Sun Valley, Idaho

Infobox Settlement
official_name = Sun Valley, Idaho
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settlement_type = City
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map_caption = Location in Blaine County and the state of Idaho


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subdivision_type = Country
subdivision_name = United States
subdivision_type1 = State
subdivision_name1 = Idaho
subdivision_type2 = County
subdivision_name2 = Blaine
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area_total_km2 = 25.6
area_land_km2 = 25.6
area_water_km2 = 0.0
area_total_sq_mi = 9.9
area_land_sq_mi = 9.9
area_water_sq_mi = 0.0
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population_as_of = 2000
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population_total = 1427
population_density_km2 = 55.8
population_density_sq_mi = 144.6
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timezone = Mountain (MST)
utc_offset = -7
timezone_DST = MDT
utc_offset_DST = -6
latd = 43
latm = 40
lats = 50
latNS = N
longd = 114
longm = 20
longs = 34
longEW = W
elevation_footnotes =
elevation_m = 1812
elevation_ft = 5945
postal_code_type = ZIP codes
postal_code = 83353-83354
area_code = 208
blank_name = FIPS code
blank_info = 16-78850
blank1_name = GNIS feature ID
blank1_info = 0398200
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footnotes = Sun Valley is an affluent resort community in central Idaho, adjacent to the city of Ketchum in Blaine County. Tourists from around the world enjoy its skiing, hiking, ice skating, trail riding, tennis, and more. The population was 1,427 at the 2000 census. Few of its residents stay year-round, most come from major cities like Seattle, Los Angeles, San Francisco, and more distantly Chicago and New York. The elevation of Sun Valley (at the Lodge) is 5920 feet (1804 m) above sea level. The area is served by Friedman Memorial Airport in Hailey.

Among skiers, the term "Sun Valley" refers to the alpine ski area, which consists of Bald Mountain, the main ski mountain, and Dollar Mountain, which is geared toward novice and lower intermediate skiers. Bald Mountain, or "Baldy," has a summit of 9150 feet (2789 m) and a vertical drop of 3400 feet (1036 m). With its abundance of constant-pitch terrain, at varying degrees of difficulty, coupled with its substantial vertical drop and absence of wind, Baldy has often been referred to as the best single ski mountain in the world. The treeless "Dollar" at 6638 feet (2023 m) has a moderate vertical drop of 628 feet (191 m).

The term "Sun Valley" is used more generally to speak of the region surrounding the city, including the neighboring city of Ketchum and the valley area winding south to Hailey. The region has been home to the rich, famous, and powerful, including Mats Wilander, Walter Annenberg, Adam West, Ernest Hemingway, Teresa Heinz Kerry, Tom Hanks, Steve Miller, Demi Moore, Brent Hope, Peter Cetera, Clint Eastwood, Bruce Willis, Ashton Kutcher, Steve Wynn, Mohamed al-Fayed, John Lewis, John Kerry, Tony Robbins and Arnold Schwarzenegger.

History

Union Pacific Railroad (1936-64)

The first destination winter resort in the U.S. was developed by W. Averell Harriman, the chairman of the Union Pacific Railroad, primarily to increase ridership on passenger trains. The success of the 1932 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, New York, spurred an increase in participation in winter sports (and alpine skiing in particular). A lifelong skier, Harriman determined that America would embrace a destination mountain resort, similar to those in the European Alps, such as St. Moritz. During the winter of 1935-36, Harriman enlisted the services of an Austrian count, Felix Schaffgotsch, to travel across the western U.S. to locate an ideal site for a winter resort. The Count toured Mount Rainier, Mount Hood, Yosemite, the San Bernardino Mountains, Zion National Park, Rocky Mountain National Park, the Wasatch Mountains, Pocatello, Jackson Hole, and Grand Targhee areas. Late in his trip and on the verge of abandoning his search, he was steered to the Ketchum area in central Idaho. A U.P. employee had mentioned that the rail line to Ketchum had cost the company more money for snow removal than any other branch line.

Schaffgotsch was impressed by the combination of [http://sunvalleypedia.com/index.php/Bald_Mountain Bald Mountain] and its surrounding mountains, adequate snowfall, abundant sunshine, moderate elevation, and absence of wind, and selected it as the site. Harriman visited several weeks later and agreed. The convert|3888|acre|km2|sing=on Brass Ranch was purchased for about $4 per acre and construction commenced that spring; it was built in seven months for $1.5 million.

Pioneering publicist Steve Hannigan, who had successfully promoted Miami Beach, was hired and named the resort "Sun Valley." (Count Schaffgotsch returned to Austria and was killed on the Eastern Front during World War II.)

The centerpiece of the new resort was the Sun Valley Lodge, which opened in December 1936. The 220-room, X-shaped lodge's exterior was constructed of concrete, poured inside rough-sawn forms. The wood grain was impressed on the concrete finish, which was acid-stained brown to imitate wood. The Swiss-style Challenger Inn (now Sun Valley Inn) and village were also part of the initial resort, opening in 1937. Hannigan wanted swimming pools at the resort, "so people won't think skiing is too cold." Both the Lodge and the Inn had heated outdoor swimming pools, circular in shape. Hannigan had the pools designed this way, unique at the time, in the hope they would be widely photographed, providing free publicity. It worked.

Chairlifts

The world's first chairlifts were installed on the resort's Proctor and Dollar Mountains in the fall of 1936. (Proctor Mountain is northeast of Dollar Mountain). The chairlift design was adapted from banana loading equipment used on fruit ships in the tropics. The single-seat chairlifts were developed at the Union Pacific headquarters in Omaha in the summer of 1936. The chairlift went on to replace the primitive rope tow and other technologies used at ski areas at the time. [http://www.uprr.com/newsinfo/releases/heritage_and_steam/2006/0228_skilift.shtml]

Bald Mountain

While Bald Mountain was one of the reasons for the selection of the site, it was not initially part of the resort. The plan was to eventually develop it as a ski mountain, but sometime in the future. Alpine skiing was still in its infancy in America, and it was believed by management that there were not enough accomplished skiers to justify its development in 1936. But it was quickly realized by the resort's restless Austrian ski instructors that this fantastic mountain needed to be opened to the skiing public (and promoted) as soon as possible. The instructors had hiked up and skied down Baldy on their off days during the resort's first few seasons. These men were among the best skiers in the world, and had fled Austria just before it had come under control of the Nazis in 1938 (Anschluss).

For Sun Valley's fourth season, three chairlifts (in series) were installed on Bald Mountain during the summer of 1939, in the River Run area, the northeast face of the mountain overlooking Ketchum and Sun Valley. Ski runs had been cut out of the forest during the summers of 1938-39. Friedl Pfeiffer, the new head of the ski school from St. Anton, Austria, wanted the lifts to go to the very top of the mountain, something that had yet to be done anywhere, even in Europe.

The loading point of the lowest chairlift (River) was on the Ketchum side of the Big Wood River, at an elevation of 5750 feet (1752 m). The single chairs loaded near the parking lot, then horizontally crossed the river (about eight feet above the water) before ascending the mountain, gaining 600 vertical feet (183 m). The middle lift (Canyon) gained over 1300 vertical feet and unloaded at the Roundhouse (a day lodge at 7700' (2347 m), built in 1939). The upper lift (Ridge) also climbed over 1,300 vertical feet (396 m), unloading at just above 9000 feet (2743 m) AMSL. Its lift capacity was a mere 426 skiers per hour (7 per minute). The three chairlifts that are in approximately the same lines today (2006) are: River Run (quad), Exhibition (triple), and Christmas (quad). The original lower single chairlift was replaced in the 1960s and the loading base was moved across the river; a footbridge provides walking access from the parking lot to the River Run base area.

Celebrities

Ernest Hemingway completed "For Whom the Bell Tolls" (which many consider his greatest novel) while staying in suite 206 of the Lodge in the fall of 1939. Averell Harriman had invited Hemingway and other celebrities, primarily from Hollywood, to the resort to help promote it. Gary Cooper was a frequent visitor and hunting/fishing partner, as was Clark Gable. Hemingway was a part-time resident over the next twenty years, eventually relocating to Ketchum ("Papa" and his fourth wife are buried in the Ketchum Cemetery). The Hemingway Memorial, dedicated in 1966, is just off Trail Creek Road, about a mile northeast of the Sun Valley Lodge.

Sun Valley was featured (and promoted) in the 1941 movie "Sun Valley Serenade", starring Sonja Henie, John Payne, Milton Berle, and bandleader Glenn Miller. Scenes were shot at the resort in March 1941. Sun Valley transfer local and future gold medalist Gretchen Fraser was the skiing stand-in for Henie. The film is shown continuously on television in the resort's guest rooms.

World War II

During World War II, the resort was closed and converted to a convalescent hospital for the U.S. Navy (Pacific Theater). It re-opened to the public in December 1946.

After the war, the clinic for the resort operated on the third floor of the northern wing of the Lodge (wing closest to the Trail Creek Rd.) until the Sun Valley Community Hospital was built in 1961. That facility was named after Dr. John Moritz when he retired in 1973; the Nebraska-born surgeon had served as the resort's year-round physician for 33 years. The Moritz Hospital was closed shortly after the new St. Luke's branch hospital opened (south of Ketchum) in November 2000 and the Moritz building now serves as employee housing.

Warren Miller

Noted ski film producer Warren Miller, while in his early 20's, wintered in Sun Valley from 1946-49, first living in a car and small teardrop trailer in the River Run parking lot. Miller would later rent an unheated garage for five dollars per month and sublet floor space to friends to pitch their sleeping bags (at fifty cents per night). One of these friends was Edward Scott, the future inventor of the lightweight aluminum ski pole. This extra cash helped Miller purchase his first rolls of 16 mm movie film, jump-starting his motion picture career. During this time he evolved from ski bum, to ski instructor, to ski filmmaker.

Miller has since traveled and filmed all over the world, but until recent years he continued to return to Sun Valley virtually every year. He has featured Sun Valley in dozens of his annual films, which has helped publicize the Sun Valley region worldwide. In the 1950s and 1960s he was credited with drawing some of California's rich and famous to the area.Fact|date=February 2007His movies still play around the country today. His son is a major part in them today because of Millers age. It is widely surmised that Miller's work over the years has played a significant role in Sun Valley's economic boom.

Bill Janss (1964-77)

After World War II, Harriman focused on his career in government service and the Union Pacific gradually lost interest in the resort. Rail service was discontinued to Ketchum in 1964 and that November the resort was sold to the Janss Corporation, a major Southern California real estate developer headed by a former Olympic ski team member, Bill Janss, founder of Snowmass. (Janss was selected to the 1940 team, but the games were cancelled due to the war). Janss gained full control of Sun Valley in 1968. During this Janss era of ownership, the north-facing Warm Springs area was developed, as well as Seattle Ridge, and condominium and home construction increased significantly. Seven chairlifts were added, and the number of trails increased from 33 to 62. The original Seattle Ridge double chairlift was installed in 1976, but due to a very poor snow year in 1976-77 it was not operated until December 20, 1977, christened by local legend Gretchen Fraser. Janss also has a ski run named after him, called Janss Pass.

Earl Holding (1977-Present)

In 1977 Janss was running low on funds and had entered into negotiations to sell the resort to the Walt Disney Company. While the negotiations were strung out by Disney, Earl Holding, a Utah businessman, learned of the situation through a small article in The Wall Street Journal and contacted Janss and arranged for a meeting. For about $12 million, Holding purchased Sun Valley through his company, Sinclair Oil, which operates the Little America Hotels & Resorts. Holding was initially distrusted by many locals: "Earl is a Four Letter Word" was a popular bumper sticker in the late 1970s in Blaine County. But time proved that Holding did not buy the resort for property speculation; like his other assets he meant to operate and improve for the long-term.

Under Holding's ownership there have been substantial improvements on the mountain: extensive snowmaking and grooming, high-capacity chairlifts, and the construction of three impressive day lodges, and the renovation of the classic Roundhouse restaurant.

During the late 1980s, significant snowmaking was introducedon Bald Mountain. Three high-speed quad chairlifts were installed during the summer of 1988 (Christmas, Challenger & Greyhawk). An impressive day lodge, constructed of logs, river rock, and glass, opened at the base of Warm Springs in the fall of 1992, replacing the mid-1960s "Northface Hut" cafeteria. Similar day lodges were later opened at the Seattle Ridge summit (1993), and the River Run base (1995).

An older cafeteria, the modest one-floor "Lookout Restaurant," is convert|120|ft|m below the summit at 9030 ft (2752 m), at the top of three chairlifts. Built in 1973, it is the ground floor of a multi-story building that was never completed, resulting in its "basement-like" atmosphere. Nevertheless, the mountain views from this near-summit lodge are quite impressive.

Four additional high-speed quads were installed in the 1990s. Two of these replaced older chairlifts on River Run (1992) and Seattle Ridge (1993), and two cut brand new paths: Lookout Express (1993) and Frenchman's (1994). Baldy's 13 chairlifts have a capacity of over 23,000 skiers per hour. With an average of 3500 skiers per day (& less than 6000 skiers per day during peak periods), Sun Valley has kept the lift lines to a minimum, a rarity among major resorts.

The Dollar Mountain Lodge opened in November 2004. This day lodge replaces the Dollar Cabin, and also serves as the headquarters for the Sun Valley Ski School. It is similar in construction to the newer day lodges at the big mountain.

The interior of the original Sun Valley Lodge has been remodeled twice during Holding's ownership, in 1985 for the golden anniversary and again in 2004. The Sun Valley Inn has been remodeled and the golf course has been improved as well.

In 2006, Forbes magazine estimated that Sun Valley was worth in the range of $300 million.

ki Racing

In the years before the World Cup circuit, the Harriman Cup at Sun Valley was one of the major ski races held in North America, along with the "Snow Cup" at Alta, the "Roach Cup" at Aspen Mountain, and the "Silver Belt" races at Sugar Bowl, north of Lake Tahoe. Originally known as the "Sun Valley International Open," the Harriman Cup races were the first major international ski competitions held in North America, beginning in 1937. The first three competitions of 1937-39 were held in the Boulder Mountains north of Sun Valley. Beginning in 1940, the Harriman Cup was held on the Warm Springs side of Bald Mountain, decades before chairlifts were installed on that north face of the mountain. American Dick Durrance won three of the first four Harriman Cups, stunning the over-confident Europeans.

In March 1975 and 1977, Sun Valley hosted World Cup ski races, with slalom and giant slalom events for both genders, run on the Warm Springs side of the mountain.

The 1975 slalom was won by Gustavo Thoeni, the dominant World Cup skier of the early 1970s (which turned out to be his last win in the slalom discipline). A young Ingemar Stenmark of Sweden, perhaps the greatest technical ski racer ever, took the giant slalom title both years. Phil Mahre of White Pass, Washington, age 19, won the 1977 slalom race over Stenmark, with twin brother Steve placing third. It was Phil's second win (he had won a GS in France in December), but his first victory in the slalom and first in the U.S., and being from the Northwest, very close to home.

The present ownership has declined to host any World Cup races since, as it involves closing off runs for a significant time. But during the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake (300 miles to the southeast), Sun Valley was used as a training site for many nations' alpine and Nordic ski teams. The alpine speed events for the Olympics were held at a sister resort, Snowbasin, outside of Ogden, Utah.

Olympic medalists from Sun Valley include Gretchen Fraser, Christin Cooper, Picabo Street, and disabled skier Muffy Davis. Muffy Davis is also a Founding and Honorary Board Member of Sun Valley Adaptive Sports. All four have runs named after them on Bald Mountain.

2007 Castle Rock Fire

On August 16, 2007 the [http://sunvalleypedia.com/index.php/Castle_Rock_Fire Castle Rock Fire] began with a lightning strike Thursday afternoon where Castle Rock and Bar Gulch join, convert|12|mi|km west-southwest of Ketchum, Idaho. August 18 it jumped across Warm Springs Road and journeyed north into Rooks Creek and proceed to grow over convert|48000|acre|km2 and threatened Sun Valley [http://sunvalleypedia.com/index.php/Bald_Mountain Bald Mountain] . Numerous citizens documented the fire on a community [http://www.sunvalleyonline.com/information/photos_gallery.asp?ID_Cat=29 photo gallery] of the fire as well as on [http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=sun+valley+fire&search=Search YouTube] .

Culture

The Sun Valley Center for the Arts and Humanities is a non-profit arts organization founded in 1971 by Glenn and Bill Janss. The original five-acre campus was located off Dollar Road in Sun Valley. Studios and workshops were open to the public and focused on Ceramics, founded by James Romberg; Photography, founded by Sheri Heiser and Peter deLory; and Fine Arts, founded by David W. Wharton. The SVC offered year-round workshops, lectures, and exhibitions by nationally recognized artists and craft persons to both residents and tourists to Blaine County. The Sun Valley Art Center, as it is commonly known today, is located in nearby Ketchum, Idaho and continues to present an impressive list of venues in the visual and performing arts.

One City, Two Sections

A small mountain saddle splits the city of Sun Valley into two sections. The northern section is centered around the famous Sun Valley Lodge, Inn, and the "village" complex of shops, condominiums, and original 18-hole golf course (27 holes by 2008), which winds its way up the Trail Creek valley to the northeast. This area is referred to as simply "Sun Valley."

The southern area, called Elkhorn, has its own shopping/hotel/condo complex and 18-hole golf course (now private), and is in many ways quite distinct and separate (including a drier "sagebrush" appearance). This area, near Dollar Mountain, was initially developed during the late 1960s and 1970s.

Adjacent to Sun Valley is the older city of Ketchum, which is just a mile downstream of the Sun Valley Lodge (along Trail Creek). Ketchum is primarily comprised of the 19th century town center (with its limited grid system) and lands adjacent to Bald Mountain: along the Big Wood River and Warm Springs Creek.

On September 11, 2005, the Dalai Lama visited Wood River High School in Hailey, Idaho to give a [http://www.sunvalleyonline.com/news/article.asp?ID_Article=1139 speech] on understanding and friendship in remembrance of the September 11, 2001 Attacks and offered condolences to the many thousands affected by the recent Hurricane Katrina.

Geography

Sun Valley is located at coor dms|43|40|50|N|114|20|34|W|city (43.680491, -114.342711)GR|1.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 9.9 square miles (25.6 km²), of which 9.9 square miles (25.6 km²) of it is land and 0.10% is water.

Demographics

As of the censusGR|2 of 2000, there were 1427 people, 594 households, and 343 families residing in the city. The population density was 144.6 people per square mile (55.8/km²). There were 2339 housing units at an average density of 237.1/sq mi (91.5/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 92.43% White, 0.35% African American, 0.42% Native American, 0.77% Asian, 4.20% from other races, and 1.82% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7.15% of the population.

There were 594 households out of which 16.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.5% were married couples living together, 4.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 42.1% were non-families. 34.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.97 and the average family size was 2.50.

In the city the population was spread out with 11.9% under the age of 18, 12.2% from 18 to 24, 21.9% from 25 to 44, 36.7% from 45 to 64, and 17.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 48 years. For every 100 females there were 104.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 105.4 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $71,000, and the median income for a family was $85,000. Males had a median income of $31,979 versus $27,143 for females. The per capita income for the city was $50,563. About 2.7% of families and 14.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.7% of those under age 18 and 2.4% of those age 65 or over.

References

* "Idaho for the Curious", by Cort Conley, ©1982, ISBN 0-9603566-3-0, p.348-355
* "Ski & Snow Country, The Golden Years of Skiing in the West 1930s-1950s", photos by Ray Atkeson, text by Warren Miller, ©2000, ISBN 1-55868-538-3
* "Idaho", photos by John Marshall, text by Cort Conley, ©1985, ISBN 0-912856-93-9,
* [http://www.skinet.com/skinet/travel/article/0,26908,327178,00.html SKI Magazine] "Sun Valley Refrain," by Stu Campbell, October 2000, p.128-134
* SKI Magazine, "The Sun Rises Again," by Jamie Marshall, December 1996, p.108-112
* "The Idaho Statesman", 21-Dec-1977

External links

* [http://www.sunvalley.com www.sunvalley.com] Official site of Sun Valley resort & ski area
* [http://www.sunvalley.govoffice.com/ City of Sun Valley] - official site
* [http://www.ci.ketchum.id.us/ City of Ketchum] - official site
* [http://www.visitsunvalley.com/ Sun Valley/Ketchum Chamber & Visitors Bureau]
* [http://www.ksvhistoricalsociety.org/ Ketchum Sun Valley Historical Society Heritage & Ski Museum] - official site
* [http://www.sunvalleycenter.org/ Sun Valley Center] official site of art organization/gallery
* [http://www.sunvalleyonline.com SunValleyOnline] - news, blogs, ski/trails reports, webcams, entertainment, dining, shopping info
* [http://www.snowguide.org/ski_area/39/Sun_Valley.htm Sun Valley Info from SnowGuide.org]
* [http://skilifts.org/id-sunvalley.htm Ski Lifts.org] - photos of Bald Mountain's lifts
* [http://skilifts.org/id-dollarmountain.htm Ski Lifts.org] - photos of Dollar Mountain's lifts
* [http://skilifts.org/id-ruud.htm Ski Lifts.org] - photos of Ruud Mountain's lift
* [http://sunvalleypedia.com/index.php/Bald_Mountain Sun Valley's Bald Mountain] - Skiing, Snowboarding, Hiking and Biking trail maps, ski run tips, etc.
* [http://www.idahoskiresorts.com/overview.cfm/id22/SunValley Idaho Ski Resorts.com] - Sun Valley
* [http://www.idahowinter.org/alpine/ Idaho Winter.org] - official state tourism site
* [http://sunvalleypedia.com/index.php/Restaurants Sun Valley Dining Guide]
* [http://www.idahooutdoor.net Idaho Outdoor.net] - outdoor guide to Sun Valley area
* [http://www.idahooutdoor.net/history/ Idaho Outdoor.net] - a history of Sun Valley
* [http://www.idahosummits.com/proctor/proctor.htm Idaho Summits.com] - photo from Proctor Mtn.
* [http://www.uprr.com/newsinfo/releases/heritage_and_steam/2006/0228_skilift.shtml Union Pacific Railroad] - 70th anniversary of the chairlift - 2006
* [http://www.svguide.com/w04/w04_proctor.htm Proctor, Ruud, & Dollar Mountains] - history from Sun Valley Guide.com - Winter 2004
* [http://www.sunvalleytheater.org/ Sun Valley Performing Arts] Nexstage Theater, theater performances and education center in Ketchum serving Sun Valley
*imdb title|0034241|Sun Valley Serenade
* [http://www.sunvalleypedia.com SunValleyPedia] - community generated area guide with Trails Guide, Youth Activities/Camps, History, Geography, Demographics, Restaurant info, etc.
* [http://www.svguide.com/heming.htm Hemingway Haunts] - from Sun Valley Guide.com
* [http://www.usplanb.com/images/hemingway/hemmem2.jpgHemingway Memorial] - photo
* [http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=pif&GRid=1232&PIgrid=1232&PIcrid=640632& Hemingway grave site] - photos from Ketchum Cemetery
* [http://www.fis-ski.com/uk/604/1228.html?event_id=2861&cal_suchsector=AL 1977 World Cup race results: Sun Valley] - from FIS-Ski.com
* [http://www.fis-ski.com/uk/604/1228.html?event_id=2813&cal_suchsector=AL 1975 World Cup race results: Sun Valley] - from FIS-Ski.com
* [http://www.sunvalleycentral.com/ Sun Valley Central.com] - includes weekly newspaper: Idaho Mountain Express
* [http://www.wrjournal.com/ Wood River Journal] - newspaper from Hailey, Idaho
* [http://www.mtexpress.com/index2.php?issue_date=01-25-2006&ID=2005107587 Idaho Mtn Express] - 25 January 2006 - Valley pays tribute to Earl Holding
* [http://www.mtexpress.com/1998/04-29-98/moritz.htm Idaho Mtn Express] - Dr. John Moritz (1905-98), Sun Valley's MD (1940-73)
* [http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/Photo_Arch_Two&CISOPTR=624&REC=7 Univ. of Utah Library] - photo of Freidl Pfeifer, Claudette Colbert, late 1930s
* [http://www.chicagotribune.com/travel/chi-051030classics,1,1101391.story?coll=chi-900siteindex-fea The Chicago Tribune] - "Classics of the West," - 30 October 2005
* [http://sunvalleypedia.com/index.php/Trails Sun Valley area Trails Guide]