Starman (comics)

Starman
Art by Tony Harris and Alex Ross.
Publication information
Publisher	DC Comics
First appearance	(Ted Knight) Adventure Comics #61 (April 1941) (Wayne) Detective Comics #247 (September 1957) (Star-Man) Detective Comics #286 (December 1960) (Tomas) 1st Issue Special #12 (March 1976) (Gavyn) Adventure Comics #467 (January 1980) (Payton) Starman (vol. 1) #1 (October 1988) (David) Starman (vol. 1) #26 (September 1990) (Jack) Zero Hour: Crisis in Time #1 (September 1994) (McNider) Starman Secret Files #1 (April 1998) (Farris) JLA #23 (October 1998) (Old West/Sono) Jonah Hex (vol. 2) #27 (March 2008)
Created by	(Star-Man) Sheldon Moldoff (Tomas) Gerry Conway, Mike Vosburg (Gavyn) Paul Levitz, Steve Ditko (Payton) Roger Stern, Tom Lyle (David) Roger Stern (Jack) James Robinson, Tony Harris (Farris) Grant Morrison (Old West/Sono) Jimmy Palmiotti, Justin Gray
In-story information
Alter ego	Victor Sono Ted Knight Bruce Wayne (pre-Crisis) Mikaal Tomas Prince Gavyn Will Payton David Knight Jack Knight Farris Knight Charles McNider Thom Kallor
Place of origin	(Tomas) Talok III (Gavyn) Throneworld
Abilities	(Star-Man) Super-Strength (Tomas) Flight and energy projection derived from the sonic crystal Invulnerabilty (Gavyn) Flight, energy projection, able to withstand exposure to space (Payton) Flight, superstrength, superhuman durability, limited shapeshifting, energy projection (David) Use of the "Gravity Rod" (Farris) Use of the "Quarvat"

Starman is a name used by several different fictional DC Comics superheroes, most prominently Ted Knight and his sons David and Jack.

Created by writer Gardner Fox and artist Jack Burnley, the original Starman, Ted Knight, first appeared in Adventure Comics #61 (April 1941). An astronomer, Knight invented a "gravity rod", later reinvented as a "cosmic rod", allowing him to fly and manipulate energy, and donned a red and yellow costume with a distinctive finned helmet.

Like most Golden Age heroes, Starman fell into obscurity in the 1950s. In the ensuing years, several characters, with varying degrees of relation to the original, briefly took the mantle of Starman.

In Zero Hour: Crisis in Time #1 (September 1994), writer James Robinson and artist Tony Harris introduced Jack Knight, the son of the first Starman. A reluctant, non-costumed hero, he inherited his father’s name and mission and used his technology to create a cosmic staff. He starred in a critically acclaimed series, written by Robinson, from 1994 until 2001.

The current successor of Starman is Stargirl, formerly the second Star-Spangled Kid.

Below in chronological order of activity (not of appearance), are the characters to have used the name "Starman".

Ted Knight

Main article: Starman (Ted Knight)

Ted Knight is a 1940s DC Comics superhero who wore a red costume with a finned helmet and a green cape, and wielded a "gravity rod" (later "cosmic rod") which enabled him to fly and fire energy bolts as a member of the Justice Society of America.

Starman of 1951

The Starman of 1951 is a superhero who operated in the DC Universe in 1951. In actuality, he is a retcon who appeared in Starman (vol. 2) and whose identity was revealed towards the end of that series as being the original Dr. Mid-Nite, Charles McNider, and later a time-displaced David Knight, son of the original Starman, Ted Knight, after some training from McNider. This proved to be only a temporary reprieve for the deceased hero however.

In pre-Crisis continuity, the only Starman of the 1950s was actually Batman who briefly took up that mantle in Detective Comics #247 (September 1957), using variants of his usual equipment, but with a star motif instead of a bat, due to him having been hypnotized to be given a fear of bats in the belief that this would render him incapable of being a hero.

Star-Man

A villainous Star-Man appeared to menace Batman and Robin whose super-strength waned in the presence of a Tibetan belt worn by Batwoman.^{[citation needed]}

Mikaal Tomas

Mikaal as Starman. Art by Cully Hamner.

Mikaal Tomas (also known as Michael Thomas) is a 1970s DC Comics superhero. Tomas is an alien who travelled to Earth to help conquer it, but instead turned against his war-like people in defense of the human race. He has blue skin and originally wore Mister Miracle-style flight-discs on his feet that allowed him to fly, and a medallion containing a sonic crystal around his neck. The gem eventually became embedded in his chest and allows him to fire bolts of energy. He first appeared in 1st Issue Special #12 (March 1976). Within the story, Mikaal was given the name Starman not as a means of carrying on Ted Knight's legacy, but rather in reference to the song "Starman" by David Bowie.^[1] The song tells of a benevolent alien who arrives on earth in order to save the planet from destruction, a situation which greatly parallels Mikaal's backstory. The character later suffered amnesia until he turned up in the 1990s Starman series. The 1990s series revealed that Mikaal's homeworld was Talok III, sister planet to Talok VIII, the home of Shadow Lass. The inhabitants of the eighth planet have darker blue skin, but are the same species. Tomas' origins have been noted to bear certain similarities to that of Captain Mar-Vell.

In James Robinson's 1990s series, Starman became notable for being portrayed in a gay relationship; Mikaal's partner Tony was introduced in a 1998 issue of Starman.^[2] Starman's specific sexual identity was not addressed in print. His long-term relationship with Tony lasted, in DC continuity, twelve years, interrupted by death. A 2010 Robinson story subsequently clarified that Mikaal identifies himself as gay.^[3]

In 2009, writer James Robinson returned to the character, reintroducing him as a main character in Justice League: Cry for Justice. In the first issue, Tony, his lover from the Starman series, is killed while visiting his parents in New York by unnamed supervillains, prompting Mikaal to seek justice. He meets and befriends Congorilla, a fellow hero who is also mourning the loss of someone close to him, in this case his partner and close friend, Freedom Beast. The two heroes travel to Paris, where they find the two assassins who murdered their loved ones, and in the ensuing fight both villains are killed before they can reveal who hired them. After asking Animal Man for help, the heroes travel to the Justice League Watchtower, only to soon find themselves in the midst of a battle with Prometheus, the villain that hired the assassins to kill Tony and Freedom Beast. Mikaal and his companions are easily defeated, and Prometheus escapes after destroying Star City. Mikaal is later shown helping Congorilla and the members of the Justice League search for survivors in the ruins of the city.

After this, Mikaal appears in the main Justice League of America series, where he tries to help Congorilla after he is attacked by a group of villains working for Doctor Impossible.^[4] Robinson officially added Mikaal to the Justice League. In his first mission with the team, he helped capture Plastique and her companions after they tried to flee the country.^[5] During Brightest Day, Mikaal is sent into space by Batman in order to find Alan Scott after he goes insane and vows to destroy the world. Mikaal tracks Scott to the moon, where he has constructed a massive fortress composed of green energy. Before Mikaal can relay this information to his teammates, Scott attacks him and violently tears the gem from his chest.^[6] Miss Martian is able to mentally contact Mikaal, who claims that he has been imprisoned in Scott's fortress and fears that he may be dying.^[7] He is ultimately rescued by Doctor Mid-Nite, and joins his teammates in defeating Scott.

During a battle between the Justice League and Doomsday, it was discovered that Mikaal's gem somehow affected Saint Walker's blue Power ring.^[8] Starman played a pivotal role in the League's final adventure, where he and the Atom were shrunken down and sent inside the Shade's brain. The two heroes freed Shade from Eclipso's control, allowing the JLA to defeat Eclipso once and for all.^[9] Following an injury sustained during a battle on Gemworld, Starman resigned from the League. The team officially disbanded shortly after this.^[10] Following the events of Flaspoint, Mikaal is indeed shown back in Opal City, now operating as a solo hero once again. Despite having left the League, a conversation with the Shade implies that Mikaal is indeed still friends with Congorilla.^[11]

Prince Gavyn

Prince Gavyn, a 1980s DC Comics superhero created by Paul Levitz and Steve Ditko, was the spoiled blond playboy prince of an alien empire. He discovered he was a mutant who could survive unaided in space when, by ancient royal custom, he was thrown out of a spaceship airlock to prevent him from challenging his more mature sister's claim to the leadership of the imperial planet Throneworld. Gavyn was given jeweled wristbands and a staff by the mysterious mystic M'ntorr, which allowed him to channel his cosmic powers into the ability to fly interstellar distances and shoot bolts of energy. For a time keeping his true identity a secret as a masked protector of the realm, after the assassination of his sister only one year into her reign, he became ruler of their people. He first appeared in Adventure Comics #467 (January 1980) and was believed to have died in the Crisis on Infinite Earths. His story was elaborated upon in Starman Annual #1, the tie-in to the comics event Legends of the Dead Earth.

The 1990s Starman series revealed that his fate was different than previously believed. It was revealed that Gavyn was converted into pure energy, which became the source of the beam of light that struck Will Payton, a later Starman, granting him his powers. It is then revealed by Gavyn's tutor that Will Payton died when struck by the energy and his essence was infused in Will Payton's body.

Gavyn reappeared during the Rann-Thanagar War, defending Throneworld from Thanagarians alongside the Omega Men, and later its sequel Rann-Thanagar Holy War.

During the events of the Strange Adventures mini-series that followed Rann-Thanagar Holy War, Gavyn was transformed by Synnar the Demiurge into a flame-haired being called Fusion.

Will Payton

Will Payton, a 1980s DC Comics superhero, was created by Roger Stern and Tom Lyle. Payton gained his powers of flight, super strength, and the ability to alter his appearance and fire bolts of energy from his hands after being struck by a bolt of energy from a satellite in space. He was in his early twenties and worked as a magazine copy editor. The satellite had been launched by the Hutchison Institute, and the powers had been intended for their team of super-agents the Power Elite. He first appeared in Starman (vol. 1) #1 (October 1988) and seemingly died fighting the supervillain Eclipso.

The 1990s Starman series revealed that his fate was different than previously believed. The mysterious bolt of energy that infused Payton with his cosmic abilities was revealed to be the essence of the alien Prince named Gavyn, who also used the name Starman. It is currently unclear whether the two men, Gavyn and Payton, fused into one being with shared memories, or if Payton was killed by the bolt that struck him and was replaced by the essence of Gavyn. How the Hutchison Institute had harness the essence of Gavyn, was left unexplained. Also this series portrayed the twenty-something Payton as if he had been a teenager. It is doubtful that James Robinson (writer of the 1990s series) ever read any of the Stern and Lyle series.

David Knight

David Knight, a 1990s DC Comics superhero, was the son of the original Starman and elder brother of the 1990s Starman, Jack. He first appeared in Starman (vol. 1) #26 (September 1990), having taken up his father's mantle, and was killed by an assassin in Starman (vol. 2) #0 (October 1994). He regularly appeared to Jack after his death, providing guidance for his brother. Toward the end of the series, his ultimate fate was revealed to have been different than what was previously believed (as noted above for the Starman of 1951).

In Starman (vol. 2) #81 (a one-issue revival tying into the Blackest Night event), David's corpse is reanimated as a member of the Black Lantern Corps. He unsuccessfully targets Hope and Mason O'Dare, and then confronts Shade, who pulls him into the Shadowlands, imprisoning him there. During their confrontation, the Black Lantern mentions his plan to lure Jack into another "talking with David" scene before killing him, a reference to David's prior role in the series.

Jack Knight

Main article: Starman (Jack Knight)

Jack Knight, a 1990s DC Comics superhero, is the son of the original Starman, Ted Knight. He wields a cosmically-powered staff, but refuses to wear a costume, instead preferring a t-shirt, leather jacket (with star emblem on the back), a Cracker Jack prize sheriff's star^[12], and light-shielding tank goggles. A reluctant hero that took up the mantle after David died, he is the protagonist of the comic book series written by James Robinson. Jack briefly joined the JSA, but soon retired at the end of the Starman series, passing along his cosmic rod to the JSA's young heroine, Stargirl.

Thom Kallor/Danny Blaine

Main article: Thom Kallor

Kallor as Starman. Art by Alex Ross.

Danny Blaine is a DC Comics superhero of the near future whose identity (but not his full story) is revealed in the 1990s Starman series. Danny Blaine was eventually revealed to be Thom Kallor, also known as Star Boy, a DC Comics superhero in the 30th century and a member of the Legion of Super-Heroes. He originally had powers similar to Superboy, but later lost them and retained only his innate ability to increase the mass of nearby objects. Thom takes on the mantle of Starman in the 21st century with the full knowledge that he will lose his life there. The Danny Blaine/Thom Kallor version was inspired by the Kingdom Come depiction of the character, designed by Alex Ross.

One Year Later

The One Year Later line-up of the Justice Society had a new, schizophrenic Starman.^[13] Fully aware of his condition and plagued by voices and shattered impressions of his adventures through time and space, he voluntarily went to reside at the Sunshine Sanitarium in Opal City when not performing his super-heroic feats, seeking a cure and protection until the JSA sent Doctor Mid-Nite and Stargirl to recruit him. He accepts, asking only a cure for his addled mind in exchange.

Hailing from the original Legion of Super-Heroes universe, where he was known as Star Boy,^[14] he receives from Brainiac 5 of the Three Worlds a complete map of the Multiverse, printed on his star-clad suit, to use in a mission meant to save the entire space-time continuum. It is implied that his addled status was actually a deciding factor in his choice, since his borderline insanity was meant to prevent telepaths or skilled interrogators from gaining any information from him. However, he got stranded on Earth-22, the Kingdom Come universe, thus witnessing the dramatic events on that Earth and receiving added damage to his frail mind, worsened by the lack of the advanced medication to which he had access in his own time.

He later decides to take the name of Danny Blaine, after his favorite pulp adventurer from Xanthu,^[15] a situation that pays off when his mental sanity is restored to him by the literal-minded Old God Gog. Unable to ensure the absolute secrecy of his mission while being Starman all the time, he accepts a job as a gravedigger in Metropolis.^[16] With Gog's defeat, Starman is returned to his disturbed state, steadily worsening due to his lack of proper medication;^[17] however, in his work as a gravedigger, he is able to locate, and transport to the Fortress of Solitude, Superboy/ Kon-El's corpse; were it lays under special kryptonian crystals, in a regeneration chamber for a 1000 years. The crystals recharge Conner's (Superboy) life force; thus bringing on his resurrection 1000 years in the future. As scene in Final Crisis "The Legion of 3 worlds" - The penultimate chapter of "The Lightning Saga". ^[18]

Farris Knight

The Starman of the 853rd century is Farris Knight, who is also a member of Justice Legion Alpha and was a major character in the series DC One Million. He is a distant descendant of Jack Knight's and the Mist's son. Farris commands an alien artifact called a "quarvat", similar in function to the "cosmic rod". He lives on a space station (in the orbit of Uranus) from which he monitors the artificial sun Solaris. He asserts that being the descendant of the Mist as much as the Knights, he was predisposed to villainy, and Solaris eventually corrupts Farris, who arranges for the defeat of the two JLAs and travels back in time to kill the originator of his hated responsibility, Ted Knight. Meeting Ted, however, changes his mind and Farris ultimately sacrifices himself to save the modern day Earth from Solaris' machinations, his lost quarvat apparently going on to be found by his own great-grandfather (Resulting in its existence being a temporal paradox).

Victor Sono

Introduced in Jonah Hex (vol. 2) #27 (March 2008), the "Star Man" of the Old West originally came to New York with his father from Italy just after the Civil War ended. His name was Victor Sono. His father tried to get work as a sheriff, but the group of lawmen with whom he interviewed mocked and killed him for being crippled. Young Victor later found his body hanging outside the building and decided to avenge his death. He pickpocketed a pistol and fired on the group. Before he could do much damage, however, the owner of the pistol, Jonah Hex, who was in town collecting a bounty, knocked him out and took his gun back. He nearly left the boy to the "lawmen", but after recalling his own terrible childhood, came back and rescued Victor, whom he left at an orphanage. Years later, Hex and Victor would cross paths again, Victor now calling himself the Star Man. He had dedicated his life to killing unjust lawmen and adding their sheriff's stars to his coat.^[19] The Star Man has a habit of manipulating Hex for his own ends, although he does know that he owes Hex his life.^[20]

Other versions

See also: List of characters in Starman (comics)

• Stargirl (Courtney Whitmore), formerly the second Star-Spangled Kid, is a superheroine who inherited Jack Knight's cosmic staff after he retired from being Starman. She is a member of the Justice Society of America.
• In JSA #72, a female calling herself "Starwoman" is revealed to be Patricia Lynn Dugan (the half-sister of Courtney Whitmore), one of the individuals Thom Kallor mentioned as continuing the Starman legacy.
• In JLA: Age of Wonder, Starman is portrayed as a fellow inventor alongside Superman, Thomas Edison, and Nikola Tesla. He invents his cosmic rod with technology gleaned from the rocket ship which brought Superman to Earth.
• In JSA: The Unholy Three, Starman is an intelligence agent working at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant and is code-named "Star".
• Dr. Stellar of Big Bang Comics has some elements of Starman.
• In JLA: Earth 2, in the Crime Syndicate's space headquarters, they have a costume belonging to a former teammate bearing the name "Spaceman". He is the Antimatter universe counterpart of Starman, although he does not make an appearance.
• Countdown: Arena introduces several alternate Starmen: an adult Courtney Whitmore from Earth-7, an intelligent gorilla from Earth-17, and a feral Mikaal Tomas from Earth-48.
• It was revealed by Ted Knight in Starman (vol. 2) #17 that Sylvester Pemberton considered calling himself Starman before he decided on Skyman.

Titles

Starman (vol. 1)

Starman (vol. 1)
Publication information
Publisher	DC Comics
Schedule	Monthly
Format	Ongoing series
Genre	Superhero
Publication date	October 1988 – April 1992
Number of issues	45
Main character(s)	Starman (Will Payton)
Creative team
Creator(s)	Roger Stern Tom Lyle

Starman (vol. 1) was a DC Comics ongoing series starring Starman (Will Payton). The series was published from October 1988 to April 1992.^[21]

Starman (vol. 2)

Starman (vol. 2)
Cover to Starman (vol. 2) #0. Art by Tony Harris and Alex Jay.
Publication information
Publisher	DC Comics
Schedule	Monthly
Format	Ongoing series
Genre	Superhero
Publication date	October 1994 – August 2001
Number of issues	81 (plus issues #0 and #1,000,000; 2 Annuals and various specials)
Main character(s)	Starman (Jack Knight)
Creative team
Writer(s)	James Robinson
Artist(s)	Tony Harris Peter Snejbjerg and others
Collected editions
Starman Omnibus, Vol. 1	ISBN 978-1401216993
Starman Omnibus, Vol. 2	ISBN 978-1401221942
Starman Omnibus, Vol. 3	ISBN 978-1401222840
Starman Omnibus, Vol. 4	ISBN 978-1401225964
Starman Omnibus, Vol. 5	ISBN 978-1401228897

Starman (vol. 2) was an ongoing series published by DC Comics from October 1994 to August 2001, starring the superhero Starman (Jack Knight). The series was written by James Robinson with art primarily by Tony Harris from issues #0-45 and Peter Snejbjerg from issues #50-80.^[22]

Style

Starman included a number of signature thematic and stylistic elements, which helped make it distinctive. One was the importance of collectibles and collecting. James Robinson was an avid collector of a number of different things and transferred this interest to the hero, Jack Knight, who ran a collectibles shop. Many of the guest characters would also discuss their collecting interests. The book also dealt with the past and nostalgia quite frequently. One manner was through the irregular appearance of "Times Past" issues set in a different time period. These usually, but not always, focused on one of the other Starmen or the Shade. Text pieces, dubbed "The Shade's Journal" and dealing with that character's adventures over his long life, also appeared irregularly instead of a letter column. In addition, most of the characters who appeared in the book had some connection to a legacy from the past. They were either immortal, had inherited a role from a family member, or were the reincarnation of a previous hero. The book also featured a number of discussions and meditations on age. Another stylistic theme in the book was the often impressionistic approach to violence and conflict. The lead up to, and denouncement from, violence, was generally much more important in the Starman book than violence itself. A number of confrontations that Jack Knight had with "villains" ended peacefully, such as an early encounter with a bounty hunter who broke into Jack's shop looking for an enchanted shirt. After a short scuffle, Jack, seeing no reason not to, agrees to sell the man the shirt. When violence was depicted, it was often much more impressionistic, instead of the highly choreographed and detailed violence seen in many superhero comics. Finally, a sense of place informed many Starman stories. James Robinson has stated his appreciation for the fictional cities of the DC Universe. With Starman, he attempted to develop the setting of Opal City as a real place with a distinct character. Robinson and artist Tony Harris developed maps of Opal City and came up with a fictional history of it. Characters would often make mention of specific locations in the city and small bits of its history.

Story arcs

Main article: List of Starman story arcs

Reception

Commenting on the character and series, comic writer Geoff Johns wrote:

“

During the mid '90s, during the height of revamping and reintroducing characters (since everything, and unfortunately anything was selling), Starman hits the stands. Among all the knives and guns, shoulder pads, and line-filled art, Jack Knight looked out of place. There were no "Bad Girl" pin-ups or brutal vigilantism, just a regular guy flying around in his jacket and sneakers. A guy who would rather see Browning's Freaks than put on a cape and stop crime. But it worked. It totally worked. While most gun-toting anti-heroes and bad girls faded away, Jack Knight became an instant classic. And to a lot of readers, Starman had become "the" favorite hero.[23]

”

Awards and nominations

Starman was nominated in the 1995 Eisner Awards for "Best Continuing Series" and "Best Serialized Story" for the story arc "Sins of the Father" (issues #0-3) and won the Eisner Award for "Best Serialized Story" for the story arc "Sand and Stars" (issues #20-23).^[24] It was also nominated for "Best Continuing Series" in 1997.^[25]

Collected editions

Most of the Starman (vol. 2) series has been collected in several trade paperbacks. Uncollected issues from this series are #36, 42, 44, 46, 54, 74, and the 80-Page Giant.

Title	Material collected	Publication date	ISBN
Sins of the Father	Starman (vol. 2) #0-5	January 1996	978-1563892486
Night and Day	Starman (vol. 2) #7-10, #12-16	March 1997	978-1563892707
A Wicked Inclination	Starman (vol. 2) #17, #19-27)	March 1998	978-1563894091
Times Past	Starman (vol. 2) #6, #11, #18, #28, Annual #1; Starman Secret Files (one-shot)	February 1999	978-1563894923
Infernal Devices	Starman (vol. 2) #29-35, #37-38	October 2000	978-1563896330
To Reach the Stars	Starman (vol. 2) #39-41, #43, #45, Annual #2; The Power of Shazam! #35-36	May 2001	978-1563897122
A Starry Knight	Starman (vol. 2) #47-53	March 2002	978-1563897979
Stars My Destination	Starman (vol. 2) #55-60	January 2004	978-1401200114
Grand Guignol	Starman (vol. 2) #61-73	October 2004	978-1401202576
Sons of the Father	Starman (vol. 2) #75-80	April 2005	978-1401204730

The entire Starman (vol. 2) series is collected in six omnibus hardcovers.

Title	Material collected	Publication date	ISBN
Starman Omnibus, Volume 1	Starman (vol. 2) #0-16	June 2008	978-1401216993
Starman Omnibus, Volume 2	Starman (vol. 2) #17-29, Annual #1; relevant stories from Showcase '95 #12, Showcase '96 #4-5	March 2009	978-1401221942
Starman Omnibus, Volume 3	Starman (vol. 2) #30-38, Annual #2; Starman Secret Files (one-shot); The Shade #1-4	June 2009	978-1401222840
Starman Omnibus, Volume 4	Starman (vol. 2) #39-46; Starman 80-Page Giant #1; Starman: The Mist #1; The Power of Shazam! #35-36; Batman/Hellboy/Starman #1-2	February 2010	978-1401225964
Starman Omnibus, Volume 5	Starman (vol. 2) #47-60, #1000000; Stars and S.T.R.I.P.E. #0; All Star Comics 80-Page Giant #1; JSA: All Stars #4	October 2010	978-1401228897
Starman Omnibus, Volume 6	Starman (vol. 2) #61-81	January 2011	978-1401230449

In other media

• The Prince Gavyn version of Starman made several background appearances in Justice League Unlimited. Stargirl also appeared, utilizing the staff that she inherited from Jack in the comics.
• There was a television series planned based on Jack Knight's adventures, but was last referred to in 2003 as being "indefinitely on hold."^[26]
• The original Starman appears among the Justice Society in the Batman: The Brave and the Bold episode "Crisis: 22,300 Miles Above Earth!". He is voiced by Jeff Bennett.

References

1. ^ Starman (vol. 2) #28 (March 1997)
2. ^ Robinson, James, Starman (vol. 2) #48 (December 1998)
3. ^ Robinson, James, Starman/Congorilla #1 (2010)
4. ^ Justice League of America (vol. 2) #42 (April 2010)
5. ^ Justice League of America (vol. 2) #43 (May 2010)
6. ^ Justice League of America (vol. 2) #46 (August 2010)
7. ^ Justice Society of America (vol. 3) #41 (September 2010)
8. ^ Justice League of America (vol. 2) #55
9. ^ Justice League of America (vol. 2) #59
10. ^ Justice League of America (vol. 2) #60
11. ^ The Shade #1 (October 2011)
12. ^ Starman (vol. 2) #2 (December 1994). p. 1 (bottom, middle frame)
13. ^ Justice Society of America (vol. 3) #1 (February 2007)
14. ^ Justice Society of America (vol. 3) #5 (June 2007)
15. ^ Action Comics #864 (June 2008)
16. ^ Justice Society of America (vol. 3). The Kingdom one-shot^{[clarification needed]}
17. ^ Adventure Comics (vol. 3) #1 (October 2009)
18. ^ Final Crisis: Legion of Three Worlds (2009)^{[volume & issue needed]}
19. ^ Jonah Hex (vol. 2) #27 (March 2008)
20. ^ Jonah Hex (vol. 2) #54 (June 2010)
21. ^ Starman (vol. 1) at the Comic Book DB
22. ^ Starman (vol. 2) at the Comic Book DB
23. ^ Robinson, James (March 2002). Starman, Vol. 7: A Starry Knight. New York: DC Comics. ISBN 978-1563897979. 
24. ^ "1995 Will Eisner Comic Industry Award Nominees and Winners". Comic Book Awards Almanac. http://www.hahnlibrary.net/comics/awards/eisner95.php. 
25. ^ "1997 Will Eisner Comic Industry Award Nominees and Winners". Comic Book Awards Almanac. http://www.hahnlibrary.net/comics/awards/eisner97.php. 
26. ^ "Starman indefinitely on hold". Mania. August 20, 2003. http://www.mania.com/starman-indefinitely-hold_article_91878.html. 

External links

• History of Ted Knight
• Starman III (Mikaal Tomas) - Gay League Profile