Konrad Dannenberg

Konrad Dannenberg
Born	August 5, 1912(1912-08-05) Weißenfels, Saxony-Anhalt
Died	February 16, 2009(2009-02-16) (aged 96)
Residence	Huntsville, Alabama
Alma mater	University of Hanover
Occupation	Rocket engineer and designer
Spouse	Ingeborg M. Kamke Jacquelyn E. Staiger
Children	1

Konrad Dannenberg (August 5, 1912 – February 16, 2009) was a German-American rocket pioneer and member of the German rocket team brought to the United States after World War II.

Early years

Dannenberg was born in Weißenfels, Saxony-Anhalt. At the age of two, he and his family moved to Hanover, where he spent his youth. He became interested in space technology while attending a lecture by Max Valier, a German pioneer in that field. He witnessed two tests with a rocket-driven railroad car in Burgwedel near Hanover and then joined Albert Püllenberg's group of amateur rocketeers. Dannenberg studied mechanical engineering at the University of Hanover with emphasis in diesel fuel injection, because he recognized that injectors would also be part of the process of moving propellants into a high-pressure rocket engine.^[1]

When World War II began, Dannenberg, a member of the Nazi party since 1932,^[2] was drafted into the German army in 1939, serving first with a horse-artillery unit acquired by the German Army in Czechoslovakia.^[3] He took part in the initial stages of the Battle of France.

Career

In Spring 1940, through the influence of Püllenberg, Dannenberg was discharged from the army and became a civilian employee at the German Army's Research and Development Center in Peenemünde.^[4] Under Walter Thiel's guidance, he became a rocket propulsion specialist. His main assignment was developing a rocket engine for the V-2 ballistic missile. He was at Peenemünde on 3 October 1942 to witness the launch of the first V-2 rocket (which means that he saw the first manmade object to reach outer space). Many improvements on which he worked could not be completed in time for production. After Thiel's death in an August 1943 bombing raid, a design freeze stopped all development efforts. Dannenberg then became Walter Riedel's deputy and headed the crash effort to finalize production drawings of the V-2, the world's first ballistic missile and used by the Nazis to bomb London.

After the end of World War II, Dannenberg was brought to the United States with 117 other German specialists under Operation Paperclip to Fort Bliss, Texas.^[5] Most members of the group performed calculations and designs of future advanced launch vehicles with longer ranges and greater payloads. About 30 members trained the U.S. Army and the support contractor General Electric to launch V-2s at the White Sands Proving Ground. Due to range limitations, all rockets were launched vertically, to limit their range. Robert H. Goddard's idea of upper atmosphere research could now be conducted on a large scale. When the Korean War started, the group were required to leave their quarters in an Annex to the Wm. Beaumont Hospital, and were eventually transferred to the Redstone Arsenal near Huntsville, Alabama, where development of the PGM-11 Redstone Missile was their first assignment.^[1] At that time rocket pioneer and former (non-active, honorary)^[6] SS officer^[7] Wernher von Braun decided not to start their own rocket engine development, but to purchase an engine from North American Aviation (NAA) that was being developed by Dannenberg's former boss, Riedel, who had previously left the team to join NAA. Due to these circumstances, Dannenberg became Liaison Engineer at NAA's Rocketdyne Division and procured rocket engines for the Redstone and the Jupiter IRBM for the U.S. Army. He also became responsible for production of the Redstone and Jupiter missile systems for the Army Ballistic Missile Agency at the Chrysler plant in Detroit, Michigan.

An aerial view of Peenemünde, Germany where Konrad Dannenberg assisted in designing and testing the first successful V2 rockets.

In 1960 Dannenberg joined NASA's newly-established Marshall Space Flight Center as Deputy Manager of the Saturn program.^[1] He received the NASA Exceptional Service Medal in 1973 for successfully initiating development of the largest rocket ever built, the Saturn V, which took the first human beings to the moon.^[1]

When Arthur Rudolph came back from the army's development of the Pershing missile system, Braun assigned the management of the Saturn system to him. Dannenberg then started to work on Saturn-based space stations, which were eventually replaced by the Space Shuttle-based ISS.^[4]

Post-retirement

Dannenberg retired from the Marshall Space Flight Center in 1973 and became an Associate Professor of Aerospace Engineering at the University of Tennessee Space Institute (UTSI) in Tullahoma, Tennessee.

Dannenberg was a Fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics and past president of the Alabama/Mississippi Chapter of this organization. In 1990 he received the prestigious DURAND Lectureship and in 1995 the Hermann Oberth Award. He was a member of the NASA/MSFC Retirees Association, an honorary member of the Hermann Oberth Society of Germany and a charter member of the L5 Society, which is now the National Space Society (NSS). In 1992, the Alabama Space and Rocket Center established "The Konrad Dannenberg Scholarship" in his honor, which grants the winning youngster free admittance to a Space Academy session. He attended many meetings of the International Astronautical Federation and presented a number of historical papers in their sessions.

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  One of 18 units that was part of a rocket engine combustion chamber that Dannenberg helped to design.

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  In the Leineschloss Museum in Hannover, Germany, Dannenberg stands next to a Püllenberg R-7 rocket that he helped design.

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  Dannenberg talks with Scaled Composite's founder, Burt Rutan.

Personal life

With his wife Ingeborg M. Kamke (now deceased), Dannenberg had a son, Klaus Dieter, who has two married children. From them Dannenberg had four great grandchildren. He had remarried to Jacquelyn E. Staiger of Boston, Massachusetts. Dannenberg died in Huntsville on the morning of Monday, February 16, 2009, at the age of 96.^[5]

References

1. ^ ^{a b c d} Dale, Daniel (February 21, 2009). "Konrad Dannenberg, 96: Rocket scientist behind the moon landing". Toronto Star. http://www.thestar.com/News/Insight/article/590961. 
2. ^ Miller, Stephen (February 21, 2009). "His Rockets Flew in War and to Moon". The Wall Street Journal. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB123518296137338721.html?mod=article-outset-box. 
3. ^ Aviation Week & Space Technology, 23 February 2009, "Obituaries", p. 20
4. ^ ^{a b} Pearce, Jeremy (February 23, 2009). "Konrad Dannenberg, 96, Top Rocket Scientist, Dies". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/23/us/23dannenberg.html. 
5. ^ ^{a b} Cumbow, Victoria (February 16, 2009). "Konrad Dannenberg, space pioneer, dies at 96". The Huntsville Times. http://blog.al.com/breaking/2009/02/konrad_dannenberg_space_pionee.html. 
6. ^ WvB FBI file
7. ^ Radford, Tim (July 2, 2009). "The First Man On The Moon". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2009/jul/02/apollo-11-man-on-moon. 

External links

• "Reach for the Stars". TIME Magazine. February 17, 1958. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,862899-4,00.html. 
• Dunn, Marcia (July 19, 1999). "Old and overlooked, but still passionate about space". The Topeka Capital-Journal. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4179/is_19990719/ai_n11726157. 
• Bryan, Dave (August 13, 2002). "Remembering Wernher von Braun's German Rocket Team". Space.com. http://www.space.com/news/spacehistory/vonbraun_020813.html. 
• Rincon, Paul (September 7, 2004). "V-2: Hitler's last weapon of terror". BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/3634212.stm.  (includes Dannenberg interview)
• Marconi, Elaine M. (December 19, 2006). "Legendary Rocket Pioneer Visits Kennedy". NASA's John F. Kennedy Space Center. http://www.nasa.gov/centers/kennedy/news/rocket_history.html. 
• Wade, Mark. "Biography of Albert Püllenberg". Encyclopedia Astronautica. http://www.astronautix.com/astros/puenberg.htm. 
• Wade, Mark. "Biography of Konrad Dannenberg". Encyclopedia Astronautica. http://www.astronautix.com/astros/dannberg.htm. 
• "Dannenberg, Konrad D., November 7, 1989; Peenemünde Interviews Project". National Air and Space Museum, Archives Division. http://www.nasm.si.edu/research/arch/findaids/peene_int/PIP_print.html. Retrieved August 31, 2010. 

Persondata
Name	Dannenberg, Konrad
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	August 5, 1912
Place of birth	Weißenfels, Saxony-Anhalt
Date of death	February 16, 2009
Place of death