Musakhel District

Musakhel (Pashto: ضلع موسی خیل) is a district in the northwest of Balochistan province of Pakistan. The language of the district are Pashto, Balochi and Jaffarki most of the people are Pashtuns

Geography

District Musakhel is located in north eastern border of Balochistan and boardering to Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Punjab. The total area of the District comprises on 7552 km². The district is divided into three Tehsils: Musakhel, Durug, and Kingri. The headquarters of the district is Musa Khel Bazar District Backgrounds:

Musa khail become district after splitting Loralai in 1992.but to date no land use is record is available exclusively for the district. According to agricultural statistics of Balochistan1994-1995, only 2.5 total geographical area is arable of which more than half (58.7%) is left fellow. Musa khail is located from 30-17 to 31-28 north latitude from 69-28 to70-15 east longitudes. It is bounded in north by the Dera ismail khan district, in the east by the Dera ghazi khan districts, in the south by Barkhan district and in the west by the Loralai and Zhob districts.The total area of the district is 5721 km². Musa Khail district is comprised 10 union councils, Viz, Drug, Kingri, Gharwandi, Gharyasa, Sara Khawa, Saddar, wah Hassan Khail, Toi sar, Zamri and Kewan Essot.

Durug

Drug Tehsil is bounded in north by Uc Kewan,in east By DG Khan,in south Kingri and in west by Gharyasa Uc of the distrct. Uc is 1200–2400 meters above sea level and semi arid. It can be placed in the warm summer and mild winter temperature region. The summer is hot with mean temperature ranging from 21 to 38 degrees Celsius.

People of UC Drug have been in pursuit of fulfillment of basic needs such as food, shelter, education, health, cheap and speedy justice, safety and security, employment etc. The province with more than one –third of its population living less than a dollar a day, is further imbibed into serious problems such as weak state institutions, weak local institutions specially Monitoring Committees & CCBs , poor infrastructure, inequality, diarrhea, political instability, deplorable situation of law and order, precarious conditions of environment and sanitation sectors etc. People lack basic needs and accessibilities. In this way, they have looking up to concerned authorities, departments and non/governmental quarters for resolution of their basic issues.

4. Topography The Tehsil is mountaneous for the most part with an exception of the main valley Drug. The valley of drug lies from south,west,to north –east and is enclosed on all sides by hills. The valley have small Streams from three sides .

5. Climate The climate of the Tehsil is semi arid. It can be placed in the warm summer and mild winter temperature region. June is the hottest when temperature exceeds 38-40 degrees Celsius. The total annual rainfall ranges between 325–750 mm, Most of which takes place in summer due to moon soon .The annual rainfall is 512 mm which is increased 601.6 mm in 1994 and decreased 429.7 mm in 1995. Summer rain falls provides water for Kharif crops.

6. Soil The soil of the Tehsil is dark hard loamy used for wheat and maize.In few areas gravely soil is found used for Moong and mash. 7. Vegetation The vegetation consists mainly grasses and spiny scrubs. Grasses are fairly numerous in the Tehsil.Somo plants also having medicinal value, while other plants and shrubs are used as fodder for goats,sheeps,cattles and camels. Many trees particularly accacia modesta(phulai) provide fuel wood and timber to the people.

8. Energy Fuel wood is the main source of energy for cooking and energy. Diesel is used to run engines for agriculture purposes. The Tehsil is deprived from Electricity due tribal interference from Musa khail tribe. Kerosine oil is mostly used for lighting.

9. Population

Demographics:

Population: 17278 Male: 8298 Female: 8980 Male Ratio: 47.86 Female Ratio: 51.73 F/M ratio: 1.1

In 2005, the tehsil Durug was created. It consists of 2 union councils: U/C Kiwan and Durug. Kiwan occupies an area of 1200 square kilometers. The population is approximately 18,000, of whom 75% belong to the Jaffer Tribe. The main sources of income are livestock and agriculture. Tehsil Drug is a tribal area in which Zimri, Buzdar, Mir-khani, Jaffar, Essote, Qaisrani, Gharsheen tribes are settled. Durug is a valley blessed with Natural beauty. The total population of Durug council is around 8,000.Zimri is the major tribe of this area.

Kingri

Sub Tehsil Kingri, also known as Shamarzai-Abad, is situated at Loralai DG khan Road. The main tribe is Shamarzai; Gharsheen; other tribes include Buzdar, Lashkarani and Qaisrani tribe. Kingri Tehsil is famous for its mines and minerals.

Sub Tehsil Kingri is bounded in north by Uc Gharyasa,in east By DG Khan,in south Barkhan Distt. and in west by Gharwandi Uc of the district. The climate of the Sub Tehsil is located 1200–2400 meters above sea level, is semi arid. It can be placed in the warm summer and mild winter temperature region. The summer is hot with mean temperature ranging 21 to 38 degrees Celsius.

People of Sub Tehsil Kingri have been in pursuit of fulfillment of basic needs such as food, shelter, education, health, cheap and speedy justice, safety and security, employment etc. The province with more than one –third of its population living less than a dollar a day, is further imbibed into serious problems such as weak state institutions, weak local institutions specially Monitoring Committees & CCBs , poor infrastructure, inequality, political instability, deplorable situation of law and order, precarious conditions of environment and sanitation sectors etc. This picture reveals that people of this backward area are still deprived of due facilities, basis needs and accessibilities. In this way, they have looking up to concerned authorities, departments and non/governmental quarters for resolution of their basic issues.

Topography

The Sub Tehsil is mountainous for the most part with an exception of the main valley Kingri. The valley of Kingri lies from south, west, to north –east and is enclosed on all sides by hills. The valley have small streams namely Kingri stream from west sides

Population Demographics: Population: 19558 Male: 9458 Female: 10100 Male Ratio: 48.35 Female Ratio: 51.56 M ratio: 1.06 F/Spatial population distribution The major human settlements of the Sub Tehsil are Kingri city,Chaap,Rara sham,Sham,Andar pur,Khan Mohammad kot etc.

Ethnic composition

Major tribes of Sub Tehsil are,Laharzai(Pashtoon),Syeds ,Buzdars,Qaisrani .The Laharzai(Musa khail) constitute a significant majority f the population. Pashto,Saraiki and Balochi and are the spoken languages of the Sub Tehsil. Productive sector Agriculture crops are categorized in to two types Rabi and Kharif .Major rabi crops are wheat, barley and mustard. Kharif crops are chillies,maize,potato,onion and pulses including moong and mash. Vegetables and fodder are cultivated throughout the year. Agricultural labor is predominantly done by men, however women often assist. Cropping pattern Wheat is the major agricultural product of Kingri and followed by Moong and mash. Irrigation Major source of uc Kingri is streams and underground water. The resources are tube wells and wells and open surface wells both operated by diesel engines and submersibles by electricity. . Wellbeing Ranking

i. Indicators for Wellbeing Well to Do Class A • Land for cultivation, 25to 30 acre or more than it. • Livestock in Large number(1000,1500) & 3,4 Cows • availability of food throughout the year • Valuable home • Own business • Children studying in good schools • Having a Best Job Middle Class B • Mix Land 10 to 8 acre • A Middle Home • Personal livestock like Sheep's Goats and Cow.300to 400 • Availability of food throughout the year • Having some livelihood options. • Family member with job • Children studying in schools

Poor Class C • Mix Land 5 to 3 acre • Only 1 to 2 cows and Sheep's, personal or at partnership100To 150 • Muddy house • Unavailability of food in some months/times • Diseased family member • Daily income up to Rs:80/- • Orphan/widow

Very poor Class D

• Usually having no land, cultivators of other's land • Having no livestock • Unavailability of food item throughout the year • Considered as lower cast • Family members up to 10 and only a single person earning By SYED DOST MOHAMMAD

History

According to the early histories, this area was previously a part of Kandahár province. In 1505 AD, the Mughals conquered the province of Kandahár and held it till 1559 AD when the Safavid Kings of Persia acquired it. The Mughals regained the province in 1595 AD but lost it again in 1622 AD, to the Safavid Kings of Persia. In 1709 AD, the Afghan inhabitants rose under Mir Wais Ghilzai and established the Ghilzai power in Kandahár. The Ghilzai power was terminated by Nadir Shah in 1737 AD. After the assassination of Nadir Shah in 1747 AD, the first democratic government was established in Kandahár by the Afghans as they elected Ahmed Shah Durrani as their ruler. In 1826, the first Amir of Afghanistan, Dost Muhammad Barakzai, took hold of the area and annexed it to Afghanistan.

After the first phase of the Afghan war of 1878-79 AD, the British took control of the northern areas of Balochistan under the Treaty of Gandamak. During 1879-84 AD, efforts were made to extend the British influence o ver the Khetrans and Musakhels of the, now Musakhel, territory. The Musakhels took part in outrages committed by the Kakars under Shah Jahan in 1884, but surrendered to the British government on the conclusion of the expedition in the same year. On 1 November 1887, the whole area was declared part of British India. Zhob agency was formed in 1890 and Musakhel territory was annexed to it. Musakhel was made a Tehsil in 1892 and was transferred to Loralai district in October 1903. The Musakhel Tehsil comprised Sadar Unio Council, Srakhawah, Toysar, Zam, Ghuryasa and Wah Hassan Khel Union Councils.

Musakhel became a district on 1 January 1992 when Loralai District was divided into three districts, named Musakhel, Barkhan, and Loralai.

Mines and mineral

Musakhel District is known for its mining industry, particularly the mining of coal. Coal mining began in the area in 1980 One of the most famous companies is the Haji Mohammad Yousaf Musakhel Coal Company again started the area. United Musakhel Mining Company again offer investors to work in the area.

Forest and wildlife

Musakhel is one of the most ecologically diverse districts in the province. The climate is arid and subtropical, and mostly receives monsoon shower during summer. The natural vegetation of the area consists of sub-tropical thorn forest.

Political parties

• Pashtoon Khawah Mili Awami Party

PMAP is the oldest party of the district. Khan Shaheed Abdul Samad Khan established the party during his visit. Sardar Mohammad Azam Ex-MPA is the prime leader in Musakhel. Due to bycot this year PMAP not participate in general election

• Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam

JUI is the second oldest party and have strong role. Molvi Ameer Zaman, Molvi Sarwar, Minister present are the prime leaders.

• All Pakistan Muslim League
• Pakistan Muslim League Q
• Awami National Party
• Pakistan Peoples Party
• Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf

References