- Tamna
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For the town in Burma, see Tamna, Burma. For the commune in Romania, see Tâmna.
Tamna Hangul 탐라국 Hanja 耽羅國 Revised Romanization Tamna-guk McCune–Reischauer T'amna-guk The kingdom of Tamna or Tamna guk ruled Jeju Island from ancient times until it was absorbed by the Korean Joseon Dynasty in 1404. This kingdom is also sometimes known as Tangna (탁라), Seomna (섭나), and Tammora (탐모라). All of these names mean "island country."
There is no historical record of the founding or early history of Tamna. One legend tells that the three divine founders of the country—Ko (고), Yang (양), and Bu (부)—emerged from three holes in the ground in the 24th century BC. These holes, known as the Samseonghyeol (삼성혈), are still preserved in Jeju City.
Archaeological evidence indicates that the people of Tamna were engaging in active trade with Han Dynasty China and Yayoi Japan, as well as mainland Korea, by the 1st century AD. The first historical reference to the kingdom may come in the 3rd century AD, in the chronicle of the Chinese Three Kingdoms period called the Sanguozhi. The Sanguozhi reports a strange people living on a large island near Korea, which it calls Juho (州胡, literally "island barbarians"). These people, who had a distinctive language and culture, engaged in trade with the Mahan people of the mainland. However, the identity of Juho with Tamna has been disputed by authorities such as the North Korean scholar Yi Jirin (이지린), who claims that Juho was a small island in the Yellow Sea. Tamna is pronounced Danluo (Traditional: 耽羅國; Simplified: 耽罗国; Pinyin: Danluoguo; Wade-Giles: Tanluokuo) in Standard Mandarin Chinese.
In 476, according to the Samguk Sagi, Tamna entered into a tributary relationship with Baekje, which controlled the southwestern Korean peninsula and enjoyed strong ties with Japan. It was thus a natural partner for Tamna. As Baekje waned, Tamna turned to Silla instead. At some point near the end of the Three Kingdoms period, Tamna officially subjugated itself to Silla. Silla then conferred on the three princes of Tamna the titles which they would hold for the remainder of the kingdom's history: Seongju (성주, 星主), Wangja (왕자, 王子), and Donae (도내, 都內). Some sources indicate that this took place during the reign of King Munmu of Silla in the late 7th century AD.[1]
Tamna briefly reclaimed its independence after the fall of Silla in 935. However, it was subjugated by the Goryeo Dynasty in 938, and officially annexed in 1105. However, the kingdom maintained local autonomy until 1404, when Taejong of Joseon placed it under firm central control and brought the Tamna kingdom to an end. One interesting event that took place during these later years of Tamna was the Sambyeolcho Rebellion, which came to a bloody end on Jeju Island in 1274.
Contents
Sovereigns and governors of Tamna
Kings of Tamna Hangul Hanja King Go Eulla 고을라왕 髙乙那王 King Geon 건왕 建王 King Samgye 삼계왕 三繼王 King Ilmang 일망왕 日望王 King Doje 도제왕 島濟王 King Eon-gyeong 언경왕 彦卿王 King Bomyeong 보명왕 寶明王 King Haengcheon 행천왕 幸天王 King Hwan 환왕 歡王 King Sik 식왕 湜王 King Uk 욱왕 煜王 King Hwang 황왕 惶王 King Wi 위왕 偉王 King Yeong 영왕 榮王 King Hu 후왕 厚王 King Dumyeong 두명왕 斗明王 King Seonju 선주왕 善主王 King Jinam 지남왕 知南王 King Seongbang 성방왕 聖邦王 King Munseong 문성왕 文星王 King Ik 익왕 翼王 King Jihyo 지효왕 之孝王 King Suk 숙왕 淑王 King Hyeonbang 현방왕 賢方王 King Gi 기왕 璣王 King Dam 담왕 聃王 King Ji-un 지운왕 指雲王 King Seo 서왕 瑞王 King Damyeong 다명왕 多鳴王 King Dam 담왕 談王 King Cheseam 체삼왕 體參王 King Seongjin 성진왕 聲振王 King Hong 홍왕 鴻王 King Cheoryang 처량왕 處良王 King Won 원왕 遠王 King Pyoryun 표륜왕 表倫王 King Hyeong 형왕 逈王 King Chido 치도왕 致道王 King Uk 욱왕 勖王 King Cheonwon 천원왕 天元王 King Hogong 호공왕 好恭王 King So 소왕 昭王 King Gyeongjik 경직왕 敬直王 King Min 민왕 岷王 King Jagyeong[1] 자견왕 自堅王 Governors of Tamna Hangul Hanja Go Jagyeon 고자견 髙自堅 Go Mallo 고말로 髙末老 Go Bong-ye 고봉예 髙鳳禮 See also
References
- ^ Go Jagyeon, formerly King Jagyeon of Tamna was Governor of Tamna from 933-938
External links
Categories:- Ancient peoples
- Former countries in Korean history
- Former countries in East Asia
- History of Korea
- Jeju-do
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