Demographics of Papua New Guinea

This article is about the demographic features of the population of Papua New Guinea, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

The indigenous population of Papua New Guinea is one of the most heterogeneous in the world. Papua New Guinea has several thousand separate communities, most with only a few hundred people. Divided by language, customs, and tradition, some of these communities have engaged in endemic warfare with their neighbors for centuries.

Huli Wigman from the Southern Highlands Province

The isolation created by the mountainous terrain is so great that some groups, until recently, were unaware of the existence of neighboring groups only a few kilometers away. The diversity, reflected in a folk saying, "For each village, a different culture", is perhaps best shown in the local languages. Spoken mainly on the island of New Guinea, about 650 of these Papuan languages have been identified; of these, only 350-450 are related. The remainder of the Papuan languages seem to be totally unrelated either to each other or to the other major groupings. In addition, many languages belonging to Austronesian language group are used in Papua New Guinea, and in total, more than 800 languages are spoken in Papua New Guinea.^[1] Native languages are spoken by a few hundred to a few thousand, although Enga language, used in Enga Province, is spoken by some 130,000 people.

Tok Pisin serves as the lingua franca. English is the language of business and government, and all schooling from Grade 2 Primary is in English.

The overall population density is low, although pockets of overpopulation exist. Papua New Guinea's Western Province averages one person per square kilometer (3 per sq. mi.). The Simbu Province in the New Guinea highlands averages 20 persons per square kilometer (60 per sq. mi.) and has areas containing up to 200 people farming a square kilometer of land. The highlands have 40% of the population.

A considerable urban drift towards Port Moresby and other major centers has occurred in recent years. Between 1978 and 1988, Port Moresby grew nearly 8% per year, Lae 6%, Mount Hagen 6.5%, Goroka 4%, and Madang 3%. The trend toward urbanization accelerated in the 1990s, bringing in its wake squatter settlements, unemployment, and attendant social problems. Almost two-thirds of the population is Christian. Of these, more than 700,000 are Roman Catholic, more than 500,000 Lutheran, and the balance are members of other Protestant denominations. Although the major churches are under indigenous leadership, a large number of missionaries remain in the country. The non-Christian portion of the indigenous population practices a wide variety of religions that are an integral part of traditional culture, mainly animism (spirit worship) and ancestor cults.

Foreign residents are just over 1% of the population. More than half are Australian; others are from the United Kingdom, New Zealand, the Philippines, and the United States. Since independence, about 900 foreigners have become naturalized citizens.

The traditional Papua New Guinea social structure includes the following characteristics:

• The practice of subsistence economy;
• Recognition of bonds of kinship with obligations extending beyond the immediate family group;
• Generally egalitarian relationships with an emphasis on acquired, rather than inherited, status; and
• A strong attachment of the people to land.

Most Papua New Guineans still adhere strongly to this traditional social structure, which has its roots in village life.

CIA demographic statistics

Demographics of Papua New Guinea, Data of FAO, year 2005; Number of inhabitants in thousands.

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook 2011, unless otherwise indicated.^[2]

Population

6,187,591 (July 2011 est.)

Age structure

0–14 years: 36.4% (male 1,145,946; female 1,106,705)

15–64 years: 60% (male 1,907,787; female 1,802,144)

65 years and over: 3.6% (male 121,207/female 103,802) (2011 est.)

Population growth rate

1.985% (2011 est.)

Birth rate

26.44 births/1,000 population (2011 est.)

Death rate

6.58 deaths/1,000 population (2011 est.)

Net migration rate

0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2011 est.)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female

15–64 years: 1.06 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 1.2 male(s)/female

total population: 1.06 male(s)/female (2011 est.)

Infant mortality rate

43.29 deaths/1,000 live births (2011 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 66.24 years

male: 64.02 years

female: 68.56 years (2011 est.)

Total fertility rate

3.46 children born/woman (2011 est.)

Nationality

noun: Papua New Guinean(s)

adjective: Papua New Guinean

Major ethnic groupings

• Melanesians
• Papuans
• Negritos
• Micronesians
• Polynesians

Minor ethnic groupings

• Wopkaimin

and over 700 others

Religions

Roman Catholic 27%, Lutheran 19%, United 11%, Seventh-day Adventist 10%, Pentecostal 8%, Evangelical Alliance 5%, Anglican 3%,^[3] Traditional Religions 17%

Languages

Main article: Languages of Papua New Guinea

Of the three official languages, English spoken by 1%-2% of the population, Tok Pisin is widespread, and Hiri Motu is spoken in the Papua region, the main region in which Tok Pisin is not prevalent. There are 820-830 indigenous languages.[1] The language with the largest single number of speakers is Enga (180,000).

Literacy

definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 64.6%

male: 71.1%

female: 57.7% (2002 est.)

See also

• Papua New Guinea

References

1. ^ Ethnologue online edition
2. ^ https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pp.html
3. ^ "History Catholic Church in PNG". Archived from the original on 2007-10-10. http://web.archive.org/web/20071010005152/http://www.rtapng.com.pg/faith/rel+png.html. Retrieved 2010-09-03.