Bad Driburg

Bad Driburg
Dringenberg Castle
Bad Driburg
Location of the town of Bad Driburg within Höxter district
Coordinates	51°44′N 9°1′E / 51.73333°N 9.01667°E / 51.73333; 9.01667Coordinates: 51°44′N 9°1′E / 51.73333°N 9.01667°E / 51.73333; 9.01667
Administration
Country	Germany
State	North Rhine-Westphalia
Admin. region	Detmold
District	Höxter
Mayor	Burkhard Deppe (CDU)
Basic statistics
Area	115.07 km2 (44.43 sq mi)
Elevation	147-435 m
Population	18,959 (31 December 2010)[1]
- Density	165 /km2 (427 /sq mi)
Other information
Time zone	CET/CEST (UTC+1/+2)
Licence plate	HX
Postal code	33014
Area codes	05253, 05259, 05238
Website	www.bad-driburg.de

Bad Driburg is a town and spa in Höxter district in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, pleasantly situated on the Aa and the historic railway Soest-Höxter-Berlin.

It has an Evangelical and a Roman Catholic church and some glass manufactures. It is celebrated for its saline-ferruginous springs, discovered in 766, and since 1779 largely frequented in summer. In the vicinity are the ruins of Iburg, a castle destroyed by Charlemagne in 775, and bestowed by him upon the bishopric of Paderborn.

Geography

Bad Driburg lies on the eastern slopes of the Eggegebirge, roughly 20 km east of Paderborn.

Constituent communities

Bad Driburg consists of 10 districts:

• Alhausen
• Driburg
• Dringenberg with Siebenstern
• Erpentrup
• Herste
• Kühlsen
• Langeland
• Neuenheerse
• Pömbsen with Bad Hermannsborn
• Reelsen

History

Prehistory

Archaeological finds bear witness to settlement in the Driburg area between about 3000 and 1800 BC, in the Middle and New Stone Age.

Further important finds from the Bronze Age attest to quite a high culture living in the area between about 1800 and 600 BC.

Ancient times

Finds of potsherds and above all coins dating up to AD 15 show at least that there was peaceful trade between the Romans and the Cherusci, a Germanic tribe living in the area in antiquity.

Middle Ages

In 772, Charlemagne began military operations against the Saxons. Shortly thereafter, one of the churches consecrated to Saint Peter was built on the Iburg. This is one of the oldest churches in historic Saxony.

In 868, the Bishop of Paderborn founded the convent at Neuenheerse, now a constituent community of Bad Driburg. The convent church was built much later, in the early 12th century.

After the Bishopric of Paderborn was reorganized in 1231, Driburg became the seat of an archdeaconate. The Driburger Pfennig began to be minted at this time, and has now become a very rare coin (see Coat of arms below). It was also at about this time, or perhaps somewhat later, that Driburg was granted town rights. The document granting them, however, was lost long ago. A document from 1290 nevertheless makes it clear that, by this time, Driburg has town rights.

In the 14th century, the Castle Dringenberg was built. In 1323 Dringenberg, now a constituent community of Bad Driburg, was granted town rights and was seat of the free court until 1765. On 10 April 1345, Bishop Balduin of Paderborn renewed Driburg's town rights.

In 1444, Otto Duke of Braunschweig (Brunswick) destroyed Schloß Iburg (castle) and had it razed.

Modern era

About 1500 came the beginnings of glassworks around Driburg. In 1593, the Driburger Heilquellen (healing springs) were once more made usable.

In the next century, two town fires in relatively quick succession – in 1680 and again in 1683 – burnt the town to the ground.

The 18th century brought the Seven Years' War between 1756 and 1763, which left a wake of death and destruction. The Franzosengrab ("Frenchmen's Grave") on Brunnenstraße recalls the many victims of the fighting and epidemics.

On 9 May 1781 or 5 April 1782, the Brunswick Oberjägermeister (roughly "High Hunting Master"), Caspar Heinrich von Sierstropff, founded the Driburg spa.

In 1803, Driburg passed to Prussia, and its old connection to the Prince-Bishopric of Paderborn was dissolved. This same year, the Neuenheerse convent became an accommodation centre for needy noblewomen of all denominations.

In 1809, Driburg's Jewish community had its own small synagogue, followed in 1905 by its own private school.

In 1810, after almost a thousand years, the Neuenheerse convent was at last dissolved.

Friedrich Wilhelm Weber

In 1813, the doctor, poet and politician Friedrich Wilhelm Weber, who wrote the epic Dreizehnlinden was born in Alhausen (he died in Nieheim in 1894).

In 1864, Driburg was connected to the railway network. In 1919, Driburg was granted the designation "Bad" in recognition of its being a spa town.

In 1938, the synagogue was destroyed, and the Jewish townsfolk found themselves faced with a time of hardship and persecution under the Nazis.

Towards the end of the Second World War, on 5 April 1945, the town was taken over by American troops. Bad Driburg was largely spared any great war damage. Between 1945 and 1950, the spa was commandeered by the British Occupation authorities. The first postwar spa season came only in 1951.

In 1970 came amalgamation with the heretofore independent communities of Alhausen, Erpentrup, Herste, Langeland, Pömbsen and Reelsen. In 1974 came government recognition as a spa town, although the town had been calling itself Bad Driburg for many years. In 1975 came further amalgamations as the town of Dringenberg and the communities of Kühlsen and Neuenheerse were merged into Bad Driburg.

On 9 May 1981, the spa celebrated its bicentenary. Six years later, on 5 May 1987, the thermal boring was successfully completed. On 1 July 1990, Bad Driburg celebrated its 700-year town jubilee.

On 27 March 1994, the "Driburg Therme" thermal baths opened.[1]

Neuenheerse

In 868, a convent was established on the site of today's Neuenheerse by Luithard, the third Bishop of Paderborn, to foster the Christianization of the Saxons. The church was at first consecrated to Mary, mother of Jesus. The sisters gathered many relics over the years, of which the most important were the bones of Saint Saturnina of Sains-les-Marquion, who became the convent's patron.

• 

  Neuenheerse from the Netheberg

• 

  View of Neuenheerse

• 

  St. Anthony's Chapel (Antoniuskapelle) near Neuenheerse

• 

  Convent church tower in Neuenheerse

Main sights

Buildings

Iburg ruins

• Saint Peter's and Paul's Catholic Parish Church was built in 1894-1897 from A. Güldenpfennig's plans. It is a three-naved neo-Gothic hall church with a transept. It is thoroughly complete with a pulpit, an organ, altars and glazing from the time when it was built. There is also painting from 1909 in a Baroquelike Art Nouveau. A few pieces have been saved from the former church, among them the Romanesque baptismal font (from about 1260), two Baroque figures of the two patron saints from 1676, as well as the late (died 1463) capitular Heinrich von Driburg's gravestone.
• The town's railway station is a late classicist building from after 1860.
• In the town core, which is made up of many new buildings, only a few half-timbered buildings from the 18th and 19th centuries are still standing.
• The Gräfliches Haus (roughly "Count's House") is a two-storey classicist stone building with an outside staircase from 1780.
• There are heavily restored and made-over remains of the town wall at the so-called Mühlenpforte ("Mill Gate").
• Neuenheerse has a moat-ringed stately home (Wasserschloss).
• The Stiftskirche St. Saturnina ("Convent church of St. Saturnina") in Neuenheerse (Eggedom), was built from 1100 to 1130, but was heavily damaged in a fire due to lightning in 1965.
• The castle Iburg's ruins from the 8th century can be seen in Bad Driburg.

Alhausen seen from the Rosenberg

Museums

• Modellbahnschau MO187, a model railway display in Bad Driburg's historic goods station.

Cultural events

• Shooting festival of the Bad Driburg citizens' shooting guild (2nd weekend in July)
• Shooting festival of the Schützenbruderschaft St. Fabian und Sebastian Neuenheerse e. V. ("Neuenheerse St. Fabian's and Sebastian's Marksmen's Brotherhood") (once a year in mid-August)
• Mountain bike race 'Iburg-Bergsprint' in June, part of the Challenge4MTB race series

Politics

Town council

	CDU	SPD	UWG	ödp	Greens	FDP	total
2004	16	6	3	3	2	2	32

Coat of arms

Bad Driburg's civic coat of arms might heraldically be described thus: In azure a crenellated town wall and gate over which a crenellated tower Or, above the wall sinister a Latin cross Or.

This tower has been a symbol of Driburg for almost 800 years, and it can even be seen on the "Driburg Pfennig", which was struck in 1215, and of which only two examples are known today. The cross stands for Paderborn, to which Bad Driburg once belonged.

A similar coat of arms in gules (red) rather than azure (blue) was granted on 6 July 1908, but in 1973, the red was changed to blue, and the cross, formerly a cross pattée, became a Latin cross.[2]

This newer version was approved by the Regierungspräsident in Detmold on 9 May 1973.

Education

• Gem. Grundschule
• Katholische Grundschule
• Katholische Grundschule Neuenheerse
• Gemeinschaftsgrundschule Dringenberg
• Städtische Grundschule
• Städtisches Gymnasium
• Gymnasium St. Xaver
• Gymnasium St. Kaspar
• Caspar-Heinrich-Schule Gemeinschafts-Hauptschule der Stadt Bad Driburg
• Friedrich-Wilhelm-Weber-Realschule der Stadt Bad Driburg
• Städtische Schule für Lernbehinderte

Famous people

• Friedrich Wilhelm Weber (1813-1894), doctor, poet, politician, writer.

Town partnerships

The partnership with Uebigau (citizens' shooting guild) in southwestern Brandenburg has existed since 1990.

References

1. ^ "Amtliche Bevölkerungszahlen" (in German). Landesbetrieb Information und Technik NRW. 31 December 2010. http://www.it.nrw.de/statistik/a/daten/amtlichebevoelkerungszahlen/index.html. 

External links

Media related to Bad Driburg at Wikimedia Commons

• Official site (German)
• Bad Driburg in the Kulturatlas Westfalen (German)