List of Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients

This is a list of well-known recipients of the Presidential Medal of Freedom, grouped by the aspect of life in which they are/were renowned.

Business and economics

*Edward J. DeBartolo, Sr.
*Gary Becker (2007)
*Edgar Bronfman, Sr. (1999)
*James E. Burke (2000)
*Peter Drucker (2002)
*Milton Friedman (1988)
*John Kenneth Galbraith (Twice, in 1946 from President Harry Truman and in 2000 from President Bill Clinton).
*Alan Greenspan
*Bryce Harlow
*Friedrich Hayek
*Estée Lauder (2004)
*David Rockefeller (1998)
*James W. Rouse (1995)
*Dave Thomas (2003, posthumously)
*Juan Trippe (1985, posthumously)
*Sam Walton
*Walter B. Wriston (2004)

Computing

*Vinton G. Cerf
*Robert E. Kahn
*Gordon E. Moore (2002)

Education

*Antonia Pantojas (1996)
* Rev. Theodore M. Hesburgh, C.S.C. (1964)

History

*Robert Conquest
*Ariel Durant and Will Durant (1977)
*John Hope Franklin (1995)
*Vartan Gregorian (2004)
*David McCullough
*Samuel Eliot Morison

Medicine

*Benjamin Carson (2008)
*Denton Cooley
*Michael DeBakey
*David Hamburg (1996)
*Donald Henderson (2002)
*Surgeon General C. Everett Koop (1995)
*Karl Menninger
*Arnall Patz (2004)
*Albert Sabin
*Jonas Salk

Philosophy

*Will Durant
*Sidney Hook

Science

*Apollo 11 Astronauts
**Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin
**Neil Armstrong
**Michael Collins
*Apollo 13 Astronauts
**Fred Haise
**Jim Lovell
**Jack Swigert
*Apollo 13 Mission Operations Team
*James D. Watson (1977)
*Rachel Carson (1980, posthumously)
*Francis Collins (2007)
*Jacques-Yves Cousteau (1985)
*Lewis Mumford (1964)
*Edward Teller (2003)
*Steve Bales
*Mathilde Krim (2000)
*Thomas Francis, Jr. (1946)

Sociology

*Robert Coles (1998)
*James Q. Wilson (2003)

Arts

Architecture

*Buckminster Fuller
*Ludwig Mies van der Rohe (1963)
*I.M. Pei

Art

*Norman Rockwell
*Georgia O'Keeffe
*Andrew Wyeth

Dance

*George Balanchine
*Martha Graham

Film

*Lucille Ball (1989, posthumously)
*James Cagney (1984)
*Bebe Daniels
*Doris Day (2004)
*Marlene Dietrich
*Walt Disney (1964)
*Kirk Douglas (1981)
*John Ford
*Samuel Goldwyn
*Helen Hayes
*Audrey Hepburn
*Charlton Heston (2003)
*Bob Hope (1969)
*Danny Kaye
*Carole Lombard (1942, posthumously)
*Rita Moreno (2004)
*Gregory Peck (1969)
*Martha Raye (1993)
*Jimmy Stewart
*Lew Wasserman (1995)
*John Wayne (1980, posthumously)

Literature

*Jacques Barzun (2003)
*T. S. Eliot
*Ralph Ellison
*Eric Hoffer
*Louis L'Amour
*Harper Lee (2007)
*James Michener
*Carl Sandburg
*John Steinbeck
*Elie Wiesel
*Thornton Wilder
*Edmund Wilson
*Tennessee Williams
*E.B. White

Music

*Marian Anderson
*Pearl Bailey
*Irving Berlin
*James "Eubie" Blake
*Pau Casals
*Van Cliburn (2003)
*Aaron Copland
*Plácido Domingo (2002)
*Duke Ellington (1969)
*Ella Fitzgerald
*Aretha Franklin
*B. B. King (2006)
*Vladimir Horowitz
*Frank Sinatra
*Kate Smith
*Isaac Stern

Photography

*Ansel Adams (1980)
*Edwin H. Land (1963)

Media

Journalism

*Robert L. Bartley (2004)
*Herbert L. Block (1994)
*William F. Buckley, Jr.
*Walter Cronkite
*Katharine Graham (2002)
*John H. Johnson (1996)
*Paul Johnson
*Edward R. Murrow
*A. M. Rosenthal (2002)
*William Safire

Radio

*Paul Harvey
*Lowell Thomas

Television

*Lucille Ball
*David Brinkley
*Carol Burnett
*Johnny Carson
*Peggy Charren (1995)
*Julia Child (2003)
*Joan Ganz Cooney (1995)
*Bill Cosby (2002)
*Andy Griffith
*Brian Lamb (2007)
*Fred Rogers (2002)

Philanthropy

*Brooke Astor (1998)
*Zachary Fisher
*Eugene Lang (1996)

Politics and government

Activists

*Arnold Aronson (1998)
*Oscar Elias Biscet (2007)
*César Chávez (1994)
*Justin Whitlock Dart, Jr. (1998)
*Evelyn Dubrow (1999)
*Marian Wright Edelman (2000)
*James L. Farmer, Jr. (1998)
*Dorothy Height (1994)
*George G. Higgins (2000)
*Benjamin Hooks (2007)
*Jesse Jackson (2000)
*Millie jeffrey (2000)
*Helen Keller
*Martin Luther King, Jr.(posthumously)
*Fred Korematsu (1998)
*Roger Nash Baldwin
*Mario G. Obledo (1998)
*Rosa Parks (1996)
*Ginetta Sagan (1996)
*Natan Sharansky
*Lech Wałęsa
*Andrew Young

Diplomacy

*John P. Davies
*George F. Kennan
*Jeane Kirkpatrick
*Sol M. Linowitz (1998)
*Gerard C. Smith
*Robert Schwarz Strauss

Environmentalism

*Rachel Carson
*Marjory Stoneman Douglas (1993)
*Gilbert Melville Grosvenor (2004)
*Margaret Murie (1998)
*Roger Tory Peterson
*Edgar Wayburn (1999)

Espionage

*Moe Berg [Although Berg was better-known as a baseball player, he was awarded the medal for his espionage activities during World War II. He turned down the medal during his lifetime; it was re-awarded after his death, with his sister accepting on his behalf.]
*Whittaker Chambers (1984)
*William Stephenson (1946)
*George Tenet
*Claire Phillips
*Andrée de Jongh
*Nancy Wake
*Henry Rigby (1947)

Foreign heads of state or government

*Don Luis A. Ferré
*Václav Havel (2003)
*Chancellor of Germany Helmut Kohl (1999)
*Nelson Mandela (2002)
*Wilma Mankiller (1998)
*Luis Muñoz Marín
*Margaret Thatcher
*Pope John XXIII
*Pope John Paul II (2004)
*Ellen Johnson Sirleaf (2007)

Law

*A. Leon Higginbotham, Jr. (1995)
*Oliver White Hill (1999)
*Frank Minis Johnson (1995)
*Joseph L. Rauh, Jr (1993)
*Cruz Reynoso (2000)
*John Minor Wisdom (1993)

Supreme Court Justice

*Associate Justice William J. Brennan, Jr. (1993)
*Chief Justice Warren E. Burger
*Associate Justice Felix Frankfurter
*Associate Justice Thurgood Marshall (1993)
*Chief Justice Earl Warren
*Associate Justice Byron White (2003)
*Chief Justice of Pakistan Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry (2007)

Military

*Michael V. Bhatia
*Omar Bradley
*Andrew Berry (1946)
*General Wesley Clark (2000)
*Admiral William J. Crowe (2000)
*Jimmy Doolittle
*Tommy Franks
*Andrew Goodpaster (1961: military); (1984: international affairs)
*General Lyman Lemnitzer (1987)
*Richard B. Myers
*Jan Nowak-Jeziorański (1996)
*Peter Pace (2008)
*Colin Powell (1993)
*Hyman Rickover
*H. Norman Schwarzkopf
*General John Shalikashvili (1997)
*John Paul Vann
*Nancy Wake
*Chuck Yeager
*Chief of Naval Operations Elmo R. Zumwalt Jr. (1998)

U.S. Cabinet members

*Dean Acheson
*James Baker
*Zbigniew Brzezinski
*Warren Christopher
*Secretary of Transportation William T. Coleman, Jr. (1995)
*C. Douglas Dillon
*Henry Kissinger
*Robert S. McNamara (1968)
*Norman Mineta
*Secretary of Defense William Perry (1997)
*Colin Powell (twice)
*Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare, Defense, Commerce, Attorney General Elliot Richardson (1998)
*Donald Rumsfeld
*Donna Shalala
*Caspar Weinberger
*Melvin Laird

U.S. First Ladies

*Lady Bird Johnson (1977) [ [http://www.lbjlib.utexas.edu/johnson/archives.hom/biographys.hom/ladybird_bio.asp Lady Bird Johnson Biography ] ]
*Rosalynn Carter (1999)
*Nancy Reagan (2002)

U.S. members of Congress

*Senator Lloyd M. Bentsen (1999)
*Senator Edward W. Brooke (2004)
*Senator John H. Chafee (2000)
*Senator Bob Dole (1997)
*Representative Dante B. Fascell (1998)
*Senator William Fulbright (1993)
*Senator Barry Goldwater
*Representative Henry Hyde (2007)
*Senator Henry M. Jackson
*Representative Barbara Jordan (1994)
*Representative Clare Boothe Luce (1983)
*Senator George McGovern (2000)
*Representative Robert H. Michel (1994)
*Senator George J. Mitchell (1999)
*Representative G. V. (Sonny) Montgomery
*Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan (2000)
*Senator Gaylord Nelson (1995)
*Representative Tip O'Neill
*Senator Margaret Chase Smith
*Senator Strom Thurmond
*Representative Mo Udall (1996)
*Representative Carl Vinson

U.S. presidents

*35th President John F. Kennedy (1963, posthumously) [ [http://www.jfklibrary.org/Historical+Resources/Archives/Reference+Desk/Presidential+Medal+of+Freedom.htm Presidential Medal of Freedom - John F. Kennedy Presidential Library & Museum ] ]
*36th President Lyndon B. Johnson (1980, posthumously) [ [http://www.medaloffreedom.com/LyndonBainesJohnson.htm Presidential Medal of Freedom Recipient President Lyndon Baines Johnson ] ]
*38th President Gerald Ford (1999)
*39th President Jimmy Carter (1999)
*40th President Ronald Reagan (1993) [ [http://www.medaloffreedom.com/RonaldReagan.htm Presidential Medal of Freedom Recipient President Ronald W. Reagan, 40th President of the United States ] ]

U.S. Vice Presidents

*Dick Cheney, as Secretary of Defense during first Persian Gulf War in 1990-1991
*Hubert Humphrey
*Nelson Rockefeller

Other political figures

*James Brady (1996)
*Paul Bremer
*Homer Morrison Byington (1946)
*Arthur Flemming (1994)
*James P. Grant (1994)
*Max Kampelman (1999)
*Irving Kristol (2002)
*Jean Monnet, statesman of the world, 1963
*Paul Nitze
*Norman Podhoretz (2004)
*Albert Shanker (1998)
*Sargent Shriver (1994)
*Simon Wiesenthal (2000)
*Aung San Suu Kyi (2000)
*Whitney Young
*Ella T. Grasso

Religion

*Walter Hubert Baddeley
*Joseph Cardinal Bernardin (1996)
*Horacio de la Costa (1946)
*Sor Isolina Ferré (1999)
*Billy Graham
*Gordon B. Hinckley (2004)
*Norman Vincent Peale
*Gardner C. Taylor (2000)
*Mother Teresa
*Archbishop Iakovos of America

Sports

*Hank Aaron (2002)
*Muhammad Ali
*Arthur Ashe (1993)
*Earl Blaik
*Paul "Bear" Bryant
*Roberto Clemente (2003, posthumously)
*Joe DiMaggio
*Jack Nicklaus
*Jesse Owens
*Buck O'Neil
*Arnold Palmer (2004)
*Richard Petty
*Frank Robinson
*Jackie Robinson
*Ted Williams
*John Wooden (2003)

Humanitarian

*Norman Borlaug
*Millard Fuller (1996)
*Paul Rusesabagina
*Leon Sullivan
*Margaret Utinsky
*Willie Velasquez (1995)

Other notable people

*Frances Hesselbein (1998)
*Lane Kirkland (1994)
*Walter Reuther (1995)

Notes and references

External links

* [http://www.jfklibrary.org/exec_orders/eo11085.html Order re-establishing the Medal] , from the JFK Library
*cite web | title=Recipients by Year | url=http://medaloffreedom.com/RecipientsByYear.htm
* [http://www.senate.gov/pagelayout/reference/two_column_table/Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom_Recipients.htm List of recent recipients] , from the United States Senate website