List of birds of Grenada

This is a list of the bird species recorded in Grenada. The avifauna of Grenada includes a total of 168 species, of which 3 are endemic, 1 have been introduced by humans, and 97 are rare or accidental. 1 species listed is extirpated in Grenada and is not included in the species count. 3 species are globally threatened.

This list's taxonomic treatment (designation and sequence of orders, families, and species) and nomenclature (common and scientific names) follow the conventions of Clements's 5th edition. The family accounts at the beginning of each heading reflects this taxonomy, as do the species counts found in each family account. Introduced and accidental species are included in the total counts for Grenada.

The following tags have been used to highlight certain relevant categories. It must be noted that not all species fall into one of these categories. Those that do not are commonly occurring, native species.

* (A) Accidental A species that rarely or accidentally occurs in Grenada.
* (E) Endemic A species endemic to Grenada.
* (I) Introduced A species introduced to Grenada as a consequence, direct or indirect, of human actions.
* (Ex) Extirpated A species that no longer occurs in Grenada although populations exist elsewhere.

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Grebes

Order: PodicipediformesFamily: Podicipedidae

Grebes are small to medium-large sized freshwater diving birds. They have lobed toes, and are excellent swimmers and divers. However, they have their feet placed far back on the body, making them quite ungainly on land. There are 20 species worldwide and 1 species which occur in Grenada.

*Pied-billed Grebe "Podilymbus podiceps" (A)

hearwaters and Petrels

Order: ProcellariiformesFamily: Procellariidae

The procellariids are the main group of medium-sized 'true petrels', characterised by united nostrils with a medium septum, and a long outer functional primary. There are 75 species worldwide and 1 species which occur in Grenada.

*Audubon's Shearwater "Puffinus lherminieri" (A)

torm-Petrels

Order: ProcellariiformesFamily: Hydrobatidae

The storm-petrels are relatives of the petrels, and are the smallest of sea-birds. They feed on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. The flight is fluttering and sometimes bat-like. There are 21 species worldwide and 1 species which occur in Grenada.

*Wilson's Storm-Petrel "Oceanites oceanicus" (A)

Tropicbirds

Order: PelecaniformesFamily: Phaethontidae

Tropicbirds are slender white birds of tropical oceans, with exceptionally long central tail feathers. Their heads and long wings have black markings. There are 3 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in Grenada.

*Red-billed Tropicbird "Phaethon aethereus" (A)
*White-tailed Tropicbird "Phaethon lepturus" (A)

Pelicans

Order: PelecaniformesFamily: Pelecanidae

Pelicans are large water birds with a distinctive pouch under the beak. As with other members of the order Pelecaniformes, they have webbed feet with four toes. There are 8 species worldwide and 1 species which occur in Grenada.

*Brown Pelican "Pelecanus occidentalis" (A)

Boobies and Gannets

Order: PelecaniformesFamily: Sulidae

The sulids comprise the gannets and boobies. Both groups comprise medium-to-large coastal sea-birds that plunge-dive for fish. There are 9 species worldwide and 3 species which occur in Grenada.

*Masked Booby "Sula dactylatra" (A)
*Red-footed Booby "Sula sula" (A)
*Brown Booby "Sula leucogaster"

Darters

Order: PelecaniformesFamily: Anhingidae

Darters are frequently referred to as "snake-birds" because of their long thin neck, which gives a snake-like appearance when they swim with their bodies submerged.The males have black and dark brown plumage, an erectile crest on the nape and a larger bill than the female. The females have a much paler plumage especially on the neck and underparts. The darters have completely webbed feet, and their legs are short and set far back on the body. Their plumage is somewhat permeable, like that of cormorants, and they spread their wings to dry after diving. There are 4 species worldwide and 1 species which occur in Grenada.

*Anhinga "Anhinga anhinga" (A)

Frigatebirds

Order: PelecaniformesFamily: Fregatidae

Frigatebirds are large sea-birds usually found over tropical oceans. They are large, black and white or completely black, with long wings and deeply-forked tails. The males have inflatable coloured throat pouches. They do not swim or walk, and cannot take off from a flat surface. Having the largest wingspan to body weight ratio of any bird, they are essentially aerial, able to stay aloft for more than a week. There are 5 species worldwide and 1 species which occur in Grenada.

*Magnificent Frigatebird "Fregata magnificens"

Bitterns, Herons and Egrets

Order: CiconiiformesFamily: Ardeidae

The family Ardeidae contains the bitterns, herons and egrets. Herons and egrets are medium to large sized wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more wary. Unlike other long-necked birds suck as storks, ibises and spoonbills, members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted. There are 61 species worldwide and 9 species which occur in Grenada.

*Great Blue Heron "Ardea herodias" (A)
*Great Egret "Ardea alba"
*Tricolored Heron "Egretta tricolor" (A)
*Little Blue Heron "Egretta caerulea" (A)
*Snowy Egret "Egretta thula" (A)
*Cattle Egret "Bubulcus ibis"
*Green Heron "Butorides virescens"
*Black-crowned Night-Heron "Nycticorax nycticorax" (A)
*Yellow-crowned Night-Heron "Nyctanassa violacea" (A)

torks

Order: CiconiiformesFamily: Ciconiidae

Storks are large, long-legged, long-necked, wading birds with long, stout bills. Storks are mute; bill-clattering is an important mode of stork communication at the nest. Their nests can be large and may be reused for many years. Many species are migratory. There are 19 species worldwide and 1 species which occur in Grenada.

*Jabiru "Jabiru mycteria"

Ibises and Spoonbills

Order: CiconiiformesFamily: Threskiornithidae

The Threskiornithidae is a family of large terrestrial and wading birds which includes the ibises and spoonbills. They have long, broad wings with 11 primary and about 20 secondary feathers. They are strong fliers and despite their size and weight, very capable soarers. There are 36 species worldwide and 3 species which occur in Grenada.

*Scarlet Ibis "Eudocimus ruber" (A)
*Glossy Ibis "Plegadis falcinellus"
*Roseate Spoonbill "Platalea ajaja"

Ducks, Geese and Swans

Order: AnseriformesFamily: Anatidae

The family Anatidae includes the ducks and most duck-like waterfowl, such as geese and swans. These are birds that are modified for an aquatic existence with webbed feet, flattened bills and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to an oily coating. There are 131 species worldwide and 12 species which occur in Grenada.

*Fulvous Whistling-Duck "Dendrocygna bicolor" (A)
*West Indian Whistling-Duck "Dendrocygna arborea" (A)
*Black-bellied Whistling-Duck "Dendrocygna autumnalis" (A)
*American Wigeon "Anas americana"
*Green-winged Teal "Anas carolinensis"
*Northern Pintail "Anas acuta"
*Blue-winged Teal "Anas discors" (A)
*Northern Shoveler "Anas clypeata"
*Ring-necked Duck "Aythya collaris"
*Lesser Scaup "Aythya affinis"
*Masked Duck "Nomonyx dominica"
*Ruddy Duck "Oxyura jamaicensis" (A)

New World vultures

Order: FalconiformesFamily: Cathartidae

The New World vultures are not closely related to Old World vultures, but superficially resemble them because of convergent evolution. Like the Old World vultures, they are scavengers. However, unlike Old World vultures, which find carcasses by sight, New World vultures have a good sense of smell with which they locate carrion. There are 7 species worldwide, all of which are found only in the Americas, and 1 species which occur in Grenada.

*Black Vulture "Coragyps atratus" (A)

Osprey

Order: FalconiformesFamily: Pandionidae

The Pandionidae family contains only one species, the Osprey. The Osprey is a medium large raptor which is a specialist fish-eater with a worldwide distribution.

*Osprey "Pandion haliaetus" (A)

Hawks, Kites and Eagles

Order: FalconiformesFamily: Accipitridae

Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey and include hawks, eagles, kites, harriers and Old World vultures. These birds have powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons, and keen eyesight. There are 233 species worldwide and 4 species which occur in Grenada.

*Hook-billed Kite "Chondrohierax uncinatus"
*Northern Harrier "Circus cyaneus"
*Common Black-Hawk "Buteogallus anthracinus" (A)
*Broad-winged Hawk "Buteo platypterus" (A)

Caracaras and Falcons

Order: FalconiformesFamily: Falconidae

Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey. They differ from hawks, eagles, and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their feet. There are 62 species worldwide and 3 species which occur in Grenada.

*American Kestrel "Falco sparverius" (A)
*Merlin "Falco columbarius" (A)
*Peregrine Falcon "Falco peregrinus"

Guans, Chachalacas and allies

Order: GalliformesFamily: Cracidae

The Cracidae are large birds, similar in general appearance to turkeys. The guans and curassows live in trees, but the smaller chachalacas are found in more open scrubby habitats. They are generally dull-plumaged, but the curassows and some guans have colourful facial ornaments. There are 50 species worldwide and 1 species which occur in Grenada.

*Rufous-vented Chachalaca "Ortalis ruficauda"

Rails, Crakes, Gallinules, and Coots

Order: GruiformesFamily: Rallidae

Rallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the rails, crakes, coots, and gallinules. Typically they inhabit dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps, or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs, and have long toes which are well adapted to soft, uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and be weak fliers. There are 143 species worldwide and 5 species which occur in Grenada.

*Sora "Porzana carolina" (A)
*Purple Gallinule "Porphyrio martinica"
*Common Moorhen "Gallinula chloropus" (A)
*American Coot "Fulica americana" (A)
*Caribbean Coot "Fulica caribaea" (A)

Avocets and Stilts

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Recurvirostridae

Recurvirostridae is a family of large wading birds, which includes the avocets and the stilts. The avocets have long legs and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin, straight bills. There are 9 species worldwide and 1 species which occur in Grenada.

*Black-necked Stilt "Himantopus mexicanus" (A)

Plovers and Lapwings

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Charadriidae

The family Charadriidae includes the plovers, dotterels, and lapwings. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short, thick necks and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water, although there are some exceptions. There are 66 species worldwide and 6 species which occur in Grenada.

*American Golden-Plover "Pluvialis dominica" (A)
*Black-bellied Plover "Pluvialis squatarola" (A)
*Semipalmated Plover "Charadrius semipalmatus" (A)
*Wilson's Plover "Charadrius wilsonia" (A)
*Killdeer "Charadrius vociferus" (A)
*Collared Plover "Charadrius collaris" (A)

andpipers and allies

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Scolopacidae

The Scolopacidae are a large diverse family of small to medium sized shorebirds including the sandpipers, curlews, godwits, shanks, tattlers, woodcocks, snipes, dowitchers and phalaropes. The majority of species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Variation in length of legs and bills enable different species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food. There are 89 species worldwide and 23 species which occur in Grenada.

*Wilson's Snipe "Gallinago delicata" (A)
*Short-billed Dowitcher "Limnodromus griseus" (A)
*Marbled Godwit "Limosa fedoa" (A)
*Eskimo Curlew "Numenius borealis" (A)
*Whimbrel "Numenius phaeopus"
*Upland Sandpiper "Bartramia longicauda" (A)
*Greater Yellowlegs "Tringa melanoleuca" (A)
*Lesser Yellowlegs "Tringa flavipes" (A)
*Solitary Sandpiper "Tringa solitaria" (A)
*Spotted Sandpiper "Actitis macularia" (A)
*Willet "Catoptrophorus semipalmatus" (A)
*Ruddy Turnstone "Arenaria interpres" (A)
*Red Knot "Calidris canutus" (A)
*Sanderling "Calidris alba" (A)
*Semipalmated Sandpiper "Calidris pusilla" (A)
*Western Sandpiper "Calidris mauri" (A)
*Least Sandpiper "Calidris minutilla" (A)
*Pectoral Sandpiper "Calidris melanotos" (A)
*Curlew Sandpiper "Calidris ferruginea" (A)
*Stilt Sandpiper "Calidris himantopus" (A)
*Buff-breasted Sandpiper "Tryngites subruficollis" (A)
*Ruff "Philomachus pugnax" (A)
*Wilson's Phalarope "Phalaropus tricolor" (A)

kuas and Jaegers

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Stercorariidae

The family Stercorariidae are, in general, medium to large birds, typically with grey or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings. They nest on the ground in temperate and arctic regions and are long-distance migrants. There are 7 species worldwide and 1 species which occur in Grenada.

*Parasitic Jaeger "Stercorarius parasiticus" (A)

Gulls

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Laridae

Laridae is a family of medium to large birds seabirds and includes gulls and kittiwakes. They are typically grey or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have stout, longish bills and webbed feet. There are 55 species worldwide and 3 species which occur in Grenada.

*American Herring Gull "Larus smithsonianus"
*Black-headed Gull "Larus ridibundus" (A)
*Laughing Gull "Larus atricilla"

Terns

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Sternidae

Terns are a group of generally general medium to large sea-birds typically with grey or white plumage, often with black markings on the head. Most terns hunt fish by diving but some pick insects off the surface of fresh water. Terns are generally long-lived birds, with several species now known to live in excess of 25 to 30 years. There are 44 species worldwide and 9 species which occur in Grenada.

*Sandwich Tern "Sterna sandvicensis" (A)
*Royal Tern "Sterna maxima"
*Roseate Tern "Sterna dougallii" (A)
*Common Tern "Sterna hirundo" (A)
*Least Tern "Sterna antillarum" (A)
*Bridled Tern "Sterna anaethetus" (A)
*Sooty Tern "Sterna fuscata" (A)
*Black Tern "Chlidonias niger" (A)
*Brown Noddy "Anous stolidus"

kimmers

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Rynchopidae

Skimmers are a small family of tropical tern-like birds. They have an elongated lower mandible which they use to feed by flying low over the water surface and skimming the water for small fish. There are 3 species worldwide and 1 species which occur in Grenada.

*Black Skimmer "Rynchops niger" (A)

Pigeons and Doves

Order: ColumbiformesFamily: Columbidae

Pigeons and doves are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy cere. There are 308 species worldwide and 7 species which occur in Grenada.

*Rock Pigeon "Columba livia" (I)
*Scaly-naped Pigeon "Patagioenas squamosa"
*Eared Dove "Zenaida auriculata"
*Zenaida Dove "Zenaida aurita"
*Common Ground-Dove "Columbina passerina"
*Grenada Dove "Leptotila wellsi" (E)
*Ruddy Quail-Dove "Geotrygon montana"

Cuckoos and Anis

Order: CuculiformesFamily: Cuculidae

The family Cuculidae includes cuckoos, roadrunners and anis. These birds are of variable size with slender bodies, long tails and strong legs. Unlike the cuckoo species of the Old World, North American cuckoos are not brood parasites. There are 138 species worldwide and 3 species which occur in Grenada.

*Mangrove Cuckoo "Coccyzus minor"
*Dark-billed Cuckoo "Coccyzus melacoryphus" (A)
*Smooth-billed Ani "Crotophaga ani"

Barn owls

Order: StrigiformesFamily: Tytonidae

Barn owls are medium to large sized owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long strong legs with powerful talons. There are 16 species worldwide and 1 species which occur in Grenada.

*Barn Owl "Tyto alba"

wifts

Order: ApodiformesFamily: Apodidae

Swifts are small aerial birds, spending the majority of their lives flying. These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces. Many swifts have long swept-back wings that resemble a crescent or a boomerang. There are 98 species worldwide and 4 species which occur in Grenada.

*Black Swift "Cypseloides niger" (A)
*White-collared Swift "Streptoprocne zonaris" (A)
*Gray-rumped Swift "Chaetura cinereiventris"
*Short-tailed Swift "Chaetura brachyura"

Hummingbirds

Order: TrochiliformesFamily: Trochilidae

Hummingbirds are small birds capable of hovering in mid-air due to the rapid flapping of their wings. They are the only birds that can fly backwards. There are 337 species worldwide and 9 species which occur in Grenada.

*Rufous-breasted Hermit "Glaucis hirsuta"
*White-necked Jacobin "Florisuga mellivora"
*Green-throated Mango "Anthracothorax viridigula"
*Purple-throated Carib "Eulampis jugularis"
*Green-throated Carib "Eulampis holosericeus"
*Ruby-topaz Hummingbird "Chrysolampis mosquitus"
*Antillean Crested Hummingbird "Orthorhyncus cristatus"
*White-chested Emerald "Agyrtria brevirostris"
*Copper-rumped Hummingbird "Saucerottia tobaci"

Kingfishers

Order: CoraciiformesFamily: Alcedinidae

Kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long pointed bills, short legs, and stubby tails. There are 93 species worldwide and 1 species which occur in Grenada.

*Belted Kingfisher "Ceryle alcyon" (A)

Tyrant flycatchers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Tyrannidae

Tyrant flycatchers are passerine birds which occur throughout North and South America. They superficially resemble the Old World flycatchers, but are more robust with stronger bills. They do not have the sophisticated vocal capabilities of the songbirds. Most, but not all, have plain colouring. As the name implies, most are insectivorous. There are 429 species worldwide, all found only in the Americas and 7 species which occur in Grenada.

*Caribbean Elaenia "Elaenia martinica"
*Yellow-bellied Elaenia "Elaenia flavogaster"
*Euler's Flycatcher "Lathrotriccus euleri" (Ex)
*Grenada Flycatcher "Myiarchus nugator" (E)
*Tropical Kingbird "Tyrannus melancholicus" (A)
*Gray Kingbird "Tyrannus dominicensis"
*Fork-tailed Flycatcher "Tyrannus savana" (A)

wallows and Martins

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Hirundinidae

The Hirundinidae family is a group of passerines characterized by their adaptation to aerial feeding. Their adaptations include a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings and short bills with wide gape. The feet are designed for perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base. There are 75 species worldwide and 4 species which occur in Grenada.

*Caribbean Martin "Progne dominicensis"
*White-winged Swallow "Tachycineta albiventer" (A)
*Bank Swallow "Riparia riparia" (A)
*Barn Swallow "Hirundo rustica"

Wrens

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Troglodytidae

The wrens are mainly small and inconspicuous except for their loud songs. These birds have short wings and a thin down-turned bill. Several species often hold their tails upright. All are insectivorous. There are 80 species worldwide (of which all but one are New World species) and 1 species which occur in Grenada.

*House Wren "Troglodytes aedon"

Mockingbirds and Thrashers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Mimidae

The mimids are a family of passerine birds that includes thrashers, mockingbirds, tremblers, and the New World catbirds. These birds are notable for their vocalizations, especially their ability to mimic a wide variety of birds and other sounds heard outdoors. Their colouring tends towards dull greys and browns . There are 35 species worldwide and 4 species which occur in Grenada.

*Tropical Mockingbird "Mimus gilvus"
*Brown Trembler "Cinclocerthia ruficauda" (A)
*Scaly-breasted Thrasher "Allenia fusca" (A)
*Pearly-eyed Thrasher "Margarops fuscatus"

Thrushes and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Turdidae

The thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs. There are 335 species worldwide and 3 species which occur in Grenada.

*Gray-cheeked Thrush "Catharus minimus"
*Cocoa Thrush "Turdus fumigatus"
*Bare-eyed Thrush "Turdus nudigenis"

Vireos

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Vireonidae

The vireos are a group of small to medium sized passerine birds restricted to the New World. They are typically greenish in colour and resemble wood warblers apart from their heavier bills. There are 52 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in Grenada.

*Yellow-throated Vireo "Vireo flavifrons" (A)
*Black-whiskered Vireo "Vireo altiloquus"

New World warblers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Parulidae

The New World warblers are a group of small, often colourful, passerine birds restricted to the New World. Most are arboreal, but some are terrestrial. Most members of this family are insectivores. There are 119 species worldwide and 11 species which occur in Grenada.

*Northern Parula "Parula americana" (A)
*Yellow Warbler "Dendroica petechia"
*Cape May Warbler "Dendroica tigrina" (A)
*Blackburnian Warbler "Dendroica fusca" (A)
*Prairie Warbler "Dendroica discolor" (A)
*Blackpoll Warbler "Dendroica striata" (A)
*Black-and-white Warbler "Mniotilta varia"
*American Redstart "Setophaga ruticilla" (A)
*Prothonotary Warbler "Protonotaria citrea" (A)
*Northern Waterthrush "Seiurus noveboracensis" (A)
*Louisiana Waterthrush "Seiurus motacilla"

Bananaquit

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Coerebidae

The Bananaquit is a small passerine bird. It has a slender, curved bill, adapted to taking nectar from flowers and is the only member of the genus "Coereba" (Vieillot, 1809) and is normally placed within the family Coerebidae, although there is uncertainty whether that placement is correct.

*Bananaquit "Coereba flaveola"

Tanagers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Thraupidae

The tanagers are a large group of small to medium-sized passerine birds restricted to the New World, mainly in the tropics. Many species are brightly coloured. They are seed eaters, but their preference tends towards fruit and nectar. Most have short, rounded wings. There are 256 species worldwide and 4 species which occur in Grenada.

*Scarlet Tanager "Piranga olivacea" (A)
*Summer Tanager "Piranga rubra" (A)
*Antillean Euphonia "Euphonia musica" (A)
*Lesser Antillean Tanager "Tangara cucullata" (E)

Buntings, Sparrows, Seedeaters and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Emberizidae

The emberizids are a large family of passerine birds. They are seed-eating birds with a distinctively shaped bill. In Europe, most species are named as buntings. In North America, most of the species in this family are known as Sparrows, but these birds are not closely related to the Old World sparrows which are in the family Passeridae. Many emberizid species have distinctive head patterns. There are species 275 worldwide and 5 species which occur in Grenada.

*Blue-black Grassquit "Volatinia jacarina"
*Yellow-bellied Seedeater "Sporophila nigricollis" (A)
*Black-faced Grassquit "Tiaris bicolor"
*Lesser Antillean Bullfinch "Loxigilla noctis"
*Grassland Yellow-Finch "Sicalis luteola" (A)

altators, Cardinals and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Cardinalidae

The cardinals are a family of passerine birds that are robust, seed-eating birds, with strong bills. They are typically associated with open woodland. The sexes usually have distinct plumages. There are 43 species worldwide and 1 species which occur in Grenada.

*Rose-breasted Grosbeak "Pheucticus ludovicianus"

Troupials and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Icteridae

The icterids are a group of small to medium, often colourful, passerine birds restricted to the New World and include the grackles, New World blackbirds, and New World orioles. Most species have black as the predominant plumage colour, often enlivened by yellow, orange or red. There are 98 species worldwide and 5 species which occur in Grenada.

*Bobolink "Dolichonyx oryzivorus" (A)
*Carib Grackle "Quiscalus lugubris"
*Shiny Cowbird "Molothrus bonariensis"
*Venezuelan Troupial "Icterus icterus" (A)
*Baltimore Oriole "Icterus galbula" (A)

ee also

*List of birds
*Lists of birds by region

References

*cite web
last = Lepage
first = Denis
authorlink =
coauthors =
year =
url = http://www.bsc-eoc.org/avibase/avibase.jsp?region=gd&pg=checklist&list=clements
title = Checklist of birds of Grenada
format =
work = Bird Checklists of the World
publisher = Avibase
accessdate = 26 April
accessyear = 2007
*cite book
title=Birds of the World: a Checklist
first= James F.
last = Clements
publisher = Cornell University Press
date = 2000
id = ISBN 0934797161
pages = 880