Visual inspection

Visual inspection is a common method of quality control, data acquisition, and data analysis. Visual Inspection, used in maintenance of facilities, mean inspection of equipment and structures using either or all of human senses such as vision, hearing, touch and smell. Visual Inspection typically means inspection using raw human senses and/or any non-specialized inspection equipment. Inspections requiring Ultrasonic, X-Ray equipment, Infra-red, etc are not typically considered as Visual Inspection as these Inspection methodologies require specialized equipment and training.

Quality control

A study of the visual inspection of small integrated circuits found that the modal duration of eye fixations of trained inspectors was about 200 msec. The most accurate inspectors made the fewest eye fixations and were the fastest. When the same chip was judged more than once by an individual inspector the consistency of judgment was very high whereas the consistency between inspectors was somewhat less. Variation by a factor of six in inspection speed led to variation of less than a factor of two in inspection accuracy. Visual inspection had a false positive rate of 2% and a false negative rate of 23% ^[1]

Humorous terminology

To do an eyeball search is to look for something specific in a mass of code or data with one's own native optical sensors, as opposed to using some sort of pattern matching software like grep or any other automated search tool. Also known as vgrep or ogrep, i.e., "visual/optical grep", and in the IBM mainframe world as IEBIBALL.^[2] The most important application of eyeball search / vgrep in software engineering is vdiff.

In various disciplines it is also called the "eyeball technique" or "eyeball method" (of data assessment).

"Eyeballing" is the most common and readily available method of initial data assessment.^[3]

Experts in pattern recognition maintain that the "eyeball" technique is still the most effective procedure for searching arbitrary, possibly unknown structures in data.^[4]

In the military, applying this sort of search to real-world terrain is often referred to as "using the Mark I Eyeball" (or "Mark 0", "Mark 0 Mod[el] 1") device, the U.S. military adopting it in 1950s.^[5] The term is an allusion on military nomenclature: Mark I, Mark VIII, etc.

See also

• Automated optical inspection
• Inspection
• Inspection (medicine)
• Statistical graphics
• Visual search
• Visual comparison

References

1. ^ J. W. Schoonahd, J. D. Gould, L. A. Miller (July 1973), "Studies of Visual Inspection", Ergonomics (Taylor & Francis) 16, issue 4 (4): 365–379, doi:10.1080/00140137308924528, http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~content=a775971992~db=all 
2. ^ Jargon File, version 4.4.6, 25 Oct 2003
3. ^ Srinika Jayaratne, Rona L. Levy (1979) "Empirical Clinical Practice", ISBN 0231041888, p. 110
4. ^ Hans-Jürgen Zimmermann (2001) "Fuzzy Set Theory--and Its Applications", ISBN 0792374355, p. 278
5. ^ "Contemporary Geodesy" (Proceedings of a Conference Held at the Harvard College Observatory - Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA, December 1-2, 1958). P. 68 says: "Now the first type of optical tracking, the most elementary, is that using merely the naked eye — as I heard a Navy man say the other day, 'Mark I eyeball' ".