Battle of Brownstown

Infobox Military Conflict


caption=
conflict=Battle of Brownstown
partof=the War of 1812
date=August 5, 1812
place=Brownstown
result=British victory
combatant1=Britain
Native Americans
combatant2=United States
commander1=Tecumseh
commander2=Major Thomas Van Horne
strength1=25
strength2=200
casualties1=1 killed
casualties2=18 killed
12 wounded
70 missing

The Battle of Brownstown was an early skirmish in the War of 1812. Although American forces outnumbered the British forces 8 to 1, they lost the battle and suffered substantial losses while the enemy was almost untouched.

The battle occurred near Brownstown, a Wyandot village south of Fort Detroit on Brownstown creek. Brownstown was also known as "Sindathon's Village". Carlson High School in Gibraltar, Michigan, is near the site of the battle.

Background

Encouraged by the British, the Mingo, Wyandot, Miami, Delaware, Shawnee, Kickapoo, Sauk, Ottawa, Ojibwe, Potawatomi, Mohawk and Chickamauga joined an alliance in 1783 against the Americans. The alliance was originally formed at the Sandusky villages of the Wyandot, but after those villages were destroyed, the council fire was moved to Brownstown. Walk In The Water and seven other Wyandot chiefs petitioned the U.S. on February 5, 1812, and obtained a 50-year possession of Brownstown and Monguagon; he lived at Brownstown and commanded the Wyandot warriors.

On August 5, 1812, Major Thomas Van Horne and 200 American soldiers were en route south to the River Raisin, where they were to pick up cattle and other needed supplies and escort them back to Fort Detroit for the use of Brigadier General William Hull. Hull was, at the time, in the Canadian village of Sandwich, now known as Windsor, Ontario, although he would abandon his position there and return to Detroit on August 8.

Battle

As the Americans forded Brownstown creek, the 200 Americans were set upon by two dozen natives led by the Shawnee war chief Tecumseh and several others, including Walks In The Water. Faced with such opposition, Van Horne ordered a retreat, whereupon the untrained American militia scattered in a panic. Van Horne was able to save only half of his command; 18 men were killed, 12 were wounded, and 70 went missing.

Aftermath

Josiah Snelling, known colloquially as the "Prairie Chicken", was cited for gallantry for his actions during the Battle of Brownstown, and promoted to Major. Later, after Hull surrendered Fort Detroit to Tecumseh, Snelling's testimony was used at Hull's court-martial.

One minor chief died in the battle.

By an act of the United States Congress on June 1 1813, the widows of those men killed in the battle were awarded half pay for five years. In at least one case, that of Jacob Pence, $953.43 was paid in October 1832 and $422.53 in April, 1839, for atotal of $1,375.96.