Transportation in Argentina

Transportation in Argentina is mainly based on a complex network of routes, crossed by relatively inexpensive long-distance buses and by cargo trucks. The country also has a number of national and international airports. The importance of the long-distance train is minor today, though in the past it was widely used. Fluvial transport is mostly used for cargo.Within the urban areas, the main transportation system is usually the bus or "colectivo"; bus lines transport millions of people every day in the larger cities and their metropolitan areas. Buenos Aires additionally has an underground, the only one in the country, and Greater Buenos Aires is serviced by a system of suburban trains.

Public transport

A majority of people employ public transport rather than personal cars to move around in the cities, especially in common business hours, since parking can be both difficult and expensive. Cycling is not very common in big cities, as there are few bicycle-paths, making it difficult to move with them other than in recreational areas.

Bus

The "Colectivo" (urban bus) cover the cities with numerous lines. Fares might be fixed for the whole city, or they might depend on the destination. "Colectivos" often cross municipal borders into the corresponding metropolitan areas. In some cases there are "diferenciales" (special services) which are faster, air-conditioned versions, and notably more expensive. Bus lines in a given city might be run by different private companies and/or by the municipal state, and they might be painted in different colours for easier identification. The quality of the service varies widely according to the city, line, and time of the day.

Taxi

Taxis are very common and relatively accessible price-wise. They have different colours and fares in different cities, though a highly contrasted black-and-yellow design is common to the largest conurbations. Call-taxi companies ("radio-taxis") are very common and safe; illegal taxis are common in big cities, and robberies have been reported in those cases. The "remisse" is another form of hired transport: they are very much like call-taxis, but do not share a common design, and trip fares are agreed beforehand, although there are often fixed prices for common destinations.

Commuter rail

Suburban trains connect Buenos Aires city with the Greater Buenos Aires area, "(see: Buenos Aires commuter rail network)". Every day more than 1.3 million people commute to the Argentine capital for work and other business. These suburban trains work between 4 AM and 1 AM. Many of the lines are electric, several are diesel powered, while some of these are currently being converted to electric. Trenes de Buenos Aires, UGOFE, Ferrovías and Metrovías are some of the private companies which provide suburban passenger services in the Buenos Aires metropolitan area.The only other city in Argentina with a system of suburban trains is Resistencia, the capital of Chaco Province. In Mendoza, there is a tram-train system being planned [ [http://www.railwaygazette.com/news_view/article/2006/09/5768/ba_to_test_lrt.html BA to test LRT] "Railway Gazette International" September 2006] .

Metro

As of 2008, Buenos Aires is the only Argentine city with an underground metro system, nonetheless there is a project to build a system in the city of Córdoba (Córdoba Metro) making it the second metro system in Argentina. At the Buenos Aires Metro most of its lines connect the city centre (Micro-centro) with areas in the outskirts. The Buenos Aires Metro (Subterráneo de Buenos Aires) has currently six lines, each labelled with a letter from A to H. A modern tram line (PreMetro) line E2 works as a fedeer of metro line E at their outer terminus as well as the Urquiza line U for metro line B in Chacarita. Daily ridership is 1.3 million and on the increase. As of 2008, extension of lines A, B, E and H are under construction [ [http://www.sbase.com.ar] Subterráneos de Buenos Aires S.E.] , and three additional lines (F, G, I) are planned.

Tram

Trams (streetcars), once common, were retired as public transportation in the 1960s but are now in the stages of a slow comeback.In 1987 a modern tram line was opened as a fedeer of the subway system. A modern light rail line between the Bartolomé Mitre suburban railway station and Tigre ("Tren de la Costa") inaugurated in 1996 operates in the northern suburbs. A 2 kilometre tram known as the Tranvía del Este (Eastern Tram) was inaugurated 2007 in the Puerto Madero district in Buenos Aires using French Citadis trams. [cite web |author=Atta, Carlos|year=2008|title=Francia quiere una red de tranvías en Buenos Aires |work=La Nación | There is a Heritage streetcar maintained by tram fans that operates on weekends, near the Primera Junta line A metro station at the Caballito neighbourhood. url=http://www.lanacion.com.ar/Archivo/nota.asp?nota_id=979883 |accessdate=2008-03-06 es icon]

Trolleybuses (buses powered by overhead electric wires) are operated in Córdoba, Mendoza and Rosario.

Road transport

Since Argentina is almost 4,000 kilometres long and more than 1,000 km wide, long distance transportation is of great importance. Several toll expressways spread out from Buenos Aires, serving nearly half the nation's population. The majority of Argentine roads, however, are two-lane national and provincial routes and, though they are spread throughout the country, less than a third of Argentina's 230,000 km (145,000 mi) [http://www.adefa.com.ar/anuarios/anuario_2006/] ] of roads are currently paved.

Though, by 1929, Argentina was already home to over 400,000 vehicles [ [http://www.cocheargentino.com.ar/varios/cronologia.htm Coche Argentino - Cronologia ] ] (more than half the total in Latin America, at the time) [The World Almanac (1929), p.327.] , vitually all long-distance travel was done on the nation's vast railways. Argentina, then, lacked a road-building program until 1932, when the National Highway Directorate was established. Paid for at first with an excise tax on gasoline, the bureau could claim some important accomplishments, like the 1951 opening of the 200km Santa Fe-Rosario expressway, Latin America's first. In all, however, progress on this front has been slow and the country's paved road network (70,000 km/45,000 mi) is today less than half of Brazil's and a third less than Mexico's.

Argentina is home to nearly 9 million registered cars, trucks and buses; [http://www.dnrpa.gov.ar/bolesta1/boletin1020/pagina11.htm] on a per capita basis, it has long had Latin America's widest accessibility to motor vehicles. [Encyclopedia Britannica Book of the Year, Statistical Appendix; various editions since 1948.] Left-lane drivers until 1945, Argentine motorists have since been driving on the right-hand side. Expressways have been recently doubled in length (to nearly 1600 km/1000 mi)http://www.grupopayne.com.ar/archivo/01/0112/011211/institucionales/institucionales.html] and now link most (though not all) important cities. The most important of these is probably the Panamerican National Route 9 Buenos Aires–Rosario–Córdoba freeway (the stretch between Rosario and Cordoba is under construction). In all, the Argentine road system, although extensive, does not cover the country entirely. The longest continuous highways are National Route 40, a 5000-km stretch along the Andes range and the 3000-km sea-side trunk road National Route 3, running from Buenos Aires to Ushuaia.

Long distance buses

Argentine long distance buses are fast, affordable and comfortable; they have become the primary means of long-distance travel since railway privatizations in the early 1990s greatly downsized Argentina's formerly ubiquitous passenger rail service. Competing providers differ little on their time-honored formula, offering three different services regarding the number of stops and type of seats: the "Regular", "Semi-cama" (semi-bed), and "Cama" (bed), with "Cama" being similar to an airline's business class. Some services have also on-board dining, while others stop at restaurants by the road. Long and middle-distance buses cover almost all paved-accessible cities, towns and villages.

Rail transport

Long-distance passenger services

Services on Argentina's passenger railway system, once extensive and prosperous, were greatly reduced in 1993 following the break-up of Ferrocarriles Argentinos (FA), the now-defunct state railroad corporation [ [http://www.railwaygazette.com/news_view/article/2007/08/7661/argentina_sets_a_new_course.html Argentina sets a new course] . "Railway Gazette International" August 2007.] .

Since that date, however, several private and provincial railway companies have been created and have resurrected some of the major passenger trains that FA once operated. The railroad network is, however, far smaller than it once was.

Trenes de Buenos Aires, Ferrocentral, Ferrobaires, and Tren Patagónico are some of the private companies which now manage Argentina's long distance passenger rail network.

High-speed rail

A high-speed rail between Buenos Aires, Rosario and Córdoba with speeds up to 320 km/h is in the design stages, construction will begin by early-2009 until the end of 2012 for the first segment to Rosario.

In 2007 bids were called for a turnkey contract for a second high speed line, linking Buenos Aires and Mendoza [cite news |title=Mendoza bids |url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/news_view/article/2007/08/7688/mendoza_bids.html |work=Railway Gazette International |date=2007-08-23 ] .

In February 2008 national government announced another call for bid, this time for construction of a high speed train linking Buenos Aires and Mar del Plata; The Mar del Plata TAVe. [cite news |title="Bullet train for Mar del plata" |url=http://www.clarin.com/diario/2008/02/08/elpais/p-01504.htm |date=2008-08-02 ] [ IRJSeptember 2007, p524 ]

Freight sevice

Over 25 million tons of freight were transported by rail in 2007. [ [http://www.mecon.gov.ar/actividad_ied.xls] ] Currently, five carriers operate freight rail services in Argentina:
* Nuevo Central Argentino
* Ferroexpreso Pampeano
* Ferrosur Roca
* América Latina Logística
* Belgrano Cargas

Tourist railways

A number of steam powered heritage railways (tourist trains) are in operation; the Old Patagonian Express (locally known as “La Trochita”) in Patagonia, the Train of the End of the World (Southern Fuegian Railway) in Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego and a short run Tren Histórico de Bariloche.

A diesel-electric Tren a las Nubes in the province of Salta runs from the city of Salta to San Antonio de los Cobres, (at present this service is being restored).

International rail links to adjacent countries

* Bolivia - 1000 mm gauge both countries.
* Brazil - break of gauge, 1435 mm gauge (Argentina)/1000 mm gauge (Brazil).
* Chile - IRJ of March 2005 reports construction started to build/restore South Trans-Andean Railway link between Zapala, Argentina and Lonquimay, Chile. 1676 mm gauge both countries. [ [http://www.iadb.org/biz/ppt/092305tuliod.pdf Initiative for Regional Infrastructure Integration in South America] ]
* Paraguay - RailGauge|ussg gauge both countries.
* Uruguay - 1435 mm gauge both countries.
* Transandine Railway between Mendoza and Valparaíso, now defunct, pending reconstruction. [ [http://www.seconstruye.com/webnoticia/asp/interior.asp?id=17067 En julio se licitará tren Los Andes - Mendoza] (Spanish)] This mountain railway of 1,000 mm (3 ft 3in) gauge with rack railway sections had a break of gauge RailGauge|66/1m at either end.

August 2008

On August 23, 2008, a deal was signed between Argentina, Brazil and Venezuela to develop an electified railway link between these countries. Aminor hurdle is the use of both 50 Hz and 60 Hz.

Air travel

Though expensive in comparison with the other means of transportation, air travel is becoming increasingly common. Every provincial capital has its own airport, and there are many others, specially in tourist areas such as Bariloche and El Calafate (see list of airports in Argentina). Most companies have several daily flights to the most popular destinations, and daily or less frequent flights to other destinations. Even though Buenos Aires is the most important flight hub, for both economical and geographical reasons, there are flights between important cities, such as Córdoba, Rosario and Mendoza. The national airline is "Aerolíneas Argentinas".

=Fluvial transport=

Fluvial transport is not often used for people, with the exception of those who cross the Río de la Plata from Buenos Aires to Colonia del Sacramento and Montevideo, both in Uruguay. Other services are exclusively used as river crossing, such as those in Tigre.

River traffic is mostly made up of cargo, especially on the Paraná River, which is navigable by very large ships (Panamax kind) downstream from the Greater Rosario area. This area produces and/or ships most of the agricultural exports of Argentina.

Merchant marine

Statistics

;Highways
*Total: 230,222 km
*Paved: 69,878 km [http://www.adefa.com.ar/anuarios/anuario_2006/7_datos_complementarios-complementary_data.pdf] (including 1,575 km of expressways)
*Unpaved: 151,881 km (1998)

;Waterways10,950 km navigable

;Pipelines
*Crude oil: 5,607 km
*Petroleum products: 3,052 km
*Natural gas: 28,657 km

;Ports and harbors

;AirportsTotal (including airstrips): 1,272 (2007)

References

See also

* Rail transport in Argentina