Mike Espy

Alphonso Michael (Mike) Espy
25th United States Secretary of Agriculture
In office January 22, 1993 – December 31, 1994
President	Bill Clinton
Preceded by	Edward Madigan
Succeeded by	Daniel Glickman
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Mississippi's 2nd district
In office January 3, 1987 – January 22, 1993
Preceded by	Webb Franklin
Succeeded by	Bennie Thompson
Personal details
Born	November 30, 1953 (1953-11-30) (age 57) Yazoo City, Mississippi
Political party	Democratic
Alma mater	Howard University, Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) Santa Clara University School of Law, Juris Doctor (J.D.)

Alphonso Michael "Mike" Espy (born November 30, 1953) is a former United States political figure. From 1987 to 1993, he served in the U.S. House of Representatives from Mississippi. He served as the Secretary of Agriculture from 1993 to 1994. He was the first African American Secretary of Agriculture. As of 2006, Mike Espy's son, who shares his name, is a professional football player, and is currently a free agent.

Early life

Espy was born in Yazoo City, Mississippi. He is the grandson of Thomas J. Huddleston, Sr., the founder of the Afro-American Sons and Daughters, a fraternal society that operated the Afro-American Hospital. The hospital was a leading provider of health care for blacks in the state from the 1920s until the 1970s.

He attended Howard University in Washington, D.C., majoring in law. Espy earned his Juris Doctor from the Santa Clara University School of Law in California in 1978. He was an attorney with Central Mississippi Legal Services between 1978 and 1980 and was later the assistant secretary of state to Mississippi Legal Services. Espy was the assistant secretary of the state's Public Lands Division from 1980 to 1984.

Political career

He became assistant state Attorney General from 1984 to 1985. Espy was then elected as a Democrat to the 100th Congress in 1986 and was re-elected to three succeeding Congresses, serving from January 3, 1987, until his resignation January 22, 1993, having been appointed Secretary of Agriculture in the Cabinet of President Bill Clinton. He served as Secretary of Agriculture in 1993–1994.

Espy crossed the partisan line to endorse Republican Mississippi Governor Haley Barbour in his re-election campaign in November 2007.^[1]

Trial and acquittal

On August 27, 1997, Espy was indicted on charges of receiving improper gifts, including sports tickets, lodging, and airfare. Espy refused to plea bargain and on December 2, 1998 he was acquitted of all 30 criminal charges in the trial. Independent Counsel Donald Smaltz presented more than 70 witnesses in the trial and spent more than $20 million preparing and trying the case.^[2]

The defense rested without calling witnesses, stating simply that the prosecution had not proved its case. The jury deliberated less than 10 hours before finding Espy not guilty on all charges. One of the jurors stated "This was the weakest, most bogus thing I ever saw. I can't believe Mr. Smaltz ever brought this to trial." At least four other jurors echoed this view, though with softer words.^[3]

During testimony before the jury, the prosecution's star witness told Smaltz in front of the jury: "God knows, if I had $30 million, I could find dirt on you, sir." [2] During the trial, Smaltz protested that the defense was injecting race into the trial in what he saw as an appeal to a mostly black jury. Barbara Bisoni, the only white juror, said Smaltz's case "had holes" and that race never entered into the two days of deliberations.^[3]

In December 1997, Tyson Foods Inc., the nation's largest poultry processor, pleaded guilty to giving Espy more than $12,000 in illegal gifts, and agreed to pay $6 million in fines and investigative expenses.

In a similar case to Tyson Foods, Sun-Diamond was fined $1.5 million for giving $6,000 in gifts to Espy. Sun-Diamond won a reversal at the Court of Appeals. Independent Counsel appealed to the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court, in affirming the decision of the Court of Appeals, found that the gratuities statute requires a link between a gift and an official act. Unable to make such a link, Independent Counsel dismissed the gratuities charge against Sun-Diamond. The unanimous opinion of the court, written by Justice Antonin Scalia, stated that the prosecutor's interpretation of the law was so broad that even a high school principal could be in legal trouble for giving a souvenir baseball cap to a visiting Secretary of Education.^[4]

The Sun-Diamond decision played a pivotal role in the later acquittal of Mike Espy because Independent Counsel was unable to link gifts received by Espy to any official act.

References

1. ^ [1]^{[dead link]}
2. ^ http://www.oic.gov/SMALTZ/FnlRpt.htm
3. ^ ^{a b} Espy Acquitted in Gifts Case. Washingtonpost.com (December 5, 1998). Retrieved on September 14, 2011.
4. ^ Supreme Court rules Sun Diamond Growers did not violate federal law in Espy case - April 27, 1999. Cnn.com (April 27, 1999). Retrieved on September 14, 2011.

• Phelps, Shirelle (editor), Who's Who Among African Americans, Gale Research, Detroit; London, 1998 (Eleventh Edition)

External links

• "OFFICE OF INDEPENDENT COUNSEL - Donald C. Smaltz." CyberCemetery - University of North Texas Libraries & U.S. Government Printing Office. Accessed January 3, 2009.
• Mike Espy at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress

United States House of Representatives
Preceded by Webb Franklin	Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Mississippi's 2nd congressional district 1987–1993	Succeeded by Bennie Thompson
Political offices
Preceded by Edward R. Madigan	United States Secretary of Agriculture Served under: Bill Clinton 1993–1994	Succeeded by Dan Glickman

Persondata
Name	Espy, Mike
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	November 30, 1953
Place of birth	Yazoo City, Mississippi
Date of death
Place of death