Hormone-sensitive lipase

Lipase, hormone-sensitive, also known as LIPE, is a human gene.cite web | title = Entrez Gene: LIPE lipase, hormone-sensitive| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=3991| accessdate = ]

PBB_Summary
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summary_text = The protein encoded by this gene has a long and a short form, generated by use of alternative translational start codons. The long form is expressed in steroidogenic tissues such as testis, where it converts cholesteryl esters to free cholesterol for steroid hormone production. The short form is expressed in adipose tissue, among others, where it hydrolyzes stored triglycerides to free fatty acids.cite web | title = Entrez Gene: LIPE lipase, hormone-sensitive| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=3991| accessdate = ]

Hormone-sensitive lipase is a protein found in the cytosol and on the lipid droplet of adipocytes.

Function

It functions to hydrolyze triacylglycerols from the lipid droplet, freeing fatty acids and glycerols.

It is active when the body needs to mobilise energy stores, and so responds positively to glucagon and negatively to insulin.

Activation

It may be activated by two mechanisms.

* In the first, it is phosphorylated by perilipin A, causing it to move to the surface of the lipid droplet, where it may begin hydrolyzing the lipid droplet.

* Alternately, it may be activated by a cAMP-dependent protein kinase. This pathway is significantly less effective than the first, which is necessary to lipid mobilization in response to cyclic AMP, which itself is provided by beta adrenergic stimulation or the glucagon receptor.

References

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Further reading

PBB_Further_reading
citations =
*cite journal | author=Kraemer FB, Shen WJ |title=Hormone-sensitive lipase: control of intracellular tri-(di-)acylglycerol and cholesteryl ester hydrolysis. |journal=J. Lipid Res. |volume=43 |issue= 10 |pages= 1585–94 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12364542 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Langfort J, Donsmark M, Ploug T, "et al." |title=Hormone-sensitive lipase in skeletal muscle: regulatory mechanisms. |journal=Acta Physiol. Scand. |volume=178 |issue= 4 |pages= 397–403 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12864745 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Holm C |title=Molecular mechanisms regulating hormone-sensitive lipase and lipolysis. |journal=Biochem. Soc. Trans. |volume=31 |issue= Pt 6 |pages= 1120–4 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14641008 |doi= 10.1042/
*cite journal | author=Holm C, Kirchgessner TG, Svenson KL, "et al." |title=Hormone-sensitive lipase: sequence, expression, and chromosomal localization to 19 cent-q13.3. |journal=Science |volume=241 |issue= 4872 |pages= 1503–6 |year= 1988 |pmid= 3420405 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Levitt RC, Liu Z, Nouri N, "et al." |title=Mapping of the gene for hormone sensitive lipase (LIPE) to chromosome 19q13.1-->q13.2. |journal=Cytogenet. Cell Genet. |volume=69 |issue= 3-4 |pages= 211–4 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7698015 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Langin D, Laurell H, Holst LS, "et al." |title=Gene organization and primary structure of human hormone-sensitive lipase: possible significance of a sequence homology with a lipase of Moraxella TA144, an antarctic bacterium. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=90 |issue= 11 |pages= 4897–901 |year= 1993 |pmid= 8506334 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Holst LS, Langin D, Mulder H, "et al." |title=Molecular cloning, genomic organization, and expression of a testicular isoform of hormone-sensitive lipase. |journal=Genomics |volume=35 |issue= 3 |pages= 441–7 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8812477 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Anthonsen MW, Rönnstrand L, Wernstedt C, "et al." |title=Identification of novel phosphorylation sites in hormone-sensitive lipase that are phosphorylated in response to isoproterenol and govern activation properties in vitro. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=273 |issue= 1 |pages= 215–21 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9417067 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Shen WJ, Sridhar K, Bernlohr DA, Kraemer FB |title=Interaction of rat hormone-sensitive lipase with adipocyte lipid-binding protein. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=96 |issue= 10 |pages= 5528–32 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10318917 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Syu LJ, Saltiel AR |title=Lipotransin: a novel docking protein for hormone-sensitive lipase. |journal=Mol. Cell |volume=4 |issue= 1 |pages= 109–15 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10445032 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Shen WJ, Patel S, Hong R, Kraemer FB |title=Hormone-sensitive lipase functions as an oligomer. |journal=Biochemistry |volume=39 |issue= 9 |pages= 2392–8 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10694408 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Johnson WJ, Jang SY, Bernard DW |title=Hormone sensitive lipase mRNA in both monocyte and macrophage forms of the human THP-1 cell line. |journal=Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B, Biochem. Mol. Biol. |volume=126 |issue= 4 |pages= 543–52 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11026666 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Laurin NN, Wang SP, Mitchell GA |title=The hormone-sensitive lipase gene is transcribed from at least five alternative first exons in mouse adipose tissue. |journal=Mamm. Genome |volume=11 |issue= 11 |pages= 972–8 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11063252 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Greenberg AS, Shen WJ, Muliro K, "et al." |title=Stimulation of lipolysis and hormone-sensitive lipase via the extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=276 |issue= 48 |pages= 45456–61 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11581251 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M104436200
*cite journal | author=Talmud PJ, Palmen J, Luan J, "et al." |title=Variation in the promoter of the human hormone sensitive lipase gene shows gender specific effects on insulin and lipid levels: results from the Ely study. |journal=Biochim. Biophys. Acta |volume=1537 |issue= 3 |pages= 239–44 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11731226 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Kolehmainen M, Vidal H, Ohisalo JJ, "et al." |title=Hormone sensitive lipase expression and adipose tissue metabolism show gender difference in obese subjects after weight loss. |journal=Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. |volume=26 |issue= 1 |pages= 6–16 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11791141 |doi= 10.1038/sj.ijo.0801858
*cite journal | author=Smih F, Rouet P, Lucas S, "et al." |title=Transcriptional regulation of adipocyte hormone-sensitive lipase by glucose. |journal=Diabetes |volume=51 |issue= 2 |pages= 293–300 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11812735 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Mairal A, Melaine N, Laurell H, "et al." |title=Characterization of a novel testicular form of human hormone-sensitive lipase. |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=291 |issue= 2 |pages= 286–90 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11846402 |doi= 10.1006/bbrc.2002.6427
*cite journal | author=Ylitalo K, Nuotio I, Viikari J, "et al." |title=C3, hormone-sensitive lipase, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma expression in adipose tissue of familial combined hyperlipidemia patients. |journal=Metab. Clin. Exp. |volume=51 |issue= 5 |pages= 664–70 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11979403 |doi=

External links

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