List of astronomers

Famous astronomers and astrophysicists include:

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A

*Marc Aaronson (USA, 1950 – 1987)
*George Ogden Abell (USA, 1927 – 1983)
*Antonio Abetti (Italy, 1846 – 1928)
*Giorgio Abetti (Italy, 1882 – 1982)
*Charles Greeley Abbot (USA, 1872 – 1973)
*Charles Hitchcock Adams (USA, 1868 – 1951)
*John Couch Adams (UK, 1819 – 1892)
*Walter Sydney Adams (USA, 1876 – 1956)
*Saul Adelman (USA, 1944 – )
*Abdul Ahad (UK, 1968 – )
*Petrus Alphonsi (Spain) (Jewish Spanish) (1062-1110)
*Agrippa (Greek, "unknown" ca. 92)
*Paul Oswald Ahnert (Germany, 1897 – 1989)
*Eva Ahnert-Rohlfs (Germany, 1912 – 1954)
*George Biddell Airy, (England, 1801 – 1892)
*Robert Aitken, (USA, 1864 – 1951)
*Al Battani (Iraq, 850 – 929)
*Albategnius "(see Al-Batani)"
*Vladimir Aleksandrovich Albitzky (Russia, 1891 – 1952)
*Albumasar (Persia 787 - 886)
*George Alcock (UK, 1913 – 2000)
*Harold Alden (USA, 1890 – 1964)
*Hannes Alfvén (Sweden, 1908 – 1995)
*Lawrence H. Aller (USA, 1913 – 2003)
*Abd Al-Rahman Al Sufi, (Persia, 903 – 986)
*Viktor Amazaspovich Ambartsumian, (Armenia, 1912 – 1996)
*John August Anderson, (USA, 1876 – 1959)
*Andronicus of Cyrrhus, (Greek, "unknown" ca. 100 BC)
*Anders Jonas Ångström (Sweden, 1814 – 1874)
*Eugène Michel Antoniadi (Greece, France, 1870 – 1944)
*Petrus Apianus (Germany, 1495 – 1557)
*François Arago (France, 1786 – 1853)
*Sylvain Arend (Belgium, 1902 – 1992)
*Friedrich Wilhelm Argelander (Germany, 1799 – 1875)
*Aristarchus of Samos (Greek, circa 310 BC – circa 230 BC)
*Christoph Arnold (Germany, 1650 – 1695)
*Halton Christian Arp (USA, 1927 –)
*Svante Arrhenius (Sweden, 1859 – 1927)
*Arzachel (Muslim from Spain), (1028 – 1087)
*Goryu Asada (Japan, 1734 –1799)
*Giuseppe Asclepi (Italy, 1706 – 1776)
*Joseph Ashbrook (USA, April 4 1918 – August 4 1980)
*Arthur Auwers (Germany, 1838 – 1915)
*Adrien Auzout (France, 1622 – 1691)
*Aryabhata (India, 476)

B

*Walter Baade (Germany, 1893 – 1960)
*Harold D. Babcock (USA, 1882 – 1968)
*Horace W. Babcock (USA, 1912 – 2003)
*Oskar Backlund (Sweden, 1846 – 1916)
*John N. Bahcall (USA, 1934 – 2005)
*Benjamin Baillaud (France, 1848 – 1934)
*Jean Sylvain Bailly (France, 1736 – 1793)
*Francis Baily (UK, 1774 – 1844)
*John Bainbridge (UK, 1582 – 1643)
*John E. Baldwin (UK, 1934 – )
*Sallie Baliunas (USA, 1953 – )
*Zoltán Balog (Hungary,USA, 1972 – )
*Benjamin Banneker (USA, 1731 – 1806)
*Edward Emerson Barnard (USA, 1857 – 1923)
*Johann Bayer (Germany, 1572 – 1625)
*Antonín Bečvář (Slovakia, 1901 – 1965)
*Wilhelm Beer (Germany, 1797 – 1850)
*Sergei Ivanovich Belyavsky (Russia, 1883 – 1953)
*Charles L. Bennett (USA, 1956- present)
*Jocelyn Bell Burnell (Ireland, 1943 – )
*Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel (Germany, 1784 – 1846)
*Wilhelm Freiherr von Biela (Austria, 1782 – 1856)
*Ludwig Biermann (Germany, 1907 – 1986)
*Wolf Bickel (Germany, [born] – [died] )
*Guillaume Bigourdan (France, 1851 – 1932)
*Biruni (Persia 973 - 1048)
*Adriaan Blaauw (Netherlands, 1914 – )
*Nathaniel Bliss (UK, 1700 – 1764)
*Johann Elert Bode (Germany, 1747 – 1826)
*Alfred Bohrmann (Germany, 1904 – 2000)
*Bart Bok (Netherlands, 1906 – 1983)
*Charles Thomas Bolton (USA, 1943 – )
*John Gatenby Bolton (UK, Australia, 1922 – 1993)
*William Cranch Bond (USA, 1789 – 1859)
*Alphonse Borrelly (France, 1842 – 1926)
*Rudjer Boscovich (Dalmatia, 1711 – 1787)
*Lewis Boss (USA, 1846 – 1912)
*Alexis Bouvard (France, 1767 – 1843)
*Rychard Bouwens (USA, 1972 – )
*Edward (Ted) L. G. Bowell (USA, 1943 – )
*Ira Sprague Bowen (USA, 1898 – 1973)
*Louis Boyer (France)
*Ronald N. Bracewell (Australia, USA, 1921 – 2007)
*James Bradley (England, 1693 – 1762)
*Tycho Brahe (Denmark, 1546 – 1601)
*John Alfred Brashear (USA, 1840 – 1920)
*William Robert Brooks (USA, 1844 – 1922)
*Theodor Brorsen (Denmark, 1819 – 1895)
*Dirk Brouwer (Netherlands–USA, 1902 – 1966)
*Ernest William Brown (UK, 1866 – 1938)
*Michael (Mike) E. Brown (USA, 1965 – )
*Hermann Alexander Brück (Germany, 1905 – 2000)
*Ismael Bullialdus (France, 1605 – 1694)
*Margaret Burbidge (UK, 1919 – )
*Robert Burnham, Jr. (USA, 1931 – 1993)
*Sherburne Wesley Burnham (1838 – 1921)
*Schelte J. Bus (USA, 1956)

C

*William Wallace Campbell (USA, 1862 – 1938)
*Annie Jump Cannon (USA, 1863 – 1941)
*Luigi Carnera (Italy, 1875 – 1962)
*Edwin Francis Carpenter (USA, 1898 – 1963)
*James Carpenter (UK, 1840 – 1899)
*Richard Christopher Carrington (UK, 1826 – 1875)
*Sir John Carroll (UK, 1899 – 1974)
*César-François Cassini de Thury (France, 1714 – 1784)
*Dominique, comte de Cassini (France, 1748 – 1845)
*Giovanni Domenico Cassini a.k.a. Jean-Dominique Cassini (France, 1625 – 1712)
*Jacques Cassini (France, 1677 – 1756)
*Bonaventura Cavalieri (Italy, 1598 – 1647)
*Anders Celsius, (1701 – 1744)
*Vincenzo Cerulli, (Italy, 1859 – 1927)
*Jean Chacornac (France, 1823 – 1873)
*James Challis (UK, 1803 – 1882)
*Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar (India, USA, 1910 – 1995)
*Carl Charlier (Sweden, 1862 – 1934)
*Auguste Charlois (France, 1864 – 1910)
*Lyudmila Ivanovna Chernykh (Russia?, Ukraine)
*Nikolai Stepanovich Chernykh (Russia, Ukraine, 1931 – )
*James Christy (USA, 1938 – )
*Edwin Foster Coddington (USA, 1870 – 1950)
*Jérôme Eugène Coggia (France, 1849 – 1919)
*Josep Comas Solá (Spain)
*Andrew Ainslie Common (UK, 1841 – 1903)
*Guy Consolmagno (USA, 1952 – )
*E. J. Cooper (Ireland, 1798 – 1863)
*Nicolaus Copernicus ( 1473 – 1543)
*Corsono Carsono (Spain)
*Pablo Cottenot (France)
*Heather Couper (UK, 1949 – )
*Leopold Courvoisier (Switzerland, 1873 – 1955)
*Arthur Edwin Covington (Canada, 1914 – 2001)
*Philip Herbert Cowell (UK, 1870 – 1949)
*Thomas George Cowling (UK, 1906 – 1990)
*Andrew Claude de la Cherois Crommelin (UK, 1865 – 1939)
*James Cuffey (USA, 1911 – 1999)
*Heber Doust Curtis (USA, 1872 – 1942)

D

*Jacques Eugène d'Allonville (France, 1671 – 1732)
*Andre Louis Danjon (France, 1890 – 1967)
*Heinrich d'Arrest (Germany, 1822 – 1875)
*George Howard Darwin (UK, 1845 – 1912)
*Roger Davies (UK, 1954- )
*William Rutter Dawes (UK, 1799 – 1868)
*Bernhard Dawson (Argentina, 1890 – 1960)
*Leo de Ball (Germany, Austria, 1853 – 1916)
*Henri Debehogne (Belgium)
*Annibale de Gasparis (Italy, 1819 – 1892)
*Jean Baptiste Joseph Delambre (France, 1749 – 1822)
*Charles-Eugène Delaunay (France, 1816 – 1872)
*Eugène Joseph Delporte (Belgium, 1882 – 1955)
*Audrey Delsanti
*William Frederick Denning (UK, 1848 – 1931)
*Alíz Derekas (Hungary, 1977 – )
*Willem de Sitter (Netherlands, 1872 – 1934)
*Henri-Alexandre Deslandres (France, 1853 – 1948)
*Alexander Nikolaevich Deutsch (Russia)
*Gérard de Vaucouleurs (France, USA, 1918 – 1995)
*Robert Dicke (USA, 1916 – 1997)
*Terence Dickinson, (Canada), astronomer and author
*Thomas Digges (England, 1546 – 1595)
*Herbert Dingle (USA, 1890 – 1978)
*Andrea Di Paola (Italy)
*Ewine van Dishoeck (Netherlands, 1955 – )
*John Lowry Dobson (1915 – )
*David Dodge, (Canada) (1949 – )
*Franjo Dominko, (Slovenia, 1903 – 1987)
*Giovanni Battista Donati, (Italy, 1826 – 1873)
*Frank Drake (USA, 1930 – )
*Henry Draper (USA, 1837 – 1882)
*John Dreyer (Ireland, 1852 – 1926)
*Alexander D. Dubyago (Russia), 1903 – 1959)
*Dmitrij I. Dubyago (Russia), 1850 – 1918)
*Jean C. B. Dufay (France, 1896 – 1967)
*Raymond Smith Dugan (USA, 1878 – 1940)
*Frank Watson Dyson (UK, 1868 – 1939)

E

*Arthur Eddington (England, 1882 – 1944)
*Frank K. Edmondson, (USA), (born 1912)
*Olin J. Eggen (USA, 1919 – 1998)
*Eise Eisinga (Netherlands, 1744 – 1828)
*Eric Elst (Belgium)
*Johann Franz Encke (Germany, 1791 – 1865)
*Eratosthenes (Alexandria, 276 BC – 194 BC)
*Emil Ernst (Ph.D. Germany)
*Ernest Esclangon, (France, 1876 – 1954)
*Larry W. Esposito (USA)
*Eudoxus (Cnidus, circa 408 BC – circa 347 BC)

F

*David Fabricius (Netherlands, 1564 – 1617)
*Sandra M. Faber (USA, 1945-)
*Johannes Fabricius (Netherlands, 1587 – 1615)
*Fearon Fallows (UK, 1789 – 1831)
*Hervé Faye (1814 – 1902)
*Charles Fehrenbach (France, 1914 – )
*Farghani (Persia, d. after 861)
*James Ferguson (USA, 1797 – 1867)
*Alex Filippenko (USA, 1958 – )
*Erwin Finlay-Freundlich (1885 – 1964)
*Axel Firsoff (UK, 1910 – 1981)
*J. Richard Fisher
*Camille Flammarion (France, 1842 – 1925)
*Gabrielle Renaudot Flammarion (France, 1867 – 1962)
*John Flamsteed, (England, 1646 – 1719)
*Honoré Flaugergues (France, 1755 – 1835)
*Williamina Fleming (USA, 1857 – 1911)
*Wilhelm Julius Foerster (Germany, 1832 – 1921)
*Alfred Fowler (UK, 1868 – 1940)
*William Alfred Fowler (USA, 1911 – 1995)
*Philip Fox (USA, 1878 – 1944)
*Andrew Fraknoi (USA, 1948-)
*Joseph von Fraunhofer (Germany, 1787 – 1826)
*Herbert Friedman (USA, 1916 – 2000 )
*Dirk D. Frimout, (Belgium, 1941 – ), engineer and cosmonaut
*Edwin Brant Frost (USA, 1866 – 1935)

G

*Bryan Gaensler (Australia)
*Gan De (China, fl. 4th century BC)
*Galileo Galilei (Italy, 1564 – 1642)
*Julio Garavito Armero
*Gautama Siddha (China, fl. 8th century AD)
*Johann Gottfried Galle (Germany, 1812 – 1910)
*George Gamow (Russia, USA, 1904 – 1968)
*Carl Friedrich Gauss (Germany, 1777 – 1855)
*Tom Gehrels (Netherlands, USA, 1925 – )
*Andrea Ghez (USA)
*Riccardo Giacconi (Italy, 1931 – )
*Michel Giacobini (France, 1873 – 1938)
*Henry Lee Giclas (USA)
*David Gill (UK, 1843 – 1914)
*Thomas Gold (USA, 1920 – 2004)
*Leo Goldberg (USA, 1913 – 1987)
*Peter Goldreich (USA, 1939 – )
*Hermann Mayer Salomon Goldschmidt (Germany, 1802 – 1866)
*François Gonnessiat (France, 1856 – 1934)
*John Goodricke (UK, 1764 – 1786)
*Abu Sa'id Gorgani (Persia, 9th century)
*Paul Götz (Germany)
*Benjamin Apthorp Gould (USA, 1824 – 1896)
*Andrew Graham (Ireland, 1815 – 1907)
*Charles Green (England, 1735 – 1771)
*Jesse Greenstein (USA, 1909 – 2002)
*Jay U. Gunter, (United States, 1911 - 1994)
*Alexander A. Gurshtein
*Bengt Gustafsson, (Sweden, 1943 – )
*Guo Shoujing (China, 1231 – 1316)
*Alan Harvey Guth (USA, 1947 – )

H

*Yusuke Hagihara (Japan, 1897 –1979)
*George Ellery Hale (USA, 1868 – 1938)
*Asaph Hall (USA, 1829 – 1907)
*Edmond Halley (England, 1656 – 1742)
*Peter Andreas Hansen (December 8, 1795 – March 28 1874)
*Abulfazl Harawi (Persia, 10th century)
*Karl Ludwig Harding (Germany, 1765 – 1834)
*Thomas Hariot (UK, 1560 – 1621)
*Guillermo Haro (Mexico, 1913 – 1988)
*Robert G. Harrington (USA)
*Robert Sutton Harrington (USA, 1942 – 1993)
*Edward Robert Harrison (UK/USA, 1917 – 2007)
*William Kenneth Hartmann (USA, 1939 – )
*Stephen Hawking (UK, 1942 – )
*Will Hay (UK, 1888 - 1949)
*John Frederick Heard (Canada, 1907 - 1976)
*Otto Hermann Leopold Heckmann (Germany, 1901 – 1983)
*Carl Heiles (USA, 1939 – )
*Joseph Helffrich (Germany, 1872 - ?)
*Eleanor Helin (USA)
*Maximilian Hell (Austria-Hungary, 1720 – 1792)
*Karl Ludwig Hencke (Germany, 1793 – 1866)
*Thomas Henderson (Scotland, 1798 – 1844)
*Paul Henry (France, 1848 – 1905)
*Prosper Henry (France, 1849 – 1903)
*Abraham bar Hiyya (Spanish Jewish), (1070-1136)
*George Howard Herbig (USA, 1920 – )
*Caroline Herschel (UK, 1750 – 1848)
*John Herschel (UK, 1792 – 1871)
*William Herschel (UK, 1738 – 1822)
*Ejnar Hertzsprung (Denmark, 1873 – 1967)
*Johannes Hevelius ( 1611 – 1687)
*Antony Hewish (UK, 1924 – )
*George William Hill (USA, 1838 – 1914)
*John Russell Hind (UK, 1823 – 1895)
*Hipparchus (Nicaea, circa 190 BC – 120 BC)
*Kiyotsugu Hirayama (Japan, 1874 – 1943)
*Shin Hirayama (Japan, 1868 – 1945)
*Gustave-Adolphe Hirn (France, 1815 – 1890)
*Cuno Hoffmeister (Germany, 1892 – 1968)
*Dorrit Hoffleit (USA, 1907 – 2007 )
*Helen Sawyer Hogg (Canada, 1905 – 1993)
*Minoru Honda (Japan, 1917 –1990)
*Jeremiah Horrocks (UK, c1619 – 1641)
*Cornelis Johannes van Houten (Netherlands, 1920 – August 24 2002)
*Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld (Netherlands)
*Martin van den Hove (Netherlands, 1605 – 1639)
*Fred Hoyle (UK, 1915 – 2001)
*Edwin Powell Hubble (USA, 1889 – 1953)
*William Huggins (UK, 1824 – 1910)
*Russell Alan Hulse (USA, 1950 – )
*Hendrik Christoffel van de Hulst (Netherlands, 1918 – 2000)
*Milton Lasell Humason (USA, 1891 – 1972)
*Christiaan Huygens (Netherlands, 1629 – 1695)
*Josef Allen Hynek (USA, 1910 – 1986)

I

*I Sin (China, 683 – 727)
*Icko Iben, Jr. (1931 – )
*Kaoru Ikeya (Japan)
*Robert Thorburn Ayton Innes (Scotland, South Africa, 1861 – 1933)
*Edward Israel (USA, 1859 – 1884)

J

*Cyril V. Jackson (South Africa)
*Karl Guthe Jansky (USA, 1905 – 1950)
*Pierre Jules César Janssen (France, 1824 – 1907)
*James Jeans (UK,1877 – 1946)
*Benjamin Jekhowsky (Russia, France, Algeria, 1881 – ?)
*Louise Freeland Jenkins (USA, 1888 – 1970)
*David Jewitt
*Jiao Bingzhen (China, 1689 – 1726)
*Alfred Harrison Joy (USA, 1882 – 1973)

K

*Franz Kaiser (Germany, 1891 – 1962)
*Piet van de Kamp (Netherlands, USA, 1901 – 1995)
*Jacobus Kapteyn (Netherlands, 1851 – 1922)
*Lyudmila Georgievna Karachkina (Ukraine)
*Ghiyath al-Kashi (Persia, 1380 - 1429)
*James Edward Keeler (USA, 1857 – 1900)
*Johannes Kepler (Germany, 1571 – 1630)
*Omar Khayyám (Persia, 1048 – 1131)
*Al-Khujandi (Persia, 10th century)
*Khwarizmi, (Persia, 780 – 850)
*Kidinnu (Babylon, 4th century BC ; d. 330 BC?)
*Hisashi Kimura (Japan, 1870 –1943)
*Daniel Kirkwood (USA, 1814 – 1895)
*Ernst Friedrich Wilhelm Klinkerfues (Germany, 1827 – 1884)
*Viktor Knorre (Russia, 1840 – 1919)
*Takao Kobayashi (Japan)
*Luboš Kohoutek (1935 – )
*Zdeněk Kopal (Czech Republic, UK, USA, 1914 – 1993)
*August Kopff (Germany, 1882 – 1960)
*Korado Korlević (Croatia)
*Charles T. Kowal (USA, 1940 – )
*Robert Kraft
*Ľubor Kresák (Slovakia, 1927 – 1994)
*Gerard Kuiper (Netherlands, USA, 1905 – 1973)
*Yoshio Kushida (Japan, 1957 – )

L

*Nicolas Louis de Lacaille (France, 1713 – 1762)
*Claes-Ingvar Lagerkvist (Sweden)
*Joseph-Louis Lagrange (France, 1736 – 1813)
*Jérôme Lalande (France, 1732 – 1807)
*Johann Heinrich Lambert (France, Germany, 1728 – 1777)
*Samuel Pierpont Langley (USA, 1834 – 1906)
*Pierre-Simon Laplace (France, 1749 – 1827)
*William Lassell (UK, 1799 – 1880)
*A. Laurent (France)
*Henrietta Swan Leavitt (USA, 1868 – 1921)
*Typhoon Lee (USA and Taiwan)
*Guillaume Le Gentil (France, 1725 – 1792)
*Georges Lemaître (Belgium, 1894 – 1966)
*Pierre Lemonnier (France, 1715 – 1799)
*Armin Leuschner (Germany, 1868 – 1953)
*Urbain Le Verrier (France, 1811 – 1877)
*David Levy (Canada)
*Li Fan (China, fl. 1st century AD)
*Bertil Lindblad (Sweden, 1895 – 1965)
*Adolph Friedrich Lindemann (Germany/UK, 1846 – 1927)
*Chris Lintott (United Kingdom, 1980 – )
*Joseph Johann Littrow (Austria, 1781 – 1840)
*Karl L. Littrow (Austria, 1811 – 1877)
*Liu Xin (China, fl. 1st century AD)
*Joseph Lockyer (UK, 1836 – 1920)
*Maurice Loewy (Austria/France, 1833 – 1907)
*Christian Sørensen Longomontanus (Denmark, 1562 – 1647)
*Percival Lowell (USA, 1855 – 1916)
*Àngel López (Spain)
*Álvaro López-García (Spain)
*John William Lubbock (UK, 1803 – 1865)
*Knut Lundmark (Sweden, 1889 – 1958)
*Robert Luther (Germany, 1822 – 1900)
*Lupitus of Barcelona (Spain)
*Jane Luu (South Vietnam, USA 1965 – )
*Willem Luyten (Dutch East Indies, Netherlands, 1899 – 1994)
*Donald Lynden-Bell (UK, 1935 – )
*Bernard Lyot (France, 1897 – 1952)

M

*Ma Yize (China, 910 – 1005)
*Adriaan van Maanen (USA, 1884 – 1946)
*George Parker, 2nd Earl of Macclesfield (UK, c. 1697 – 1764)
*Amy Mainzer (USA)
*Geoff Marcy (UK, USA, 1954 – )
*Simon Marius (Germany, 1573 – 1624)
*Brian Marsden (USA, 1937 – )
*Albert Marth (Germany, 1828 – 1897)
*Nevil Maskelyne (UK, 1732 – 1811)
*Charles Mason (UK, USA, 1730 – 1787)
*John C. Mather (USA, 1946 – )
*Janet Akyüz Mattei (Turkey/USA, 1943 – 2004)
*Edward Walter Maunder (UK, 1851 – 1928)
*Pierre Louis Maupertuis (France, 1698 – 1759)
*Alain Maury (France)
*Brian May (UK, 1947 – ) astronomer and musician
*Cornell Mayer (USA, 1922 – 2005)
*Tobias Mayer (Germany, 1723 – 1762)
*Christopher McKee (USA, 1942 – )
*Robert S. McMillan (USA)
*William H. McCrea (UK, 1904 – 1999)
*Bruce A. McIntosh (Canada, 1929 – )
*Pierre Méchain (France, 1744 – 1804)
*Thebe Medupe (South Africa)
*Karen Jean Meech (USA)
*Aden Baker Meinel (USA, 1922 – )
*Fulvio Melia (USA, 1956 – )
*Philibert Jacques Melotte (UK, 1880 – 1961)
*Paul Willard Merrill (USA, 1887 – 1961)
*Charles Messier (France, 1730 – 1817)
*Joel Hastings Metcalf (USA, 1866 – 1925)
*Andreas Gerasimos Michalitsianos (USA, 1947 – 1997)
*John Michell (UK, 1724 – 1793)
*Elia Millosevich (Italy, 1848 – 1919)
*Edward Arthur Milne (UK, 1896 – 1950)
*Rudolph Minkowski (Germany, 1895 – 1976)
*Marcel Gilles Jozef Minnaert (Belgium, Netherlands, 1893 – 1970)
*Maria Mitchell (USA, 1818 – 1889)
*August Ferdinand Möbius (Germany, 1790 – 1868)
*Johan Maurits Mohr (Netherlands, 1716 – 1775)
*Samuel Molyneux (UK, 1689 – 1728 astronomer and politician)
*Geminiano Montanari (Italy, 1633 – 1687)
*Patrick Moore (UK, 1923 – )
*William Wilson Morgan (USA, 1906 – 1994)
*Amédée Mouchez (France, 1821 – 1892)
*Antonín Mrkos (Czech Republic, 1918 – 1996)
*Jean Mueller (USA, 1950 – )
*Johannes Müller (Germany, 1436 – 1476)
*bin Musa, Ahmad, (Persia, 805 - 873)
*bin Musa, Hasan, (Persia, 810 - 873)
*bin Musa, Muhammad, (Persia, (800 - 873)
*Nils Mustelin (Finland, 1931 – 2004)

N

*Naburimannu (Babylonia, sometime between 6th century BC and 2nd century BC)
*Ahmad Nahavandi (Persia, 7th-8th century)
*Syuichi Nakano (Japan)
*Jayant Narlikar (India, 1938 – )
*Naubakht (Persia, d. 776)
*Al-fadl ibn Naubakht (Persia, 8th century)
*Otto Neugebauer (Germany, USA, 1899 – 1990)
*Grigoriy Nikolaevich Neujmin (Russia, 1886 – 1946)
*Simon Newcomb (USA, 1835 – 1909)
*Isaac Newton (UK, 1643 – 1727)
*Seth Barnes Nicholson (USA, 1891 – 1963)
*Albertus Antonie Nijland (Netherlands, 1868 – 1936)
*Peter Nilson (Sweden, 1937 – 1998)
*Houei Nojiri (Japan, 1885 – 1977) astronomer and essayist
*Jaime Nomen (Spain)

O

*Knut Jørgen Røed Ødegaard (Norway,1966 – )
*Tarmo Oja (Sweden)
*Heinrich Wilhelm Matthäus Olbers (Germany, 1758 – 1840)
*Gerard O'Neill (USA,1927 – 1992)
*Jan Hendrik Oort (Netherlands, 1900 – 1992)
*Pieter Oosterhoff (Netherlands, 1904 – 1978)
*Friedrich Wilhelm Opelt (Germany, 1794 – 1863)
*Ernst Öpik (Estonia, Ireland, 1893 – 1985)
*José Luis Ortiz Moreno (Spain)
*Donald Edward Osterbrock, USA, 1924 – )
*Liisi Oterma (Finland, 1915 – 2001)
*Jean Abraham Chrétien Oudemans (Netherlands, 1827 – 1906)

P

*Rafael Pacheco (Spain)
*Bohdan Paczynski, (Poland, 1940 – 2007)
*Ľudmila Pajdušáková (Slovakia, 1916 – 1979)
*Johann Palisa, (Austria, 1848 – 1925)
*Johann Palitzsch, (Germany, 1723 – 1788)
*Anton Pannekoek (Netherlands, 1873 – 1960)
*Eugene Parker (USA, 1927 – )
*George Parker, 2nd Earl of Macclesfield (UK, c. 1697 – 1764)
*William Parsons, Lord Rosse (Ireland, 1800 – 1867)
*André Patry (France, 1902 – 1960)
*Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin (UK, USA, 1900 – 1979)
*James Peebles (Canada, USA, 1935 – )
*Leslie Copus Peltier (USA, 1900 – 1980)
*Roger Penrose (UK, 1931 – )
*Arno Penzias (Germany, 1933 – )
*Charles Dillon Perrine (USA, Argentina, 1867 – 1951)
*Henri Joseph Anastase Perrotin (France, 1845 – 1904)
*Christian Heinrich Friedrich Peters (Germany, USA, 1813 – 1890)
*George Henry Peters (USA, 1863 – 1947)
*Mark M. Phillips, {USA, 1951)
*Giuseppe Piazzi (Italy, 1746 – 1826)
*Edward Charles Pickering (USA, 1846 – 1919)
*William Henry Pickering (USA, 1858 – 1938)
*Maynard Pittendreigh (USA, 1954 – )
*Philip Plait (USA)
*Giovanni Antonio Amedeo Plana (Italy, 1781 – 1864)
*Petrus Plancius (Netherlands, 1552 – 1622)
*John Stanley Plaskett (Canada, 1865 – 1941)
*Norman Robert Pogson, (UK, 1829 – 1891)
*Christian Pollas, (France)
*John Pond (England, 1767 – 1836)
*Jean-Louis Pons (France, 1761 – 1831)
*Vladimír Porubčan (Slovakia, 1940 – )
*Charles Pritchard (UK, 1808 – 1893)
*Richard Proctor (England, 1837 – 1888)
*Ptolemy of Alexandria (Roman Egypt, circa 85 – 165)
*Pierre Puiseux (France, 1855 – 1928)
*Georg Purbach (Germany, 1423 – 1461)
*Pythagoras of Samos, circa 580 [BeforSamos, circa 580 BC – 500 BC)

Q

*Adolphe Quetelet (Belgium, 1796 – 1874)

R

*Radhagobinda Chandra
*David Lincoln Rabinowitz (USA, 1960 – )
*Grote Reber (USA, 1911 – 2002)
*Martin Rees (UK, 1942 – )
*Regiomontanus (Johannes Müller) (Germany, 1436 – 1476)
*Erasmus Reinhold (Prussia, Germany, 1511 – 1553)
*Karl Reinmuth (Germany, 1892 – 1979)
*Pieter Johannes van Rhijn (Netherlands, 1886 – 1960)
*Giovanni Battista Riccioli (Italy, 1598 – 1671)
*Jean Richer (France, 1630 – 1696)
*Fernand Rigaux (Belgium)
*David Rittenhouse (USA, 1732 – 1796)
*Arjen Roelofs (Netherlands, 1754 – 1824)
*Elizabeth Roemer (USA, 1929 – )
*Ole Christensen Rømer (Denmark, 1644 – 1710)
*Otto A. Rosenberger (Germany, 1800 – 1890)
*Lord Rosse (Ireland, 1800 – 1867)
*Bruno Rossi (Italy, 1905 – 1993)
*Vera Rubin (USA, 1928 – )
*Henry Norris Russell (USA, 1877 – 1957)
*Martin Ryle (UK, 1918 – 1984)

*Sir Edward Sabine (Ireland, 1788 – 1883)
*Carl Edward Sagan (USA, 1934 – 1996)
*Megh Nad Saha (Bangladesh/India, 1893 – 1956)
*Edwin Ernest Salpeter (Austria, Australia, USA, 1924 – )
*Allan Rex Sandage (USA, 1926 – )
*Hendricus Gerardus van de Sande Bakhuyzen (Netherlands, 1838 – 1923)
*Wallace Leslie William Sargent (UK, USA, 1935 – m. to Anneila Sargent)
*Anneila Sargent (UK, USA, 1942 – m. to Wallace Leslie William Sargent)
*Alexandre Schaumasse (France, 1882 – 1958)
*Giovanni Virginio Schiaparelli (Italy, 1835 – 1910)
*Frank Schlesinger (USA, 1871 – 1943)
*Bernhard Schmidt (Estonia, Sweden, Germany, 1879 – 1935)
*Maarten Schmidt (Netherlands, 1929 – )
*Johann Hieronymus Schröter (Germany, 1745 – 1816)
*Lipót Schulhof (Hungary, 1847 – 1921)
*Heinrich Christian Schumacher (Germany, 1780 – 1850)
*Hans-Emil Schuster (Germany, 1934 – )
*Samuel Heinrich Schwabe (Germany, 1789 – 1875)
*Karl Schwarzschild (Germany, 1873 – 1916)
*Martin Schwarzschild (Germany, USA, 1912 – 1997)
*Friedrich Karl Arnold Schwassmann (Germany, 1870 – 1964)
*Ruby Payne Scott (Australia, 1912 – 1981)
*James Vernon Scotti (USA, 1960 – )
*Frederick Hanley Seares (USA, 1873 – 1964)
*George Mary Searle (USA, 1839 – 1918)
*Angelo Secchi (Italy, 1818 – 1878)
*Waltraut Seitter (Germany, 1930 – 2007)
*Tsutomu Seki (Japan, 1930 – )
*Carl Keenan Seyfert (USA, 1911 – 1960)
*Grigory Abramovich Shajn (Russia, 1892 – 1956)
*Pelageya Fedorovna Shajn (Russia, 1894 – 1956)
*Harlow Shapley (USA, 1885 – 1972)
*Richard Sheepshanks (UK, 1794 – 1855)
*Shen Kuo, China, 1031 – 1035
*Shi Shen (China, fl. 4th century BC)
*Qutb eddin Shirazi (Persia, 1236 – 1311)
*Iosif Samuilovich Shklovsky (Russia, 1916 – 1985)
*Carolyn Jean Spellmann Shoemaker (USA, 1929 – )
*Eugene Merle Shoemaker (USA, 1928 – 1997)
*Willem de Sitter (Netherlands, 1872 – 1934)
*Charlotte Moore Sitterly (USA, 1898 – 1990)
*Brian A. Skiff (USA)
*John Francis Skjellerup (Australia, South Africa, 1875 – 1952)
*Vesto Melvin Slipher (USA, 1875 – 1969)
*Tamara Mikhaylovna Smirnova (Russia, 1918 – )
*George Smoot (USA, 1945 –)
*William Henry Smyth (UK, 1788 – 1865)
*Willebrord Snel van Royen (Snellius) (Netherlands, 1580 – 1626)
*Mary Fairfax Somerville (UK, 1780 – 1872)
*Sir James South (UK, (1785 – 1867)
*Sir Harold Spencer Jones (UK, 1890 – 1960)
*Lyman Spitzer (USA, 1914 – 1997)
*Friederich Wilhelm Gustav Spörer (Germany, 1822 – 1895)
*Anton Staus (Germany, 1872 – 1955)
*Joel Stebbins, (USA, 1878 – 1966)
*Johan Stein, (Netherlands, 1871 – 1951)
*Karl August von Steinheil, (Germany, 1801 – 1870)
*Édouard Jean-Marie Stephan, (France, 1837 – 1923)
*David J. Stevenson, (New Zealand, 1948 – )
*Edward James Stone, (1831 – 1897)
*F.J.M. Stratton (UK, 1881 – 1960)
*Bengt Georg Daniel Strömgren, (Denmark, 1908 – 1987)
*Friedrich Georg Wilhelm (von) Struve (Germany, Russia, 1793 – 1864)
*Karl Hermann Struve (Russia, Germany, 1854 – 1920)
*Gustav Wilhelm Ludwig Struve (Russia, 1858 – 1920)
*Otto Struve (Russia, USA, 1897 – 1963)
*Otto Wilhelm (von) Struve (Russia, 1819 – 1905)
*Su Song (China, 1020 – 1101)
*Abd Al-Rahman Al Sufi (Persia, 903 – 986)
*Rashid Alievich Sunyaev (Uzbekistan Russia Germany, 1943 – )
*Lewis A. Swift (USA, 1820 – 1913)
*Frédéric Sy (France)
*Gyula M. Szabó (Hungary, 1979 )

T

*Atsushi Takahashi (Japan)
*Joseph Hooton Taylor Jr. (USA, 1941 – )
*Ernst Wilhelm Leberecht Tempel, (Germany, 1821 – 1889)
*Thabit ibn Qurra (Iraq, 826 – 901)
*Thorvald Nicolai Thiele (Denmark, 1838 – 1910)
*Norman G. Thomas (USA)
*John Thome ((USA, Argentina, 1843 – 1908)
*Kip Stephen Thorne (USA, 1940 – )
*Friedrich Tietjen (Germany, 1834 – 1895)
*Beatrice Muriel Hill Tinsley (USA, 1941 – 1981)
*François Félix Tisserand (France, 1845 – 1896)
*Johann Daniel Titius (Germany, 1729 – 1796)
*Clyde W. Tombaugh (USA, 1906 – 1997)
*Richard Tousey (USA, 1908 – 1997)
*Virginia Trimble (USA)
*Chad Trujillo (USA, 1973 – )
*Robert Julius Trumpler (USA, 1886 – 1956)
*R. Brent Tully (USA)
*Herbert Hall Turner (England, 1861 – 1930)
*Nasir al-Din Tusi (Persia, 1201 – 1274)
*Horace Parnell Tuttle (USA, 1839 – 1923)
*Neil deGrasse Tyson (USA, 1958 – )

U

*Ulugh Beg (Persia, 1394 – 1449)
*Antonio de Ulloa (Spain), (1716-1795)
*Albrecht Unsöld (Germany, 1905 – 1995)
*Mu’ayyad al-Din al-’Urdi (worked in Maragha observatory, Persia d. 1266}

V

*Yrjö Väisälä (Finland, 1891 – 1971)
*Benjamin Valz (France, 1787 – 1867)
*James Van Allen (USA, 1914 – 2006)
*George Van Biesbroeck (Belgium, USA, 1880 – 1974)
*Hendrik Christoffel van de Hulst (Netherlands, 1918 – 2000)
*Peter van de Kamp (USA, 1901 – 1995)
*Sidney van den Bergh (Canada, 1929 – )
*Martin van den Hove (Netherlands, 1605 – 1639)
*Hendricus Gerardus van de Sande Bakhuyzen (Netherlands, 1838 – 1923)
*Hendrik van Gent (Netherlands, South Africa, (1900 – March 29, 1947)
*Cornelis Johannes van Houten (Netherlands, 1920 – August 24 2002)
*Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld (Netherlands)
*Pieter Johannes van Rhijn (Netherlands, 1886 – August 24 1960)
*Gérard de Vaucouleurs (France, USA, 1918 – 1995)
*Zdeňka Vávrová (Czech Republic or Slovakia)
*Philippe Véron (France, 1939 – )
*Frank Washington Very (USA, 1852 – 1927)
*Yvon Villarceau (France, 1813 – 1883)
*Julie Vinter Hansen (Denmark), 1890 – 1960)
*Hermann Carl Vogel (Germany, 1841 – 1907)
*Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve (Germany, Russia, 1793 – 1864)
*Otto Wilhelm von Struve (Russia, 1819 – 1905)
*Alexander N. Vyssotsky (Russia USA, 1888 – 1973 )
*Emma Vyssotsky (USA, 1894 – 1975)

W

*Arno Arthur Wachmann (Germany, 1902 – 1990)
*Abul Wáfa (Persia, 940 – 997-8)
*Walcher of Malvern (England, d. 1135)
*George Wallerstein (1930 – )
*William Wales (UK, ca. 1734 - 1798), astronomer on Captain Cook's second voyage to the Pacific and later teacher at Christ's hospital. Possibly an inspiration for Coleridge's "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner"
*Qingde Wang (USA, China)
*James Craig Watson (USA, 1838 – 1880)
*Kim Weaver (USA, 1969 – )
*Thomas William Webb (UK, 1807 – 1885)
*Alfred Lothar Wegener (Germany, 1880 – 1930), astronomer, geologist, meteorologist
*Gary A. Wegner (USA, 1944 – )
*Wei Pu (China, fl. 11th century)
*Karl von Weizsäcker (Germany, 1912 – 2007)
*Godefroy Wendelin (Belgium, 1580 – 1667)
*Richard M. West (Denmark, 1942 – )
*J. G. Westphal (Germany)
*Johann Heinrich Westphal (Germany, Italy, 1794 – 1831)
*George Wetherill (1925 – 2006)
*John Archibald Wheeler (USA, 1911 – )
*Fred Lawrence Whipple (USA, 1906 – 2004)
*Albert Whitford (USA, 1905 – 2002)
*Chandra Wickramasinghe (UK, 1939 – )
*Paul Wild (Switzerland)
*Olin C. Wilson (USA, 1909 – 1994)
*Robert Wilson (USA, 1936 – )
*John Winthrop (Massachusetts Bay Colony, 1714 – 1779)
*Friedrich August Theodor Winnecke (Germany, 1835 – 1897)
*Carl Wirtanen (USA, 1910 – 1990)
*Jack Wisdom (USA)
*Gustav Witt (Germany, 1866 – 1946)
*Maximilian Wolf (Germany, 1863 – 1932)
*Aleksander Wolszczan (Poland, 1946 – )
*Richard van der Riet Woolley (UK, 1906 – 1986)
*Thomas Wright (UK, 1711 – 1786)

Y

*Issei Yamamoto (Japan, 1889 – 1959)
*Yi Xing (China, 683 – 727)
*Charles Augustus Young (USA, 1834 – 1908)
*James Whitney Young (USA, 1941 – )

Z

*Franz Xaver von Zach (Germany, 1753 – 1832)
*Abraham Zacuto (Spain/Portugal, 1450 – 1510)
*Yakov Borisovich Zel'dovich (USSR, 1914 – 1987)
*Zhang Daqing (China, 1969 – )
*Zhang Heng (China, 78 – 139)
*Zhang Yuzhe (China, 1902 – 1986)
*Lyudmila Vasil'evna Zhuravleva (Russia/Ukraine, ? – )
*Zu Chongzhi, (425 – 500)
*Fritz Zwicky (Switzerland, USA, 1898 – 1974)

Others

Other scientists whose work had an impact on astronomy and astrophysics

*Hans Bethe (physicist) (1906 – 2005)
*Niels Bohr (physicist) (1885 – 1962)
*Freeman Dyson (physicist) (1923 – )
*Albert Einstein (physicist) (1879 – 1955)
*James Clerk Maxwell (physicist) (United Kingdom, 1831 – 1879)
*Thomas Young (physicist) (United Kingdom, 1773 – 1829)

Instrument makers, illustrators, etc.

*John Bird (1709 – 1776)
*Chesley Bonestell (1888 – 1986)
*Andreas Cellarius (cartographer) (Netherlands, Germany, 1596 – 1665)
*Thomas Cooke (1807 – 1868)
*Alvan Clark (1804 – 1887)
*John Dollond (1706 – 1761)
*Henry Fitz (1808 – 1863) [http://www.europa.com/~telscope/fitz.txt]
*James Gregory (1638 – 1675)
*Hans Lippershey (1570 - 1619)
*Jesse Ramsden (1735 – 1800)
*George Willis Ritchey (1864 – 1945)
*James Short (1710 – 1768)
*William Simms (1793 – 1860)
*William Simms (1817 – 1907)
*Edward Troughton (1756 – 1835)

References

* [http://astroinfo.port5.com The Great Astronomers]
* [http://www.astrosociety.org/education/resources/womenast_bib.html Astronomical Society of the Pacific: Women in Astronomy]

ee also

* List of astrophysicists
* List of astronomical instrument makers