Meesia uliginosa

Broadnerved Humpmoss
Conservation status
Apparently Secure (NatureServe)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Division:	Bryophyta
Class:	Bryopsida
Subclass:	Bryidae
Order:	Splachnales
Family:	Meesiaceae
Genus:	Meesia
Species:	M. uliginosa
Binomial name
Meesia uliginosaa Hedw.

Broadnerved humpmoss (Meesia uliginosa), is a rare moss of the Western U.S. It occurs all around the northern hemisphere in higher latitudes, and in some places is not as rare as in the Western U.S.

Technical description

Plant autoicous, but many plants with only antheridia or archegonia; plants often fertile. Stems 1–4 cm long, often branched, sans hyaloderm. Basal cells of persistent axillary hairs numerous, strongly reddened. Leaves erect, linear to ligulate-lingulate, never squarrose-recurved, somewhat contorted when dry, smaller at base of stem than larger above, ¾–4½ mm long; margins entire, revolute (i.e., strongly recurved); costa strong, broad (⅓ to ⅔ width of leaf base), ends near leaf apex; apex blunt, obtuse to rounded. Seta very long (1½–10 cm). Capsule pyriform, asymmetrical, curved, up to 4 mm long including neck; neck long, often wrinkled when dry; endostome of 16 segments open on the keel, sometimes with evidence of cilia; outer peristome shorter than the inner. Spores finely papillose.^{[1][2][3][4][5]}

Distribution, habitat, and ecology

This species has a bipolar distribution, meaning that it exists in both hemispheres. In the Northern hemisphere, it is circumboreal, being found in Greenland, Canada, the northern U.S., the Baltic, Russia, and Mongolia. It is also known from South America and nearby places in Antarctica.^[4][6]

This moss lives in fens, peaty soil banks, seeps, meadows, and rock fissures upon exposed, damp organic soil within upper montane to subalpine coniferous forest. More specifically, it prefers to live upon calcareous substrates, usually in alpine or arctic regions, but occurring also in rich fens at lower elevations. Its elevational range is from 3,950 ft. to 8,550 ft.^[4][7]

The fire ecology of this plant is not known; however, fens rarely burn. Excess soot from a nearby fire, however, might negatively affect habitat quality. Fire return intervals in conifer bogs, a somewhat similar mire-type habitat, are estimated to be about once every 150-200 years. Fire does significant damage to peat, but the bog must be dry (as during a drought year) in order to burn; typically, bogs are not dry enough.^[8]

Conservation status and threats

U.S. Forest Service Pacific Southwest Region Sensitive Species.

California Native Plant Society List 2.2

NatureServe California State Rank: S2.2; Global Rank: G4

Fens are delicate habitats susceptible to impacts from livestock grazing, hydrologic alteration, construction and continued use of roads, and peat mining.^[9] Rich fen habitats are especially susceptible to modification. The surface water chemistry of rich fens is sensitive to climatic and anthropogenic influences.^[10]

Field identification

Meesia uliginosa may be distinguished from M. triquetra by its lack of tristichous growth habit, relatively wide costa, entire and revolute leaf margins, blunt leaf apex, and autoicous sexual condition.^{[2][5][7][10]}.

References

1. ^ Hedwig, Johannis (1801). Species Muscorum Frondosorum. Paris. pp. 173. 
2. ^ ^{a b} Lawton, Elva (1958). "Mosses of Nevada". The Bryologist 61 (4): 324. 
3. ^ Lawton, Elva (1965). "Keys for the Identification of the Mosses of Washington and Oregon". The Bryologist 68 (2): 150. 
4. ^ ^{a b c} Lawton, Elva (1971). "Moss Flora of the Pacific Northwest". Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory. Supplement No. 1: 203–204. 
5. ^ ^{a b} Norris, Daniel H.; James R. Shevock (2004). "Contributions toward a Bryoflora of California: II. A Key to the Mosses". Madroño 51 (2): 198. 
6. ^ Ochyra, Ryszard; Halina Bednarek-Ochyra & Roland I. Lewis-Smith (2002). "New and Rare Moss Species from Subantarctic South Georgia". Nova Hedwigia 74 (Feb.): 134. doi:10.1127/0029-5035/2002/0074-0121. 
7. ^ ^{a b} Vitt, Dale H.; Janet E. March & Robin B. Bovey (1988). Mosses, Lichens, and Ferns of Northwest North America. Lone Pine Publishing. pp. 82. 
8. ^ Sullivan, Janet (1994). "Conifer bog". Fire Effects Information System. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory. http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/. Retrieved 2007-04-27. 
9. ^ Christy, John A.; David H. Wagner (1996). "VII". Guide for the Identification of Rare, Threatened, or Sensitive Bryophytes in the Range of the Northern Spotted Owl, Western Washington, Western Oregon, and Northwestern California: A Cooperative Project of the Eugene District, USDI Bureau of Land Management; Siuslaw National Forest, USDA Forest Service; The Nature Conservancy; and the Northwest Botanical Institute.. pp. 34. 
10. ^ ^{a b} Montagnes, R. Joan S. (1990). "The Habitat and Distribution of Meesia triquetra in North America and Greenland". The Bryologist (American Bryological and Lichenological Society) 93 (3): 349–352. doi:10.2307/3243526. JSTOR 3243526. 

External links

• California Native Plant Society Rare Plant Inventory Article for Meesia uliginosa
• NatureServe Web Page