liang • Later Liang • Western Liang • Northern Liang • Southern Liang • Former Qin • Later Qin • Western Qin • Former Yan • Later Yan • Northern Yan • Southern Yan • XiaNot included
in the 16 KingdomsCategories:- Agglutinative languages
- Ancient peoples of China
- Xianbei
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