Gimbels

Infobox Defunct Company
company_name = Gimbels
company_
fate = Liquidation
successor = None
foundation = 1887
defunct = 1987
location = New York, New York, USA
industry = Retail
key_people = Adam L. Gimbel, Benard Gimbel
products = Clothing, footwear, bedding, furniture, jewelry, beauty products and housewares
num_employees =
parent = Formerly Gimbels Brothers Inc.
subsid = Formerly Saks

Gimbel Brothers (Gimbels) was an iconic major American department store corporation from 1887 through the late 20th century. The name is often misspelled with an apostrophe. [Regarding no apostrophe in the store's name:
*Period newspaper ads:
http://www.geocities.com/broadcastpioneers/gimbels45.html
http://www.gasolinealleyantiques.com/celebrity/images/Cowboy/lr-gimbels1.jpg
*Photos of the store's sign:
http://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/19/nyregion/thecity/19gimb.html
http://www.newsday.com/media/photo/2003-02/6492330.jpg
* [http://www.regrettheerror.com/2006/11/better_late_tha.html "New York Times" correction]
* [http://www.gasolinealleyantiques.com/celebrity/images/Cowboy/lr-gimbels2.jpgGimbels Flyer toy train]
* [http://www.foxvalleyhistory.org/turningpoints/businesses/business-gimbels1.html Headline and story from the "Appleton (Wisconsin) Post-Crescent", November 18, 1968] ]

History

Beginnings

The company, founded by a young German-American (Bavarian) immigrant, Adam Gimbel, began as a general store in Vincennes, Indiana. After a brief stay in Danville, Illinois, Gimbel relocated in 1887 to the then boom-town of Milwaukee, Wisconsin. While the new store was an immense success, quickly becoming the leading department store in Milwaukee, Adam Gimbel, with seven sons (and another adopted), saw that one store, no matter how successful, would not accommodate his family's future.

With, as a joke of the time put it, "a surplus of capital and a surplus of Gimbels," in 1894 he acquired the Granville Haines store in Philadelphia, and in 1910 opened another branch in New York City. With its arrival in New York, Gimbels prospered, and soon became the primary rival to the leading Herald Square retailer, Macy's. This rivalry entered into the popular argot: "Would Macy's tell Gimbels?" To distinguish itself from its Herald Square neighbors, Gimbels advertising promised more: "Select, don't settle."

Going public

This was so successful that in 1922 the chain went "public," offering shares on the New York Stock Exchange (though the family retained control.) This provided the capital for expansion, starting with the 1923 purchase of across-the-street rival, Saks & Co., which operated under the name "Saks Thirty-Fourth Street"; with ownership of Saks came a new, about-to-open uptown branch, Saks Fifth Avenue. In 1925 Gimbel's entered the Pittsburgh market with its purchase of Kaufmann & Baer's. Also acquired in this transaction was Gimbels third radio outlet: WCAE. The company already owned WGBS in New York and WIP in Philadelphia. Although this expansion spurred talk of the stores becoming a nation-wide chain, such hopes were ended by the Great Depression. The more-upscale (and enormously profitable) Saks Fifth Avenue stores did continue to expand in the 1930s, opening branches in Chicago, Boston and San Francisco.

Publicity

Despite its limited presence, Gimbels was well known nation-wide, in part due to the carefully-cultivated rivalry with Macy's, but also thanks to an endless stream of publicity. The New York store got considerable attention as the site of the 1939-40 sale of art and antiquities from the William Randolph Hearst collection. Gimbels also got an abundance of publicity from the 1947 film "Miracle on 34th Street". (An homage to the film was paid in the 2003 comedy film "Elf" which offered "Gimbels" as the fictional setting of the title-character's workplace.)

Flagship store

Gimbels New York flagship was located in the cluster of large department stores that surrounded Herald Square. Designed by architect Daniel Burnham, the structure, which once offered 27 acres of selling space, has since been modernized and entirely revamped, and now houses the Manhattan Mall. When this building opened in 1910, a major selling point was its many doors leading to the Herald Square subway station; thanks to such easy access, by the time Gimbel's closed in 1986 this store had the highest rate of "shrinkage," or shoplifting losses, in the world. Doors also opened upon a pedestrian passage under 33rd Street, connecting Penn Station to those subway stations. This "Gimbels Corridor" was closed in the 1970s for reasons of liability. After conversion to the Manhattan Mall, parts of the former store were occupied by a mid-town branch of Brooklyn's Abraham & Straus and still later by Stern's. The building that housed a Gimbel's branch at 86th Street and Lexington Avenue remains, but has been converted to luxury apartments

Parade

Interestingly enough, despite being the first to introduce so many now standard products and practices, Macy’s was not the first department store to host a Thanksgiving Day Parade. In fact, the idea of a department-store parade originated in 1920 with Gimbels Department Store in Philadelphia.

Gimbels was the first department store in the country to host a parade starting in 1920 contrary to popular belief Macy's did not start a parade until 1924. When Gimbels closed down in 1986, Reading, Pennsylvania based department store Boscov's took over. The parade is now known as 6abc Boscov's Thanksgiving Day Parade

Relationship to Saks

Saks was founded by Horace Saks and Bernard Gimbel, a family member and part owner of Gimbels Department Store. For years, Saks was a subsidiary of Gimbels, and was owned by the corporation Gimbel Brothers. Andrew Gimbel, the founder of Gimbels, turned Saks into a national brand. Once BATUS Inc. acquired Gimbel Bros in 1973 from the Gimbel family, it also owned Saks Fifth Avenue as a subsidiary. When Gimbels closed in 1987, Saks was on its own. In 1990, BATUS sold Saks to Investcorp S.A..

Acquisition by BATUS

Gimbels was acquired in the 1970s by BATUS Retail Group, the American retailing arm of British-American Tobacco, which eventually owned Marshall Field's, Frederick & Nelson, The Crescent stores, and Kohl's.

BATUS organized the Gimbels chain into four autonomous divisions: Gimbels New York, Gimbels Philadelphia, Gimbels Pittsburgh, and Gimbels Milwaukee. Each division operated independently of each other in advertising and buying. Each division offered their own credit card which could only be used at Gimbels stores in the same division. In the early 1980s, Gimbels New York and Gimbels Philadelphia were combined into a single entity, Gimbels East.

Closure of Gimbels

Unable to create a strong identity for this collection, BATUS in 1986 sold the Kohl's stores and, unable to find a buyer, closed down the unprofitable Gimbel chain. Some of the more attractive branches were taken over by Stern's, Pomeroy's (Allied Stores), Kaufmann's (May Department Stores, ironically now part of the corporate family of rival Macy's), or Boston Store (P.A. Bergner & Co.) The "cornerstone" of the chain, the downtown Milwaukee store where Adam Gimbel had first found success (and alleged to be the most profitable Gimbel store), was handed to former BATUS sister-division Marshall Field's. After a few uncomfortable years trying to be a mass-market retailer, Fields gave up in 1997, closing the Milwaukee store and selling off the remaining Gimbels branches it held, except for the Hilldale store in Madison, Wisconsin, which became Macy's in September 2006.

Gimbels trademark

The "Gimbels" trademark was eventually owned by siblings Mark and Beth Gimbel, who are not directly related to the originating family; Mark Gimbel is owner of the Smiling Cow and Gimbel's Country Store in Boothbay Harbor, Maine. They acquired the trademark in 1999 after Gimbels department stores went out of business and the trademark was abandoned. [Clark, Sara. [http://boothbayregister.maine.com/2003-12-04/gimbels_of_maine.html "Gimbel's of Maine Goes Hollywood"] , "Boothbay Register", December 4, 2003. Note: This small-town newspaper uses both correct and incorrect spellings of "Gimbels" in reference to the original department store.]

Former Gimbels locations

hidden begin
title = Former locations
titlestyle = background:#CCCCFF; text-align:left;
bodystyle = text-align:left;
Gimbels New York
;Connecticut
*Bridgeport - Lafayette Plaza
*Stamford - Ridgeway Center (Summer Street)-Demolished

;New Jersey
*Paramus - Garden State Plaza ("later Hahne's, now Nordstrom")

;New York
*Bay Shore (corner of Main Street and Saxon Avenue)
*Commack - Mayfair Shopping Center ("later Mid-Island, later Burlington Coat Factory, now MJM Designer Shoes")
*Garden City - Roosevelt Field Mall ("later Stern's, now Dick's Sporting Goods and Bloomingdale's Furniture Store")
*Manhattan
**Herald Square flagship ("became Manhattan Mall with an Abraham & Straus, later Stern's, and soon to add a JC Penney store. Now Steve & Barry's and office space.")
**Lexington Avenue and East 86th Street
*Massapequa - Bar Harbor Shopping Center ("demolished")
*Valley Stream - Green Acres Mall ("later Abraham & Straus, now Macy's")
*Yonkers - Cross County Shopping Center ("later Stern's, now Macy's")

Gimbels Philadelphia
;New Jersey
*Moorestown - Moorestown Mall ("later Stern's, then Ports Of The World, now Boscov's)
*Voorhees - Echelon Mall ("originally Lit Brothers, then Gimbels; later Stern's, now Boscov's")

;Pennsylvania
*Harrisburg - Harrisburg East Mall (now Harrisburg Mall) ("later Hess's, then Hecht's, now Macy's")
*King of Prussia - Plaza at King of Prussia ("later Stern's, now JCPenney")
*Lancaster - Park City Center ("later Pomeroy's, now Boscov's")
*Langhorne - Oxford Valley Mall ("later Stern's, now Sears")
*Media - Granite Run Mall ("later Stern's, now Boscov's")
*Philadelphia
**Bustelton and Cottman ("later Stern's, now Sears)
**Cheltenham Shopping Center (now The Gallery at Cheltenham Square) ("now Burlington Coat Factory and ShopRite")
**9th St. @ Market St. (flagship; now a parking lot awaiting future development)
**The Gallery at Market East (flagship) ("replaced 9th @ Market flagship; later Stern's, then Clover, now Kmart")
*69th Street, Upper Darby, Pennsylvania

Gimbels Pittsburgh
;Pennsylvania
*East McKeesport - Eastland Mall ("mall torn down")
*Monaca - Beaver Valley Mall ("later Kaufmann's, now Macy's")
*Monroeville - Monroeville Mall ("later Kaufmann's, now Boscov's"}
*Pittsburgh - Smithfield Street @ Sixth Avenue (flagship) (" now Office Depot, Rite Aid, Burlington Coat Factory and other stores")
*Ross Township
**North Hills Village ("later Hills, then Ames, now Burlington Coat Factory")
**Ross Park Mall ("later Joseph Horne, then Lazarus, then Macy's; closed 2006, was torn down for a future Nordstrom")
*Upper St. Clair - South Hills Village ("later Kaufmann's, now Boscov's")
*West Mifflin - Century III Mall ("an Ohio retailer leased this location and attempted to operate it under the Gimbels name without legally obtaining that trademark. The mall owners filed a lawsuit stating the retailer was operating the location as a close-out store and not a department store, in violation of the lease agreement. Was later split between TJ Maxx and Wickes Furniture; now Dick's Sporting Goods and Steve & Barry's, respectively")

Gimbels Milwaukee
;Wisconsin
*Appleton ("opened 1971, converted to Marshall Field's in 1986, closed 1991")
*Cudahy - Packard Plaza ("closed 1986, now smaller stores")
*Greendale - Southridge Mall ("converted to Marshall Field's in 1986, became Prange's in 1989, then Younkers in 1992. Younkers closed 2000 and is now Linens 'n Things and Steve & Barry's")
*Madison
**East Towne Mall ("later Bergner's; torn down for mall redevelopment")
**Hilldale Shopping Center ("opened 1962, converted to Marshall Field's 1986, converted to Macy's 2006)
*Milwaukee
**Capitol Court ("opened as Schuster's 1956, later Gimbels, then Target; mall torn down")
**Mitchell Street ("opened as Schuster's 1914, closed 1984, now smaller stores")
**Northridge Mall ("converted to Marshall Field's in 1986, became Prange's in 1989, then Younkers in 1992. Closed 2000, now vacant; rest of mall being torn down")
**Shops of Grand Avenue ("converted to Marshall Field's 1986, closed 1997; now offices, apartments, and Borders")
**Third Street (King Drive) ("opened as Schuster's 1884, closed 1967")
**12th & Vliet ("opened as Schuster's flagship, closed 1950s")
**Southgate Mall ("became Boston Store in 1986, closed 1993")
*Wauwatosa - Mayfair Mall ("became Boston Store in 1986")Was divested by Gimbel's when BATUS purchased Marshall Field's (which had the other anchor at Mayfair Mall)

ee also

*Saks Fifth Avenue
*Macy's

References

Notes

Bibliography

* Harris, Leon. "Merchant Princes". New York: Harper & Row, 1979.
* Mahoney, Tom, and Leonard Sloane. "The Great Merchants: America's Foremost Retail Institutions and the People Who Made Them Great". New York: Harper & Row, 1974.
*Ferry, John William. "A History of the Department Store". New York: The MacMillian Company, 1960.

External links

* [http://www.timefreezephotos.com/pictures/gimbels.jpgImage of the flagship store at Christmas]
* [http://northbysouth.kenyon.edu/2000/Beauty/Sub%20Folders/General/Gimbels.jpgImage of the original Pittsburgh store]
* [http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5883/1181/1600/Gimbels---Yonkers-NY-1950s.jpgImage of a Gimbels store from the early 1960's]
* [http://www.npl.org/Media/Shop08/gimbels.jpgImage of a Gimbels shopping bag]