- Cotinga
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This article is about the family Cotingidae. For the genus, see Cotinga (genus).
Cotingas 
Andean Cock-of-the-Rock, Rupicola peruviana Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Aves Order: Passeriformes Suborder: Tyranni Family: Cotingidae
Bonaparte, 1849Genera Many, see text.
The cotingas are a large family of passerine bird species found in Central America and tropical South America. Cotingas are birds of forests or forest edges, which mostly eat fruit or insects and fruit. Comparatively little is known about this diverse group, although all have broad bills with hooked tips, rounded wings, and strong legs. They may be the most diverse passerine family in body size, ranging from the 8-cm Kinglet Calyptura to the 50-cm male Amazonian Umbrellabird, although the smaller bird may not be a true cotinga.
The males of many species, such as the cock-of-the-rocks, are brightly coloured, or decorated with plumes or wattles, like the umbrellabirds, with their umbrella-like crest and long throat wattles. Some, like the bellbirds and the Screaming Piha, have distinctive and far-carrying calls. The females of most species are duller than the males.
Most species are polygynous, and only the females care for the eggs and young. Both brilliant male colors and loud vocalizations are the result of sexual selection. Many have striking courtship displays, often grouped together in leks. In such canopy-dwelling genera as Carpodectes, Cotinga, and Xipholena, males gather high in a single tree or in adjacent trees, but male cocks-of-the-rock, as befits their more terrestrial lives, give their elaborate displays in leks on the ground.[1]
On the other hand, the Purple-throated Fruitcrow lives in mixed-sex groups in which one female lays an egg and the others help provide insects to the chick.[1]
Nests differ greatly. Many species lay a single egg in a nest so flimsy that the egg can be seen from underneath. This may make the nests hard for predators to find. Fruiteaters build more solid cup nests, and the cocks-of-the-rock attach their mud nests to cliffs.[1]
Contents
Species
A number of species previously placed in this family have recently been placed in the family Tityridae (genera Laniisoma, Laniocera and Iodopleura) or incertae sedis (genera Oxyruncus, Phibalura and Calyptura).[2]
FAMILY: COTINGIDAE
- Genus: Phytotoma - plantcutters (3 species)
- Genus: Phoenicircus - red-cotingas (2 species)
- Genus: Tijuca (2 species)
- Genus: Carpornis - berryeaters (2 species)
- Genus: Ampelion (2 species)
- Genus: Doliornis (2 species)
- Genus: Zaratornis
- White-cheeked Cotinga, Zaratornis stresemanni
- Genus: Pipreola - fruiteaters (11 species)
- Genus: Ampelioides - Scaled Fruiteater
- Genus: Lipaugus - typical pihas (7 species)
- Genus: Snowornis - atypical pihas (2 species)
- Genus Porphyrolaema
- Purple-throated Cotinga, Porphyrolaema porphyrolaema
- Genus: Cotinga (7 species)
- Genus: Xipholena (3 species)
- Genus: Carpodectes (3 species)
- Genus: Conioptilon
- Black-faced Cotinga, Conioptilon mcilhennyi
- Genus: Gymnoderus
- Bare-necked Fruitcrow, Gymnoderus foetidus
- Genus: Haematoderus
- Crimson Fruitcrow, Haematoderus militaris
- Genus: Querula
- Purple-throated Fruitcrow, Querula purpurata
- Genus: Pyroderus
- Red-ruffed Fruitcrow, Pyroderus scutatus
- Genus: Cephalopterus - umbrellabirds (3 species)
- Genus: Perissocephalus
- Capuchinbird, Perissocephalus tricolor
- Genus: Procnias - Neotropical bellbirds (4 species)
- Genus: Rupicola - cock-of-the-rocks (2 species)
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Three-wattled Bellbird (Procnias tricarunculata)
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Long-wattled Umbrellabird (Cephalopterus penduliger)
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Purple-throated Fruitcrow (Querula purpurata)
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Snowy Cotinga (Carpodectes nitidus)
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Lovely Cotinga (Cotinga amabilis)
References
- ^ a b c Prum, Richard O.; Snow, David W. (2003). "Cotingas". In Christopher Perrins (Ed.). Firefly Encyclopedia of Birds. Firefly Books. pp. 432–433. ISBN 1-55297-777-3.
- ^ Remsen, J. V., Jr., C. D. Cadena, A. Jaramillo, M. Nores, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, T. S. Schulenberg, F. G. Stiles, D. F. Stotz, & K. J. Zimmer. 2007. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithologists' Union. Accessed 12 December 2007.
Further reading
- Snow, D.W. (1976). "The relationship between climate and annual cycles in the Cotingidae." Ibis 118(3):366-401
- Snow, D.W. (1982). The Cotingas: Bellbirds, Umbrella birds and their allies. British Museum Press. ISBN 0-19-858511-X
External links
- Cotinga videos on the Internet Bird Collection
- Cotinga sounds on xeno-canto.org
Categories:- Cotingidae
- Bird families
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