African Dusky Flycatcher

African Dusky Flycatcher
Conservation status
Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Passeriformes
Family:	Muscicapidae
Genus:	Muscicapa
Species:	M. adusta
Binomial name
Muscicapa adusta (Boie, 1828)

Photographed at Ruhija Bwindi NP, Uganda

The African Dusky Flycatcher or Dusky Alseonax, Muscicapa adusta, is a small passerine bird of the Old World flycatcher family, Muscicapidae. It is a resident breeder in Africa from Nigeria, the Central African Republic, Sudan and Ethiopia south to South Africa. It is very common in its woodland habitat, which includes riverine forests, evergreen forest edges and clearings, especially near water bodies such as lakes, dams and streams, and well-wooded suburban gardens.

Description

The African Dusky Flycatcher is 13 cm long and weighs around 11 gm. Its upperparts are plain brown, with the only facial marking being an indistinct narrow eye-ring. The chin is plain pale grey, and the rest of the underparts are grey-brown with indistinct streaks. The short, straight, laterally flattened bill is black, the legs and feet are grey, and the eyes are brown. The sexes are similar, but the juvenile is spotted with buff above, and is whitish spotted with brown below.

This species is similar to the common migrant, the Spotted Flycatcher, Muscicapa striata, but is smaller and darker, especially on the underparts, than that species. Spotted Flycatcher also has a streaked forehead, a feature not shown by the African Dusky Flycatcher.

The African Dusky Flycatcher has soft, high-pitched "tzeeet" and tsirit calls.

Behaviour

The African Dusky Flycatcher builds a cup-shaped nest in a tree cavity a few metres above the ground, and lays two or three green eggs. The hole in the tree is normally reused in the next breeding season. This species is monogamous, mating for life.

The African Dusky Flycatcher is usually seen singly or in pairs. It forages from an open perch for insects typically taking its prey in a short flight.

Conservation status

This common species has a large range, with an estimated extent of 2,300,000 km². The population size is believed to be large, and the species is not believed to approach the thresholds for the population decline criterion of the IUCN Red List (i.e. declining more than 30% in ten years or three generations). For these reasons, the species is evaluated as Least Concern.

References

• Ian Sinclair, Phil Hockey and Warwick Tarboton, SASOL Birds of Southern Africa (Struik 2002) ISBN 1-86872-721-1
• Birds of Southern Africa
• Kenya birds